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Topic: Manned spaceflight

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human spaceflight

Sub orbital spaceflight

List of human spaceflights, 1987 1999

List of human spaceflights, 2000 present

List of human spaceflights, 1961 1986

Orbital spaceflight

List of human spaceflights

pilot spaceflight

manned spaceflight

Private spaceflight

List of human spaceflights by program

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	Orbital spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An orbital spaceflight (or orbital flight) in the general sense is a spaceflight where the spacecraft reaches the height of, and through having an appropriate velocity enters into, an astronomical body 's orbit.
		Usually though, the term is applied in its specific sense: reaching earth orbit from the earth 's surface.
		In this latter sense, the expression "orbital spaceflight" is mostly used to distinguish from sub-orbital spaceflight s, which are flights where the spacecraft also reaches space, but does not go high enough, and especially not fast enough, to enter into an orbit around our planet.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Orbital_spaceflight.html (402 words)

	Featured Debate V: Should manned spaceflight continue? - Science Forums and Debate
		Manned space flight should not continue, it is a luxury born of the Cold War and is unnecessary, self-serving, expensive and dangerous.
		These craft are considerably cheaper than manned craft, are more versatile in where they can be sent and don't have to come back to earth at the end of their mission, not to mention the reduced risk of not having somebody on board.
		Manned spaceflight not only covers exploring planets, it encompasses all travel into space, whether it goes just out of our atmosphere all the way into deep space.
	www.scienceforums.net /forums/showthread.php?t=3576 (2344 words)

	Mercury program article - Mercury program United States manned spaceflight program 1959 1963 NACA NASA - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Mercury program was the United States's first successful manned spaceflight program.
		Mercury spacecraft (also called a capsule or space capsule) were very small one-man vehicles; it was said that the Mercury spacecraft were not ridden, they were worn.
		Each manned Mercury spacecraft, however, was decorated with a flight insignia.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Mercury_program (1807 words)

	Private spaceflight - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the early years of spaceflight only nation states had the resources to develop and fly spacecraft.
		The Ansari X Prize is intended to stimulate private investment in the development of spaceflight technologies.
		The June 21, 2004 test flight of SpaceShipOne, a contender for the X Prize, was the first manned spaceflight in a privately developed and operated vehicle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Private_spaceflight (907 words)

	Corwin's Rantings: Manned spaceflight
		Like children of the 1960's I believed that by the time I was an adult, spaceflight would be routine.
		A shuttle replacement is on the drawing board, but research into a replacement system was shelved a few years ago due to lack of funding.
		This is seen as spaceflight, for you are above the atmosphere at that height.
	www.visi.com /~corwin/polblog/2004/09/manned-spaceflight.html (828 words)

	Spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Manned Spaceflight Database Basic information about every manned spaceflight to date.
		From Stargazers to Starships The motion of Earth in space, Newtonian mechanics, spaceflight and spacecraft, and a math refresher, on a high school level.
		This site deals with the world of gravity--of massive planets and stars, and the way spaceflight is achieved despite their s
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Spaceflight.html (176 words)

	Human spaceflight -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Human spaceflight is (Click link for more info and facts about space exploration) space exploration with a (Click link for more info and facts about human crew) human crew, and possibly passengers (in contrast to dog-manned space missions, which are remotely-controlled or (Click link for more info and facts about robotic) robotic space probes).
		Traditionally, these endeavours have been referred to as manned space missions, although today some prefer to use the term crewed or piloted space missions because they consider manned to be (A man with a chauvinistic belief in the inferiority of women) sexist, though it only denotes gender in one of several definitions of the word.
		The first human spaceflight was (Click link for more info and facts about Vostok 1) Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961: Soviet (A person trained to travel in a spacecraft) cosmonaut (Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 was the first person to travel in space (1934-1968)) Yuri Gagarin made one orbit around the earth.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hu/human_spaceflight.htm (1061 words)

	Human Spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was therefore slightly jarring to see the conservatism that went into the Chinese human spaceflight program which started with test flights in 1999 and...
		Traditionally, these endeavours have been referred to as manned space missions, although today some prefer to use the term crewed space missions because they consider manned to be sexist.
		Human spaceflight missions beyond Earth orbit have been carried out by the United States only: to the Moon.
	www.wikiverse.org /human-spaceflight (448 words)

	Chinese Defence Today - Manned Spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		China’s manned space programme Project 921 officially commenced in 1992, but the country’s preparation for manned spaceflight can be traced back to the founding of the Spaceflight Medical Research Centre by Prof Qian Xuesen in 1968.
		After over a decade of development in both national economy and space technology, manned space programme was once again came into the country leaders’ agenda in the late 1980s.
		The manned spaceship was reportedly in engineering phase in 1996, and at the same time two Chinese astronaut trainees began training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Russia.
	www.sinodefence.com /space/manned (543 words)

