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Topic: Mannitol

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	Mannitol Treatment
		Mannitol, an inert sugar, is a selective, strong diuretic which exclusively reduces the intracellular water retention.
		The Mannitol is helpful in counteracting the neuroinflammation in postoperative stage, and specifically in patients who cannot tolerate the inflammatory response against hardware inserted surgically.
		As the Mannitol has a tendency to crystallize, the IV should be applied in 1-1 ½ hours.
	www.rsdrx.com /mannitol.htm (1606 words)

	ROQUETTE : world’s leader of polyols - an extensive range of high-quality starch derivatives for the whole ...
		Le mannitol est le constituant essentiel de la manne, exsudat sucré du frêne.
		Le mannitol est le moins soluble et le moins hygroscopique des polyols cristallisés.
		Le mannitol peut également être associé à un sirop de glucose hydrogéné comme le LYCASIN® pour faire des sucres cuits à durée de vie améliorée, ce qui permet de les conserver dans des emballages conventionnels.
	www.polyols-sorbitol-mannitol-xylitol-maltitol.com (1124 words)

	Calorie Control Council \| Reduced-Calorie Sweeteners: Mannitol
		Mannitol is a polyol (sugar alcohol) widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its unique functional properties.
		Mannitol is found in abundance in nature, particularly in exudates from trees, and in marine algae and fresh mushrooms.
		Mannitol is slowly absorbed from the intestinal tract.
	www.caloriecontrol.org /mannitol.html (761 words)

	mannitol (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In emergency care, mannitol is used in the treatment of closed head injury to decrease cerebral edema and intracranial pressure, and in the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances.
		Mannitol may crystalize at low temperatures (~7.8 C) and may need to be warmed in boiling water until clear (cool to body temperature before use).
		The use of mannitol and its dosages in emergency care are controversial.
	www.templejc.edu /dept/ems/drugs/mannitol.html (162 words)

	616. Mannitol (WHO Food Additives Series 21)
		MANNITOL EXPLANATION Mannitol was evaluated for acceptable intake at the tenth, eighteenth, twentieth, and twenty-ninth meetings of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (Annex 1, references 13, 35, 41, and 70).
		Special studies on mutagenicity Mannitol was non-mutagenic in a host-mediated assay in mice using Salmonella typhimurium G46 and TA1530 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D3, in a cytogenic assay in rat bone marrow, and in human W1-38 cells (Green, 1977).
		administration of mannitol is practiced for induction of diuresis in oliguria, for forced diuresis in poisoning cases, or to measure the extracellular fluid compartment.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v21je10.htm (3427 words)

	Mannitol
		Mannitol is reportedly stable when mixed with cisplatin for a short period of time, but advanced premixing of the drugs should be avoided because of a complex that may form between the two drugs.
		Mannitol may have a nephro-protective effect by preventing the concentration of nephrotoxins from accumulating in the tubular fluid.
		Mannitol therapy should be stopped if progressive heart failure, pulmonary congestion, progressive renal failure or damage (including increasing oliguria and azotemia) develop after mannitol therapy is instituted.
	www.elephantcare.org /Drugs/mannitol.htm (1004 words)

	Fluid Physiology: 8.5 Hypertonic Mannitol Infusions
		Mannitol does not cross the blood brain barrier so an elevated plasma osmolality due to a infusion of hypertonic mannitol is effective in removing fluid from the brain.
		However, the therapeutic effect of mannitol is not dependent on a specific action at damaged areas of the brain but rather on a global effect in decreasing intracranial fluid volume and intracranial pressure so this has little relevance for a first dose of mannitol and especially if definitive surgical treatment is successful.
		The effect of mannitol for this use is aided by maintenance of adequate intravascular volume and by urinary alkalinisation (by administration of IV sodium bicarbonate).
	www.anaesthesiamcq.com /FluidBook/fl8_5.php (705 words)

	Mannitol (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mannitol is a hexahydric alcohol that is used as an osmotic
		The presence of mannitol increases osmolarity in renal tubular fluids causing water to be retained, hence the diuresis.
		Mannitol should not be used in patients that are severely dehydrated, have suspected intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary congestion.
	www.petplace.com /drug-library/mannitol/page1.aspx (762 words)

	Physicochemical Characterization of the Freezing Behavior of Mannitol—Human Serum Albumin Formulations
		The formulations with 2.5% mannitol and 2.0% mannitol–0.5% stabilized HSA showed nearly identical transition temperatures at –26°C and –30°C and crystallization with an onset of –25°C. At equal amounts of mannitol and stabilized HSA in the solution, mannitol crystallization was completely suppressed and only 1 Tg’ at –35.2°C remained (curve not shown in Figure 1).
		The lower crystallization enthalpy for mannitol as a single component could be explained by the fact that mannitol had the chance to crystallize during the cooling scan, seen by an exothermal peak at –40°C (data not shown).
		After the temperature was increased to –20°C, corresponding to an annealing step, mannitol crystallized in the δ modification, which was apparent by the peak at 9.7° 2-θ and 20.4° 2-θ and the absence of a signal at 17.9° 2-θ (Figure 8A).
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt070494 (4551 words)

