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	C.G.E.Mannerheim, the Marshal of Finland — Virtual Finland
		Mannerheim took part in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 as a staff officer in the Nezhinski Dargoon Regiment and was promoted to colonel in the battlefield.
		Mannerheim returned to a country which had recently declared its independence, but was torn by revolutionary disturbances and with 40 000 Russian troops still in the country.
		Mannerheim could foresee the trouble Finland, whose independence was not yet generally acknowledged, would face by being too friendly with Germany, which was losing the war.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/mannerheim.html (0 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mannerheim was born in the Grand Duchy of Finland to a notable Finnish noble family that had migrated during the 17th century to Sweden-Finland from the Netherlands.
		Mannerheim's grandfather, Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (1797-1854), was a renowned entomologist, and served as President of the Viipuri Court of Appeal.
		Due to the worsened economic situation of the family, Mannerheim was sent to the school of the Finnish Cadet Corps in Hamina in 1882, at the age of 15.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=C.G.E._Mannerheim (5046 words)

	Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mannerheim was born in the Grand Duchy of Finland to a notable Finnish noble family that had migrated during the 17th century to Sweden-Finland from the Netherlands.
		Mannerheim's grandfather, Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (1797-1854), was a renowned entomologist, and served as President of the Viipuri Court of Appeal.
		Mannerheim's close friend, General Rudolf Walden, was sent as a representative of the headquarters in the Cabinet from 3 December 1939 till 27 March 1940 after which he became the defence minister for the next cabinet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim (4621 words)

	Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mannerheim was born in Louhisaari Manor in Askainen to a Finland-Swedish family of partially Dutch ancestry that had been ennobled in 1768.
		Mannerheim was thus out of the country during the last, fateful period of the civil war, a time of mass deaths as a result of disease and starvation in prison camps and of lengthy trials.
		Mannerheim bought Kirkniemi Manor in Lohja and intended to spend his retirement there, but in 1947 he had an ulcer operated on and it was recommended that he should travel to the Valmont sanatorium in Montreux, Switzerland to recuperate and write his memoirs.
	www.search.com /reference/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim (3460 words)

	::Carl Gustaf Mannerheim::
		Mannerheim was to command Finland’s military during the Winter War from 1939-1940 when Russia attacked after her occupation of eastern Poland at the start of World War Two.
		Mannerheim took part in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 and was promoted to colonel in the battlefield.
		As well as fighting a military campaign against the Russians, Mannerheim was also concerned that Finland should not be seen as being pro-Germany and as a result of this he developed a political role as well as his military one.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /carl_gustaf_mannerheim.htm (0 words)

	C.G. Mannerheim
		Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was born of a wealthy and distinguished Finland-Swedish family at Louhisaari Manor in Askainen, north of Turku.
		Mannerheim's early life was shadowed by the death of her mother and problems in the family's financial situation.
		Mannerheim's reputation among the beaten left was shadowed by the 'White terror' during the war and mass death in prison camps, although he had opposed the mass imprisonment of Reds.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /cgmanner.htm (0 words)

	About the Mannerheim-museum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mannerheim, who lost his childhood home in early youth and travelled much in his adult life, was very attached to the villa at Kaivopuisto.
		In 1957 the Mannerheim Foundation was able to purchase the house and part of the land from the owner.
		There are gifts and formal addresses which Mannerheim received from both the State and the citizens of Finland, and serve to remind us of his work for the nation, a contribution he made not only in the military and political field but also in the humanitarian field.
	www.mannerheim-museo.fi /mus_eng.htm (581 words)

	The St. Petersburg Times - Top Stories - 2 Nations Claim War Hero
		In 1896, holding the rank of lieutenant, Mannerheim was appointed a junior assistant to Tsar Nicholas II at his coronation in Moscow.
		Mannerheim had a rare ability to reconcile the national interests of a small, northern country with those of the great powers.
		Mannerheim was sufficiently broad-minded in regard to the affairs of the great powers, to refuse to actively participate in the Siege of Leningrad or to cut traffic connections to Murmansk.
	www.sptimes.ru /index.php?action_id=2&story_id=2575 (982 words)