	How Jim Fulton Saved the Space Shuttle \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		In the spring of 1970, the House of Representatives Manned Spaceflight Subcommittee sought to bolster the anemic administration request for NASA by a budget boost.
		He expressed dismay that manned spaceflight was getting so large a budget boost beyond the administration's request, and in light of the reductions being made to robotic space missions.
		At the heart of their support for the Space Shuttle concept was a belief that manned spaceflight, to survive in the climate of the 1970s, had to expand beyond NASA to other users, and open up space to new opportunities for exploitation.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewnews.html?id=869 (2950 words)

	News & Views - Manned Spaceflight Project to Be Launched as Part of China Civil Spaceflight Program (10/9/2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The general ability and level of its carrier rockets is to be fully improved in order to create the model system of new-generation launching vehicles and enhance its competitiveness in international commercial launching services.
		And then it is to realize manned spaceflight, build up China's own manned aerospace system and develop aerospace research and carry out deep-space exploration with the stress laid on the moon detection.
		And finally on that basis it is to strive for a relatively important place for China in the study of world aerospace science so as to raise its deep-space exploration technology to a higher level.
	www.chinahouston.org /news/20011009101008.html (288 words)

	ante lucem: Attack NASA, but leave manned spaceflight alone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Wrong Stuff is not an attack against manned spaceflight, something that I would have to try and refute, but it is an attack against the wastefulness of government space programs and questions the utility of manned flight in accomplishing the goals of NASA.
		Manned spaceflight is simple preservation of the species.
		Criticisms of NASA cannot be extrapolated to cover manned spaceflight as a whole.
	grant.henninger.name /archives/2004/03/30/attack_nasa_but_leave_manned_spaceflight_alone.html (1924 words)

	Space history: Aviation, rocketry and pre-manned spaceflight history.
		The man chosen was World War II ace Captain Chuck Yeager, one of the most junior pilots but also the best.
		The man with the "right stuff" would have to wait for the public recognition he richly deserved.
		It made the first manned probes into the lower edges of space and was designed for speeds of up to 4,000 mph and altitudes of 50 miles, but these goals were exceeded on numerous occasions.
	www.thespaceplace.com /history/rocket2.html (2516 words)

	Chinese Manned Space Program: Behind Closed Doors
		The payload may be clearly identified as being manned because the capsule is equipped with an escape tower, a piece of equipment not necessary for unmanned flight.
		Talk of manned space flight died down for a while, and even a diplomatic initiative in 1984 by President Reagan to fly a Chinese cosmonaut on the U.S. shuttle went nowhere.
		Xiandong's diagram clearly showed a manned capsule which the Shanghai Astronautics Bureau had designed for use with an improved versions of China's Long March commercial launcher, and this could be determined by examining the proposed spacecraft's diameter and mass.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/chidoors.htm (2690 words)

	TEAMQUEST '96 MANNED SPACEFLIGHT
		The two man space program was named Gemini, for the third constellation of the Zodiac and its twin stars, Castor and Pollux.
		Gemini's objectives were as follows: To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration; to rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles; to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system; to perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land.
		The Mission Objectives were to demonstrate manned orbital flight; evaluate two-man design; demonstrate and evaluate tracking network; demonstrate OAMS capability in orbital maneuvers and in retrofire backup; Demonstrate controlled reentry and landing; Evaluate major spacecraft subsystems; Demonstrate systems checkout, prelaunch, and launch procedures; Demonstrate and evaluate recovery procedures and systems.
	library.thinkquest.org /3670/gather/anchor.html (7738 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Chinese planning for second manned spaceflight
		Now well over a year since China's first manned spaceflight, more information is slowly being released about their next foray into space.
		The official Xinhua news organization quoted Huang Chunping, commander of the rocket segment of China's manned space program, as saying Shenzhou 6 is expected to be ready to launch this fall, near the two-year anniversary of Shenzhou 5.
		3 is the first comprehensive study of man's first mission to another world is revealed in all of its startling complexity.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0503/06shenzhou6 (725 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| China plans manned spaceflight in 2003
		China hopes to launch its first manned spacecraft later this year, a senior official has said.
		Shenzhou IV has all the facilities necessary for manned flight, and the Xinhua news agency reported that taikonauts had been training in the module, which can accommodate three people.
		The first test flight of the Shenzhou programme was in November 1999, when a capsule orbited the Earth 14 times in a 12-hour mission aimed at testing launch and re-entry systems.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/2620915.stm (442 words)

