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Topic: Manned torpedo

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	ANTI - TORPEDO NETS
		On 22 September, the torpedo vessel VESUVIUS fired an old pattern 16in torpedo with a 91lb charge from her bow submerged tube against the nets which were still rigged 30ft from the ship's side.
		One torpedo, however, which exploded in the nets near the bow, produced a leak in the torpedo room, and another damaged the compartment forward of the collision bulkhead, the nets having yielded to such an extent that the explosion took place near the hull.
		The two last torpedoes that struck the ship were fired at close range against the unprotected stern: they damaged the rudder and produced a serious leak under the quarterdeck, so that the aft end of the ship sank until it touched the bottom.
	www.russojapanesewar.com /russell.html (2968 words)

	Type 93 torpedo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In early battles, Japanese destroyers and cruisers were able to launch their torpedoes from over 20,000 metres out at unsuspecting Allied ships that were attempting to close to gun range, expecting torpedoes to be fired at less than 10,000 metres, the typical range of that era.
		A 17.7 inch (450 mm) version designated the Type 97 torpedo was later developed for use by midget submarines, but it was not a success and was replaced operationally by the Type 91 torpedo.
		In surface battles, by the time the deck-mounted torpedo tubes were reloaded ready to launch a second wave of torpedoes, Allied ships were close enough to able to use their torpedoes as well and the advantage of reloads was reduced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Type_93_torpedo (918 words)

	Human torpedo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In operation the torpedo was carried by another vessel (usually a normal submarine), and launched near the target.
		Most manned torpedo operations were at night and during the new moon to cut down the risk of being seen.
		An extreme form of a genuine manned torpedo that carried the weapon, a second torpedo, underneath which was launched at the target.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_torpedo (1514 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Unmanned and manned aviation originated in the same era, and a number of the early pioneers of flight, including Orville Wright and Glen Curtiss, contributed vigorously to the development of both.
		Whereas manned aircraft progressed from a few hundred machines flying stunts in a few countries in 1914 to tens of thousands flying with a military purpose worldwide in 1918, unmanned aircraft had just begun to move from the lab bench to limited production.
		Because the earlier work of Sperry and Kettering on 'aerial torpedoes' was kept under wraps between the two world wars, the Fieseler Fi 103, or V-1 "buzz bomb," introduced the public to cruise missiles and in a larger sense to robotic warfare.
	www.uavforum.com /library/defnews.doc (2335 words)

	Long Lance
		It was described as “the most lethal torpedo in the world.” Later versions saw the Type 93 modified to carry a human pilot—the Kaiten manned torpedo, but for now this unconventional torpedo was going to be used in a most conventional way: to sink enemy ships.
		While most torpedoes were driven by compressed air, a means of propulsion that left a bubbly trail right back to the sender, the Type 93 used compressed oxygen.
		Torpedoes used by the U.S. Navy the first two years of the war were unreliable; the exploder and depth regulating mechanism often failed to function as designed.
	www.military.com /features/0,15240,113172,00.html (1625 words)

	Torpedo Sphere
		All the torpedoes are fired at the weak point (usually being no greater than six metres square) to create a breach in the shield (which lasts only a few microseconds) from which blasts from the heavy turbolasers pass through to destroy the planetary shield generators.
		Four Torpedo Tubes (one at each corner of the room), and a pair of specialized power generators (which are essential to power the DER targeting computers) flank each control room.
		The Torpedo Sphere's proton torpedo tubes are arranged in an inverted conical formation, while its heavy turbolaser batteries surround the tubes.
	www.galacticempiredatabank.com /TorpSphere.html (1644 words)