	The history of the Mannerheim Line, Part 1
		The history of the Mannerheim Line dates back to the days of the Finnish civil war (also known as the War of Independence) when the Finnish Commander In Chief of the White Army, General C.G.Mannerheim, began to make plans about the defense of the Karelian Isthmus (also in the text as just "Isthmus") against Russia.
		It was finished and delivered to Mannerheim's HQ on June 1st 1918.
		The plan was eventually ignored, as Mannerheim resigned from the position of CinC on May 29th, shortly after the plan was ready.
	www.winterwar.com /M-Line.htm (2026 words)

	WW2DB: Carl G. E. Mannerheim
		Mannerheim crossed the border at around the time of Finland's independence, and was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Republic on 16th of January, 1918, in time to lead the White armies in the Finnish Civil War.
		Mannerheim spent most of his time in the Winter War in his headquarters, commanding the movement of troops, and was seen to be so fanatical about controlling everything on his own that even the Prime Minister visited him there to get reports on the military side of the war.
		However, Mannerheim's political sense did not fail him, he was elected president of Finland in 1944, being seen as the strongest candidate for unity, to lead Finland through the end of the war.
	ww2db.com /person_bio.php?person_id=70 (1710 words)

	Fire and Ice: History
		As Mannerheim was forced to move Finnish troops from this region to assist on the Isthmus, the Finnish forces in the area were approximately 50,000.
		Mannerheim ordered the Finnish troops to move to the U Position which was a smaller defensive line located to the north.
		Marshall Mannerheim, his commanders, the common foot soldiers, and all Finns know that what was to take place in the coming days would either save or lose the sovereignty of their country.
	www.wfyi.org /fireandice/history/continuation44.htm (2711 words)

	Carl Mannerheim
		Mannerheim was known to be an opponent of democracy and parliamentary government and unsurprisingly failed to win election as president in July 1919.
		Mannerheim retired from the army but in 1931 was recalled as head of the defence council.
		Mannerheim was appointed by decree and not elected, as is customary.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWmannerheim.htm (1181 words)

	Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Summary
		Mannerheim's first task was to disarm the more than 40,000 Russian soldiers still on Finnish soil to prevent them from joining the rebel forces, who already outnumbered his own.
		Mannerheim meanwhile labored to erect a republic of Finland free of German and Soviet ties.
		Mannerheim was christened Carl Gustaf Emil, but was called by his middle name Gustaf (in Finnish Kustaa) and throughout his whole life he signed his private letters Gustaf or G. Besides his native language, Swedish, he also spoke Finnish, Russian, French, German, English and Polish.
	www.bookrags.com /Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim (4774 words)

	IDP OTHER COLLECTIONS
		Mannerheim also met the trustees of Finland's National Museum, the Antell trustees, who were keen to acquire historical manuscripts and artefacts relating to the languages and cultures of the region.
		Mannerheim's expedition diary was published in 1940, in English, Finnish and Swedish editions, as Volume 1 of Across Asia from West to East.
		Mannerheim lived in the seaside house where the museum is housed from 1924 until his death in 1951 and filled it with furniture, decorative arts and crafts acquired during his travels.
	idp.bl.uk /pages/collections_other.a4d (0 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Mannerheim,
		Mannerheim, Carl Gustav Emil, Baron von (1867–1951) Finnish military leader and statesman.
		Mannerheim, Carl Gustav Emil von (1867–1951) Finnish statesman and general, president (1944–46).
		He served in the Russian army and was a general in World War I. After the Russian Revolution (1917), he returned to Finland and led the anti-Bolshevik forces in the civil war.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Mannerheim, (758 words)

