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Topic: Manner of articulation

	Manner of articulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trill, in which the articulator (usually the tip of the tongue) is held in place, and the airstream causes it to vibrate.
		Manners of articulation with substantial obstruction of the airflow (plosives, fricatives, affricates) are called obstruents.
		All of these manners of articulation are pronounced with an airstream mechanism called pulmonic egressive, meaning that the air flows outward, and is powered by the lungs (actually the ribs and diaphragm).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manner_of_articulation (1351 words)

	Place of articulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of the roof of the mouth).
		There are five basic active articulators: the lip ("labial consonants"), the flexible front of the tongue ("coronal consonants"), the middle/back of the tongue ("dorsal consonants"), the root of the tongue together with the epiglottis ("radical consonants"), and the larynx ("laryngeal consonants").
		When these are doubly articulated, the articulators must be independently movable, and therefore there may only be one each from the categories labial, coronal, dorsal, and radical.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Place_of_articulation (879 words)

	Facts about topic: (Manner of articulation) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fricative (A continuant consonant produced by breath moving against a narrowing of the vocal tract) s, or spirants, where there is continuous friction at the place of articulation.
		Lateral (A pass to a receiver upfield from the passer) approximants, such as the English /l/, is a special type of approximant formed at one or both sides of the tongue.
		Tap (A plug for a bunghole in a cask) s, or flaps, where a "tap" at the place of articulation results in an instantaneous closure and reopening of the vocal tract.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/manner_of_articulation.htm (476 words)

	sidm
		Rate of articulation: an articulation overall may be rapid as in a tap or slower as in a plosive.
		Repetition: an articulation may be performed once only as in a plosive or tap, or it may be repeated rapidly as in a trill.
		Median articulation An aspect of the manner of articulation of consonants, specifically fricatives and approximants.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/sid/sidm.htm (752 words)

	Encyclopedia: Manner of articulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation.
		Laterals are L-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue.
		Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Manner-of-articulation (1004 words)

	Articulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Articulation is the term used for all actions of the organs of the vocal tract that effect modifications of the signal generated by the voice source.
		Articulation does not explicitly include voice quality factors; it may, however, influence the phonation process, due to the changed coupling between the source and the vocal tract (see section 25).
		The secondary function of articulation is to shape the paralinguistic layer by "coloring" and "bleaching" the phonetic segments with the personality of the speaker.
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /phonetik/EGG/page7.htm (339 words)

	Phonetics 2
		We have described a number of classes of consonants according to their place of articulation and their laryngeal state, yet we are still unable to distinguish the sounds in each class from each other.
		Besides stating whether a sound is voiced or voiceless and giving the sound’s point of articulation, it is necessary to describe its manner of articulation, that is, how the airstream is modified by the vocal tract to produce the sound.
		The manner of articulation of a sound depends on the degree of closure of the articulators (how close together or far apart they are).
	www.ling.umd.edu /pablos/Phon_h2.htm (385 words)

	ipsweb4_intro
		A further aspect of manner of articulation concerns the speed of the whole gesture for the articulation; for taps, the articulators are in contact for only a very brief period.
		Plosives, fricatives and affricates, the obstruents, are articulated with a constriction that causes air pressure to rise inside the vocal tract.
		The manner of articulation labels that we introduce are: plosive, affricate, nasal, fricative (lateral and median), approximant (lateral and median), tap, flap and trill.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/ips/chapter4/ipsweb4_intro.htm (299 words)

	Manners of Articulation
		The stop and the fricative halves of these affricates are at the same place of articulation: the stop is in fact postalveolar rather than alveolar.
		For example, [t] and [d] are formed identically in the mouth; the difference is that the vocal cords vibrate during a [d] but not during a [t].
		For almost any place of articulation, there are pairs of stops that differ only in whether the soft palate is raised, as in the oral stop [d], or lowered, as in the nasal stop [n].
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec3/moa.htm (900 words)

	HUMAN CONSONANT RECOGNITION FOR INITIAL AND FINAL SEGMENTS OF VCV UTTERANCES
		The resulting classification data showed that, when increasing portions of the initial part of the CV were deleted, correct classification of manner of articulation decreased on average 25ms earlier than that of voicing, which, in turn, decreased about 5ms earlier that that of place of articulation.
		That is, VCV stimuli containing consonants with different place of articulation would be close together (confusable) on, say, dimension 1, and well-separated (non-confusable) on dimension 2, while the reverse holds for consonants with different manner of articulation.
		In terms of manner of articulation and voicing, the forward-gated stimuli were clustered as nasal consonants, voiced fricatives, voiceless fricatives and plosives, while the backward-gated stimuli were clustered as nasals, fricatives, voiced plosives and voiceless plosives.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/shl10/roel/real.htm (8177 words)