	USS REUBEN JAMES (FFG 57) ~ Departments
		CG Division - is manned by Gunner's Mates (GM) who are responsible for the maintenance and operation of the 76mm Gun battery, 25mm guns, dual.50 caliber gun mounts and all crew served weapons.
		OD Division - is manned by Boatswain's Mates (BM) and deck seaman who are responsible for all activities relating to deck and boat seamanship, the ship's ground tackle and mooring lines, and the maintenance of the ship's external structure.
		OI Division - is manned by Operations Specialists (OS) who are responsible for the collection, processing, and dissemination of tactical information, writing messages, communicating with warfare commanders, tactically controlling the SH-60B helicopters, and acting as a backup to the Quartermasters for the navigation plot.
	www.reuben-james.navy.mil /departments.htm (728 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The former has an effect of reducing the available torpedoes a submarine can carry, while the latter requires it to be reloaded by a submarine tender or by returning to port.
		Where Japan had the finest submarine torpedoes of the war, the USN had perhaps the worst, the Mark 14 steam torpedo, with a Mk 6 magnetic influence exploder and a Mk 5 contact exploder, neither of which was reliable.
		One attempt to correct the problems resulted in a wakeless, electric torpedo being placed in service, but the losses of USS Tang and Tullibee resulted from self-inflicted hits by these torpedoes, and Wahoo may have been severely crippled by a circular hit on her bow before being bombed by aircraft.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Submarine (8876 words)

	Neger
		Since it had to be build in huge numbers and without long design work, a simple solution was chosen: Two G7e torpedoes were connected above each other, in the upper one the warhead was removed, a transparent dome and a driver cockpit was installed.
		The Neger had to approach closely to its target, fire its torpedo and disengage.
		Since this vehicle was not able to dive, it was very vulnerable against enemy attacks, once the transparent dome was damaged, the driver almost had no chance to escape from the sinking vessel.
	www.german-navy.de /kriegsmarine/ships/uboats/minisubs/neger (150 words)

	The Attack Minute By Minute
		Torpedoes were dropped from about 50 feet after submarine base pier was passed.
		This plane had fired a torpedo at the U.S.S. 0806 TRACY Observed torpedo planes coming in from easterly direction and launching torpedoes at BBs at Ford Is. At first attack ship closed up as much as possible and broke out fighting equipment.
		Manned 1.1 battery and machine guns aft in time to fire at three or four enemy planes.
	www.navsource.org /Naval/logs.htm (15722 words)

	SIXTY HOURS ON A RAFT: Henry T. von Vange
		One of them was killed by the ship's propellor, which was still turning, and the other, thrown overboard by the torpedo blast, was struck by a life raft launched from the shrouds.
		The gunners manned their posts and lookouts scanned the sea for a sign of the submarine.
		No more torpedoes were fired, but at 3:30 P.M., the submarine surfaced and von Vange and his mates blazed away at it with their five-inch rifle.
	www.angelfire.com /va/ValsGenealogyPage/page16.html (1163 words)

	Italian Oxygen Rebreathers
		These divers activities actually began in the First World War, when manned torpedoes known as "Mignatta" were used by Lt. Raffaele Paolucci and Maj. Raffaele Rossetti to sink the Austrian battleship Viribus Unitis in the harbor of Pola.
		The sinking of a 21,000 ton ship of the line by two men using crude equipment (the manned torpedoes were run on the surface, the warheads detached by the swimmers, and then run back for the escape on the surface) was a tour de force of asymmetric warfare.
		The term "SLC", or "Siluri a Lenta", "Slow-Speed Torpedo" was used to describe a manned torpedo on which the divers (2) sat riding the vessel to the target, where they would detach the warhead and make their escape after attaching it using magnetic clamps to the enemy vessel.
	www.nobubblediving.com /aro.htm (784 words)

	Naval Museum of Manitoba - Canadian Naval History
		Torpedo control was achieved by aiming the boat, with the Captain firing by remote control.
		Torpedoes would drive progressively deeper before achieving their set depths - a handicap in shallow water.
		Motor Torpedo Boat Signalman R. Lovelock with his flags; in the background with the Lewis gun is Tel.
	www.naval-museum.mb.ca /mtb/page1.htm (1080 words)