	Exhibition for Mannerheim in St. Petersburg / All culture news of St. Petersburg / Petersburg CITY / Guide to St. ...
		The exhibition is perhaps not so much a rehabilitation as an honourable homecoming to a country that Mannerheim served for more than a third of his life.
		The symbolic nature of the opening of the exhibition on Tuesday was underscored by the presence of former President Mauno Koivisto, Chief of Defence Juhani Kaskeala, and Mannerheim’s aide-de-camp Rafael Bдckman.
		Mannerheim seems to be experiencing a renaissance of sorts in St. Petersburg.
	petersburgcity.com /news/culture/2005/02/02/mannerheim (713 words)

	Exordio - Segunda Guerra Mundial - Biografías - Gustaf Mannerheim
		Hereditariamente, Mannerheim fue Barón, debido a ser hijo menor, aunque algunas veces el pueblo lo llamó conde, título que le correspondía a los descendientes mayores.
		Mannerheim se casó con Anastasia Arapova, de ascendencia rusa el 2 de mayo de 1892.
		Para entonces, Mannerheim era de hecho el líder de Finlandia a pesar de que durante décadas sus disputas entre el gobierno fueron de dominio público y luego fue elegido Presidente de Finlandia.
	exordio.com /1939-1945/personajes/mannerheim.html (1346 words)

	Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1867-1951)
		A former officer in the Russian Imperial Army, Gustaf Mannerheim went on to lead the Finnish White Army during the War of Independence.
		Mannerheim was born on his family's estate family estate at Louhisaari in Askainen, near Helsinki, on 4 June 1867.
		Mannerheim died 27 January 1951, in Lausanne, Switzerland.
	www.henkimaa.nu /finndex/henkilot/mannerheim.html (104 words)

	FMP - 4.6.1942
		Mannerheim was highly appreciated Finnish officer already in Imperial Russian Army and by 1917 he commanded Cavalry Corps as Lieutenant General.
		Mannerheim was soon called to lead victorous White Army against the revolutionary communists (the Reds) in Finnish Civil War in the winter and spring 1918 and was promoted to Cavalry General.
		During the WW II Mannerheim was without doubt one of the most experienced and honoured military leaders in the world partly because of his aristocratic and sophisticated manners and high educational level.
	www.geocities.com /finnmilpge/fmp_4_6_1942.html (1357 words)

	The Great War Society: This Month's Great War Veteran
		A measure of the importance of CGE Mannerheim to the history of modern, independent Finland is the fact the the main boulevard of Finland's capital, Helsinki is named after him.
		Mannerheim was a Finn who served in the Russian Army for thirty years starting in 1887.
		As President, Mannerheim was compelled to wage a short, but bloody, war against his former German allies and then reach accommodations with Stalin to maintain a semblance of independence for Finland.
	www.worldwar1.com /tgws/thismonthmanner.htm (0 words)

	Mannerheim Gustav Switzerland
		Marshal and statesman Mannerheim is one of Finland's most popular historical figures, incarnating the heroic resistance of the Finnish people against Stalin's attack in 1939-1940.
		Mannerheim was assisted by Colonel Passonen, former director of information services, who had also settled in Montreux.
		Unfortunately, Mannerheim did not complete his memoirs before his death on January 28, 1951 in Lausanne.
	switzerland.isyours.com /e/celebrities/bios/82.html (0 words)

	Finland and the Second World War
		Finnish defences were gradually overwhelmed and on 4th September 1944, Mannerheim, now president of Finland, was forced to sign a peace treaty with Joseph Stalin.
		Faced with the threat of war, the Soviet government proposed that the USSR and Finland sign a mutual assistance pact and the border between the two countries on the Karelian isthmus be moved westwards as a compensation for which the USSR would cede to Finland a far larger territory of South Karelia.
		Mannerheim held no office in the administration and thus had no responsibility for the treaty keeping Finland in the war which Ribbentrop negotiated with Ryti two months ago.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWfinland.htm (2400 words)