	News & Views - China declares manned spaceflight successful (10/20/2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chinese premier Wen Jiabao said in a congratulation message that China's first manned spaceflight has been a "complete success", which shall be written into the history of China's space program development.
		The dream was to be realized centuries later in New China, a China recognized as one of the fastest growing economies in the world, as a country taking giant steps towards modernization under the reform-and-opening policy since the late 1970s and early 1980s.
		In 1992, the country started a manned space flight program, in the wake of success in sending man-made earth satellites into space.
	www.chinahouston.org /news/20031021170313.html (645 words)

	China Hopes Manned Spaceflight Will Open Road To Moon
		In a series of talks on the topic "Exploring space: Chinese lunar exploration is not a dream", space officials expressed confidence that the first manned mission would be launched before 2005, and the first lunar exploration mission might be realized much sooner than the end of the decade.
		Huang considered that development of Chinese space technology should follow four stages: manned spaceflight, rendezvous and docking, establishing an orbital platform, and deep space exploration to the Moon and other planets.
		When the manned space technology is perfected, China would move on to the manned phase of the lunar exploration program.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/china-02zm.html (1040 words)

	Salon.com Technology \| Spaced out
		Critics of manned spaceflight say the Columbia disaster means we must retreat from space.
		For me, the question of whether the benefits from manned spaceflight outweighed the risks, or the expense, was hardly worth bothering over.
		NASA's darkest days, as far as manned spaceflight is concerned, were probably the six years from 1974 to 1980.
	www.salon.com /tech/feature/2003/02/05/space_flight/?x (1501 words)

	Chinese Defence Today - ShenZhou-5 Manned Spaceflight Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ShenZhou-5 is the first manned spaceflight mission launched by China on 15 October 2003, following four unmanned experimental missions between 1999 and 2002.
		The first manned flight mission solely aimed at the safe launch and return of the spaceship and her crew, with no other mission added to the flight schedule.
		After 14 circles around the earth, the Spaceflight Command and Control Centre in Beijing sent radio command to the spaceship to initiate the re-entry.
	www.sinodefence.com /space/manned/shenzhou5.asp (512 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Report: Chinese ready to test enhanced manned craft
		The Shenzhou was launched last November on mission that closely resembled a manned spaceflight.
		Manned space operations in China continue to get a high priority, the DoD report said.
		Even though one of the major reasons for funding the program is for national pride and political prestige, manned spaceflight could advance Chinese military space operations.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0007/04chinaspace (361 words)

	Rednova NEWS \| Private Companies Poised for Manned Spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		WASHINGTON (AP) -- In a race to achieve the first privately funded manned spaceflight, two teams of rocket engineers are poised to compete for the $10 million X Prize by launching people to the edge of space and bringing them back safely twice within a two-week period.
		Peter H. Diamandis, chairman and CEO of the X Prize Foundation, said he expects that one of the two teams will launch within the next few months, using rockets and spacecraft that are already being tested and prepared for the daring venture.
		The X Prize contest calls for launching a manned craft to 62 miles, generally considered the cusp of space, and returning it safely to Earth.
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=14632 (751 words)

	The Activities - Manned Spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In February, the Columbus Programme and the Manned Space Transportation Programme were merged, by means of a special Act in Council, to form the Manned Spaceflight Programme.
		The concentration of all manned spaceflight activities into a single programme reflects ESA's goal of defining and implementing a coherent policy in this domain of activities, which will be a major element of the Agency's programmes until the turn of the century.
		This approval was originally to be sought at a Council Meeting at Ministerial Level, to be held later in 1995, but an accelerated timetable had to be established to meet the NASA and Russian Space Agency request to firmly define the European contribution to ISSA by March 1995.
	esapub.esrin.esa.it /annuals/annual94/enspace2.htm (1297 words)

	NASA and the Future of Manned Spaceflight
		At that point, NASA would either be forced to temporarily abandon manned operations, or to swallow their pride and "outsource" taxi services to the Russians, whose Soyuz system, despite its rude-and-crude reputation, has a comparatively good safety record.
		If, by some miracle, NASA succeeds in getting the go-ahead for a new system, they should take a very conservative approach both in the design of the spacecraft, and in their overall approach to manned spaceflight.
		Until spaceflight becomes truly routine (which is ultimately going to be decided by the private sector), no more mission specialists from other countries, no more teachers-in-space, no more congressional septuagenarians on gimmick missions.
	www.scifidimensions.com /Sep03/shuttle.htm (729 words)

	Conrad, Charles, Jr. -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		As commander of the Apollo 12 lunar mission in 1969, U.S. astronaut Charles Conrad, Jr., became the third man to walk on the moon.
		American astronaut, copilot on the Gemini 5 spaceflight (1965), command pilot of Gemini 11, spacecraft commander of the Apollo 12 flight to the Moon, and commander of the Skylab 2 mission.
		Cooper was one of seven pilots chosen for the Mercury series of one-man spacecraft, and he was the youngest member of the first generation of American manned spaceflight.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9310817 (705 words)

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