	Mannitol IV (Mannitol Injection) drug description - prescription drugs and medications at RxList
		Mannitol I.V. (Mannitol Injection, USP) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution of mannitol in water for injection available in concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% in flexible plastic containers and 25% in a Fliptop vial for administration by intravenous infusion only.
		When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded.
		Mannitol Injection, USP is a parenteral obligatory osmotic diuretic.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/mannitol.htm (290 words)

	Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury
		Mannitol is sometimes effective in reversing acute brain swelling, but its effectiveness in the ongoing management of severe head injury remains unclear.
		There is evidence that, in prolonged dosage, mannitol may pass from the blood into the brain, where it might cause increased intracranial pressure.
		Mannitol therapy for raised ICP may have a beneficial effect on mortality when compared to pentobarbital treatment, but may have a detrimental effect on mortality when compared to hypertonic saline.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab001049.html (399 words)

	Effect of Vacuum Drying on Protein-Mannitol Interactions: The Physical State of Mannitol and Protein Structure in the ...
		Since all of the mannitol was present in the amorphous state in the 1:1 βLg:mannitol wt/wt ratio (from XRPD and PLM results), the heat of crystallization from this sample was used to calculate the amount of amorphous mannitol in other samples.
		To calculate the amount of amorphous mannitol and the exact ratio of protein to amorphous mannitol in the dried samples, percentage of amorphous mannitol was obtained by dividing the heat of crystallization obtained for 1:2 wt/wt and higher βLg:mannitol-containing samples by the heat of crystallization of the 1:1 wt/wt βLg:mannitol sample.
		At least part of amorphous mannitol was present in the single phase with the protein, and the MDSC studies indicated that the wt/wt ratio of the protein:amorphous mannitol is relatively fixed and is independent of the initial protein:mannitol wt/wt ratio in the dried samples.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt050110&pdf=yes (6825 words)

	Method for making mannitol with Lactobacillus intermedius - Patent 6855526 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mannitol is produced in a highly efficient fermentative method using Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-30560, or in a biochemical method using mannitol dehydrogenase isolated from this strain.
		Mannitol reduces the crystallization tendency of sugars and is used as such to increase the shelf-life of foodstuffs.
		Mannitol is used in medicine as a powerful osmotic diuretic and in many types of surgery for the prevention of kidney failure and to reduce dye and brain oedema.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6855526.html (3650 words)

	112 Mannogem Mannitol Powders
		Mannitol is the preferred excipient for chewable tablets due to its favorable mouthfeel.
		Mannitol does not undergo the Maillard reaction and therefore does not discolor in the presence of free amines.
		Mannitol Granular is the coarsest grade of mannitol.
	www.spipharma.com /ProductsFolder/112MannogemManitol/112MannogemPowders.html (569 words)

	Successful Treatment of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning With Intravenous Mannitol
		Mannitol was administered to patients over the age of 5 years if one or more of the following conditions was present: paresis, vomiting severe enough to warrant fluid replacement, diarrhea at a frequency greater than one time per 11/2 hours, muscle pain severely restricting ambulation, and hypotension requiring therapy.
		The mechanism of action of mannitol is obscure, but two attractive possibilities are that competitive inhibition occurs at the cell membrane or that one or more of the involved toxins is rendered inert.
		Treatment with mannitol, even if patients were severely debilitated and comatose, shortened the time of significant morbidity to less than 48 hours and also shortened hospital stays significantly compared with our experience with patients not treated with mannitol.
	www.rehablink.com /ciguatera/treat.htm (2420 words)

	Mannitol Powder, VitaBlend Mannitol and Super Mannitol
		Mannitol is a sugar which is commonly found in various plants.
		Mannitol is about 50% as sweet as sucrose and has a desirable cooling effect often used to mask bitter tastes.
		For this reason, Mannitol is often used as a dusting powder for chewing gum to prevent the gum from sticking to manufacturing equipment and wrappers.
	www.aonevitamins.com /powdered_vitamins_powdered_vitamins_mannitol.htm (310 words)

	Coughing during mannitol challenge is associated with asthma CHEST - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Coughs were recorded during the mannitol challenges, and the cough sensitivity was expressed as the cumulative number of coughs divided by the cumulative dose of mannitol.
		Furthermore, the measurement of the mannitol-provoked coughing may be useful both in the diagnosis of asthma as well as in the assessment of the effects of an anti-inflammatory therapy on this common disorder.
		It might simply be due to the nonrespirable, large particles of mannitol powder, which impact in the upper airways during inhalation, causing nonspecific mechanical irritation of the laryngeal rapidly adapting receptors (RAR).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_6_125/ai_n6151115 (846 words)

	The Use of Mannitol in Dogs and Cats
		Mannitol is an injectable medication used in a hospital setting to rid the body of excess fluid, especially in the brain and eyes.
		Mannitol is available by prescription and is usually used in a hospital setting.
		Mannitol is excreted through the kidneys where it does not allow water or certain electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, or calcium) to be resorbed as readily, causing the body to produce more urine.
	www.peteducation.com /article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1460&articleid=1434 (438 words)