	Manner of articulation - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plosives, or stopss, an "explosion" resulting from a momentary closure and then release of air.
		Fricativess, or spirants, where there is continuous friction at the place of articulation.
		Tapss, where a "tap" at the place of articulation results in an instantaneous closure and reopening of the vocal tract.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /m/ma/manner_of_articulation.html (274 words)

	[No title]
		Places and manners of articulation: describe each (you will not be examined on "affricates").
		Identify, in terms of its place and manner of articulation, the first (or last) sound of selected words.
		The place, manner of articulation and transcription symbol of consonants or vowels not used in English.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~ikalmar/question/phonet.htm (223 words)

	Linguistique UNIL - Introduction
		The distinction between manner of articulation and place of articulation is particularly important for the classification of consonants.
		The place of articulation is the point where the airstream is obstructed.
		In general, the place of articulation is simply that point on the palate where the tongue is placed to block the stream of air.
	www.unil.ch /ling/page24434.html (688 words)

	Phonology
		In the articulation of a consonant, the airstream through the vocal tract must be obstructed either partially or completely.
		The position of this obstruction and the manner in which it is effected are two of the main factors in the determination of the consonant’s acoustic properties.
		A consonant’s place of articulation is usually expressed in terms of the positions adopted by its articulators, i.e.
	www.kurdishacademy.org /english/phonology/consonants.html (420 words)

	Consonants II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In this lesson, the goals are to continue learning how speech sounds are classified in terms of their use of the speech system.
		These are the points in the vocal tract at which the articulators alter the shape of the vocal tract to produce distinct consonant sounds.
		However, consonants are further distinguished on the basis of how the articulators alter the shape of the vocal tract.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~lsp/Phonetics/ConsonantsII/Phonetics3a.html (107 words)

	Voice - Place - Manner of Articulation / Caroline Bowen
		In the International Phonetic Alphabet consonant (pulmonic) chart you will see that eleven places of articulation are displayed: bilabial (consonants made with both lips in contact); labiodental (consonants made with contact between the lower lip and upper teeth); and so on.
		These places of articulation are cross referenced with the way, or manner in which the sounds are produced.
		There are eight manners of articulation: plosive (or stop) consonants in which the air-flow is stopped abruptly by the articulators; nasals, in which the air flows down the nose; fricatives in which friction is created by the air passing through lightly touching articulators; and so on.
	members.tripod.com /Caroline_Bowen/vpm.htm (303 words)

	Workbook
		change manner of articulation from nasal to glide
		change manner of articulation from affricate to fricative
		change manner of articulation from fricative to nasal
	english.boisestate.edu /meryder/phonchge.htm (232 words)

	Places of articulation
		It is possible to combine almost any place of articulation with almost any manner of articulation.
		English uses the glottal "fricative" [h] -- in reality, a breathy voiceless articulation of the neighbouring vowels -- as if it were just another consonant.
		In many dialects of English, it is also common for an voiceless stop in the coda of a syllable to have glottal stop begun just before and overlapping with the closure phase of the higher stop.
	umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec5/s5-poa.htm (899 words)

	Definition of Click consonant
		This so-called velaric airstream mechanism is always ingressive (the air is sucked in) and can only be used for stops and affricates.
		Clicks are inherently stop-like or affricate-like depending on their place of articulation: clicks involving an alveolar or palatal closure are acoustically like plain stops, while bilabial, dental and lateral ones sound more like affricates.
		As noted above, clicks necessarily involve two closures: an anterior one which is regarded as primary and determines the click's place of articulation, and a posterior one which is typically velar or (less commonly) uvular.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Click_consonant (669 words)

	Multiple effects of consonant manner of articulation and intonation type on F0 in English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Multiple effects of consonant manner of articulation and intonation type on F0 in English
		In this study we examine how consonant manner of articulation interacts with intonation type in shaping the F0 contours in English.
		Native speakers of American English read aloud words differing in vowel length, consonant manner of articulation and consonant position in word.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/yi/Xu_Wallace_ASA2004.html (226 words)

	Interactive Sagittal Section
		Use the radio buttons to change voicing, nasality, lip position, and tongue position.
		To move the tongue, you need to specify both manner and place of articulation.
		Not all of the possible combinations of tongue and lip positions are used in speech; for example, if the tongue is making a stop, positioning the lips for a fricative will have no effect on the resulting sound.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html (98 words)

	The Manner of Articulation is a second Distinctive Feature for Consonants. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Manner of Articulation is a second Distinctive Feature for Consonants.
		What differs is the manner in which they are made.
		The first is the first (or last) sound in the word "church."
	www.csun.edu /~vcoao0el/de361/de361s71_folder/tsld058.htm (169 words)

	Lecture 9
		Describe consonants according to seven criteria: airstream mechanism, direction of airstream, state of glottis, place of articulation, manner of articulation, central or lateral articulation, nasal or oral articulation
		Using the IPA chart, identify sounds of the world's languages according to the above criteria
		Audio Examples for Place and Manner of Articulation
	www.unm.edu /~atneel/shs303/lec28_29.htm (64 words)

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