	CULTURE and HISTORY: Marshal C.G.E. Mannerheim (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They were incorporated into Mikkeli's coat-of-arms to mark Mannerheim's 75th birthday in 1942 and in 1944, after the war had ended, he granted permission for a Cross of Liberty Class IV with ribbon to added to the coat of arms in commemoration of the years that the headquarters had been located in the town.
		General Mannerheim, as he then was, also stayed at the hotel, which was destroyed in an air raid in 1940.
		Field-Marshal Mannerheim, who had been a general in the Imperial Russian army, was affectionately called "Marski".
	www.publiscan.fi /cu03e-8.htm (689 words)

	Baron Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim - Encyclopedia.com
		Mannerheim, Baron Carl Gustav Emil, 1867-1951, Finnish field marshal and president of Finland (1944-46).
		Of a distinguished Swedish-Finnish family in Russian-controlled Finland, Mannerheim rose to the rank of general in the czarist army.
		The Mannerheim Line, a fortified line of defense across the Karelian Isthmus, was planned by him.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Mannerhe.html (308 words)

	Welcome to the Mannerheim League for Child Welfare - MLL
		It promotes the wellbeing of children and of families with children, increases respect for childhood and seeks to make it more visible, and sees that children's views are taken into account in public decision-making.
		The Mannerheim League is the largest child welfare organization in Finland.
		The Mannerheim League's patrons are Tarja Halonen, the President of Finland, and her husband Pentti Arajärvi.
	www.mll.fi /in_english (0 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		Carl Gustaf Mannerheim was born on 4 June 1867 on the family estate of Louhisaari.
		In 1904-1905 Mannerheim volunteered to serve in the Russo-Japanese War and was promoted to the rank of colonel for his demonstrated heroism.
		During the Second World War Mannerheim headed the government and was forced to conclude an alliance with Germany, however he refused to lead his troops in the storming of Leningrad.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/04/2005/hm4_1_96.html (622 words)

	Mannerheim Gustav Suiza (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Marshal and statesman Mannerheim is one of Finland's most popular historical figures, incarnating the heroic resistance of the Finnish people against Stalin's attack in 1939-1940.
		Mannerheim was assisted by Colonel Passonen, former director of information services, who had also settled in Montreux.
		Unfortunately, Mannerheim did not complete his memoirs before his death on January 28, 1951 in Lausanne.
	www.switzerland.isyours.com /s/celebridades/bios/82.html (374 words)

	Finland for Thought » Was Mannerheim gay?… \| Politics, current events, culture - In Finland & United States ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mannerheim stands out as having insisted, every step along his ascendancy to the pinnacle of power in Finland, that lawful parliamentary steps be taken.
		Mannerheim wanted us to choose a Danish prince in the way Norway had done and had he had his way, we would have monarchs who are cousins to the Norwegian monarchs and a constitutional monarchy, which would still be a democracy.
		Mannerheim was such a key actor in Finland’s development for democracy that he could have ruined everything if he had wanted to.
	www.finlandforthought.net /2006/03/09/was-mannerheim-gay (8254 words)

	blog.myspace.com/12495487
		Mannerheim replied briefly in German and unofficial discussions continued during and after a long meal.
		Mannerheim was said to be furious, so much so that he threatened (most likely idly) to let up the Northern front.
		As Marshal C.G.E. Mannerheim surveyed the situation map in front of him he could be forgiven for thinking the situation was desperate.
	blog.myspace.com /12495487 (3279 words)

	MANNERHEIM, Carl Gustaf Emil, Baron
		In his youth he entered the Russian army and served in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. In 1917, at the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, Mannerheim returned to Finland and organized the White Guards, who were allied with the nationalists against the Bolsheviks in the Finnish civil war of 1918.
		As a leading figure in Finland’s fight for independence, he was regent of the new nation in 1918–19.
		He was made field marshal in 1933 and planned the fortified line of defense across the 113-km (70-mi) neck of the Karelian Isthmus that was known as the Mannerheim line.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ma034500.a (433 words)

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