	Senior Women Web > Articles > David Westheimer
		The basic third line of defense position would be manned by 1,000 riflemen supported by artillery, machine guns, mortars and anti-tank guns.
		While the transports were arriving at their anchorage areas and air attacks were at their height, surface and underwater suicide craft would join the fray.
		After anchorage, human torpedoes would join the assault, and crash boats would swarm out of their nests under cover of darkness.
	www.seniorwomen.com /articles/david/articlesDavidAtomic2.html (1332 words)

	Torpedo Town U.S.A. - Chapter 2
		In June of 1910, Congress brought the proposed torpedo station to life, okaying an appropriation of $145,000 with which to purchase the necessary land.
		Rear Admiral V.L. Cottman, Commandant of PSNY was responsible for the new torpedo station and in one of his first actions, he allowed the residents to stay until their crops could be harvested, but no later than November 1.
		The Hagen farm, which was situated at the mouth of the lagoon, was one of the original five to be condemned by the government for the torpedo station.
	hnsa.org /doc/torpedotown/chap2.htm (2265 words)

	Coast Guard-manned Naval Vessels in World War II
		The four transports were manned principally by sailors from cutters, especially the 10 250-foot Lake-class vessels that had been transferred to the Royal Navy by Lend-Lease a few weeks earlier, and by some of the more than 6,700 men who entered the Coast Guard under special temporary three-year enlistments in 1939 and 1941.
		One of the Coast Guard-manned DEs, the USS Leopold, was lost, sunk by an acoustic torpedo while it was attacking a submarine 400 miles south of Iceland during the night of March 9, 1944.
		Finally, the surfmen assigned to vessels manned by the Navy, to serve in landing craft and as mentors for landing craft crews while the Navy was learning the techniques of amphibious warfare, must not be forgotten.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/h_cgnvy.html (5033 words)

	USS Bowfin - Target Bearing Transmitter
		The target designation system is used for the purpose of transmitting and indicating the bearing of the target from the bridge or radar to the torpedo data computer (TDC) and the two plotting stations.
		It is a simple selsyn-operated system using manually operated bearing transmitters on the bridge and an automatic transmitter coupled to the train mechanism of the radar.
		During Bowfin's second war patrol, ENS John Bertrand manned the TBT on the aft end of the bridge, an open and extremely exposed position.
	www.bowfin.org /website/bowfin/bowfin_systems/TBT/tbt.htm (336 words)

	Marder Human Torpedo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Marder (Sable), along with its predecessor the Neger, were the first midget designs to be built by the Kriegsmarine.
		The basic form was of two superimposed torpedoes, the top one equipped with a cockpit sovered with a plexiglass canopy, the lower one the weapon itself.
		Once within range the underslung torpedo was triggered and released, pilot and manned torpedo veering away for the return journey to base.
	www.uboatwar.net /marder.htm (234 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Iran test-fires new torpedo during Gulf war game
		Iran has test-fired a new torpedo successfully in the ongoing war game in the Gulf, the state television reported Monday.
		The new ship-launched torpedo is capable of destroying any vessel on and under the surface of water in any depth, said the report, terming it as "the most dangerous naval weapon."
		Monday's torpedo test was conducted during the week-long military drill in the Gulf which started on March 31 and will last till April 6.
	english.people.com.cn /200604/04/eng20060404_255701.html (471 words)

	Kamikaze Submarine
		This book tells the history of the "kaiten," which is not a submarine, but rather a manned torpedo launched from a submarine and used by the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II as part of its special attack forces to make suicide attacks on enemy ships.
		The Naval General Staff approved the development of the kaiten in February 1944 on the condition it not be used as a suicide weapon.
		The manned torpedoes only sank two American ships in total (Warner 1982, 334), but the Japanese Navy lost eight submarines and nearly 900 lives, including about 100 kaiten pilots, as part of the kaiten program (Kaiten Kichi 1999, 75; Yokota 1962, 272).
	wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu /kamikaze/books/personal/yokota/index.htm (1217 words)

	MilitaryHistoryOnline.com (Not Logged in)
		The poor man was blamed by some families after the Court Martial because of the Navy's pinning the blame on him in my opinion.
		In fact, zigzagging was even more important at night, because visual warnings of a torpedo launch would be substantially later at night, changing the required maneuvering to avoid a torpedo from hard to essentially impossible.
		If the torpedo had not been fired yet, the sub had to start over on a new firing solution, by which time the generally faster moving surface vessel might be out of range.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /Forums/ViewPost.aspx?ForumID=34&ID=5734 (10075 words)

	Submarine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Victor III was the first class of Soviet submarines to be built with this new capability; armed with torpedoes, tactical short-range nuclear missiles (similar to the American SUBROC), and cruise missiles, they posed a more significant threat to NATO sea power.
		The boats are armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles and, in many cases, Tomahawk cruise missiles; all are fired from their torpedo tubes.
		One attempt to correct the problems resulted in a wakeless, electric torpedo being placed in service, but the losses of the USS Tang and the USS Tullibee resulted from self-inflicted hits by these torpedoes, and the USS Wahoo may have been severely crippled by a circular hit on her bow before being bombed by aircraft.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Submarine (8864 words)

	Japanese Submarines
		These included manned torpedoes, midget submarines, medium-range submarines, purpose-built supply submarines (many for use by the Army), long-range fleet submarines (many of which carried an aircraft), submarines with high submerged speed, and submarines that could carry multiple bombers.
		The Type 95 torpedo used pure oxygen to burn kerosene, instead of the compressed air and alcohol used in other nation's torpedoes.
		All Japanese torpedoes made during the war used Japanese Type 97 explosive, a mixture of 60% TNT and 40% hexanitrodiphenylamine.
	www.combinedfleet.com /ss.htm (1355 words)

	Kaiten Memorial Museum
		The Imperial Japanese Navy approved in February 1944 the development of a new top-secret weapon called a kaiten, a manned torpedo to be launched from a submarine.
		Due to strict military secrecy surrounding the kaiten program, facts concerning deployment of manned torpedoes did not get disclosed to the Japanese public until after the war.
		However, the film has a man, who trained as a kaiten pilot, explaining that the kaiten was the "most efficient" weapon, since the manned torpedo was more successful than the suicide air attacks that only hit one in ten targets.
	wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu /kamikaze/museums/kaiten/index.htm (1367 words)

	About Facts Net
		Later in the war a type of manned torpedo was developed.
		This torpedo had a human onboard who was welded into the device.
		From what I have found on this subject, it seems that this type of torpedo was not even as successful as a standard torpedo.
	aboutfacts.net /Weapons18.htm (781 words)

	Comando Supremo: Naval Assault Units
		The idea of a manned torpedo was furnished from previous manned torpedo actions that occurred in both the Revolutionary War and World War One.
		Italian frogmen secretly replaced the crew with divers and technicians and built a workshop to house, build and maintain human torpedos.
		Replacement torpedos were shipped from Italy disguised as boiler tubes.
	www.comandosupremo.com /Decima.html (673 words)

	Anti-Torpedo Nets
		A British Admiralty Torpedo Committee set up to enquire into all aspects of torpedo warfare reported in 1876 that due to the threat of torpedo boat attack "none of our large vessels could remain for any length of time during war off an enemy's coast...".
		That vessel, at the end of the siege of Port Arthur, was anchored outside the harbour in a position where she was sheltered from the fire of the Japanese batteries, but became exposed to persistent attacks from torpedo boats.
		Two destroyers were assigned the duty to ward off enemy attacks in the region between the ship and the shore, and two smaller torpedo boats were stationed near the ship, one each side.
	www.gwpda.org /naval/nets.htm (3419 words)

	Turkish Navy, World War 1
		One of the torpedo boats attempted to destroy her with a torpedo.
		A major loss for the small Turkish Navy, most of her crew were rescued by the torpedo boats, but there were 14 martyrs.
		Hunting for a reported British submarine, 'Yarhisar' (Lt Cdr Ahmet Hulusi Hasan) was torpedoed by 'E-11' (Lt Cdr Naismith) on her third and last patrol in the Sea of Marmara just as the Gallipoli Campaign was about to end with with the evacuation of Allied forces.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1NavyTurkish.htm (2327 words)

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