	MALTISORB® maltitol, NEOSORB® sorbitol, PEARLITOL® mannitol, XYLISORB® xylitol, LYCASIN® ...
		ROQUETTE is the world’s largest producer of polyols, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol.
		Mannitol, a distinctive dusting powder for sugar-free chewing-gum
		Polyols, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, hydrogenated glucose syrups,sugar free sweeteners
	www.roquette.com /eng/products/polyolsmaltitolmannitolsorbitolxylitol.htm (315 words)

	INTRAMED MANNITOL 25% m/v INJECTION
		The tubular impermeability to mannitol is not altered by acute renal ischemia of short duration.
		Mannitol should not be given to patients with pulmonary congestion or oedema, intracranial bleeding, congestive heart failure, or to dehydrated patients.
		For the reduction of intracranial pressure and brain mass prior to neurosurgery, or for the reduction of intraoccular tension during an acute attack of congestive glaucoma or for ophthalmic surgery, is 1,5 to 2 g/kg given as a 15%, 20% or 25% solution over a period of 30 to 60 minutes.
	home.intekom.com /pharm/intramed/manitl25.html (544 words)

	Roquette Announces a Continuous Commitment to Mannitol Development - Pharmaceutical Technology
		This expansion of Roquette's polyol capabilities adds Mannitol to its US manufacturing facility, which is already producing Maltitol, Sorbitol and other new products, to meet the continued growth needs of the health food and pharmaceutical excipient markets.
		Mannitol is one of the sugar alcohols or polyols available and has been used in diverse applications for a number of years.
		Mannitol has many virtues and numerous uses in the food industry, but it has been in the pharmaceutical and health industry that this product has excelled.
	www.pharmaceutical-technology.com /contractors/excipients/roquette/press1.html (633 words)

	Mannitol Salt Agar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mannitol salt agar is a selective and differential medium used for the isolation of staphylococci from clinical and nonclinical materials.
		Mannitol salt agar is a nutritive medium due to its content of peptones and beef extract, which supply essential growth factors, such as nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and trace nutrients.
		Mannitol fermentation alone is not used for the presumptive identification of Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis.
	dentistry.ouhsc.edu /intranet-Web/Courses/DMI_8351/MannSalt.html (274 words)

	Roles for mannitol and mannitol dehydrogenase in active oxygen-mediated plant defense -- Jennings et al. 95 (25): 15129 ...
		Roles for mannitol and mannitol dehydrogenase in active oxygen-mediated plant defense -- Jennings et al.
		Roles for mannitol and mannitol dehydrogenase in active oxygen-mediated plant defense
		Mannitol Is Required for Stress Tolerance in Aspergillus niger Conidiospores
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/95/25/15129 (586 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Production of Mannitol by Fermentation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Technical Abstract: Mannitol, a naturally occurring polyol or sugar alcohol, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, medicine, and chemical industries.
		Several heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria are excellent producers of mannitol using fructose as an electron acceptor.
		Recent progress in the production of mannitol by fermentation and using enzyme technology as well as downstream processing of mannitol are described.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=141837 (254 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Analysis of Mannitol Dehydrogenase Gene Mtlk from ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this study, the gene encoding mannitol-2-dehydrogenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose to mannitol, was cloned from L. brevis using genomic PCR.
		In this study, the gene mtlK encoding mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.67) that catalyzes the conversion of fructose to mannitol was cloned from L. brevis using genomic PCR.
		The functional mannitol 2 dehydrogenase was produced by overexpressing mtlK via pRSETa vector in E. coli BL21pLysS upon IPTG induction.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=164829 (477 words)

	Clinical Trial: Hypertonic Saline 75% Vs Mannitol 20%
		The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Hypertonic Saline 7.5% vs Mannitol 20% on brain bulk (using a 4 point scale), intracranial pressure (subdural catheter)and the changes on serum and urinary Na, K and Osmolarity during elective craniotomy for brain tumor resection.
		Currently, Mannitol 20% is routinely used intra-operatively in these patients to reduce brain bulk and intracranial pressure and to improve brain operating conditions.
		Mannitol causes a diuresis which may lead to systemic hypovolemia and hypotension, and adverse changes in serum and urinary sodium, potassium and osmolarity.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/gui/show/NCT00199511?order=3 (600 words)

	News - Use of Mannitol Questioned in Acute Stroke Treatment: Presented at ESC
		"Mannitol is used because it's thought to decrease brain oedema, because it is a free radical scavenger, and because it might improve the fluidity of the blood," said Daniel Bereczki, Professor of Neurology at University of Debrecen, in Debrecen, Hungary, while presenting a study here May 22
		Bereczki's team tried to test whether mannitol was indeed have post-stroke benefits by examining 804 patients who presented to hospital less than 72 hours following a stroke.
		Mannitol became non-significant, however, if LOC was substituted for SNSS in the analysis (P=0.11).
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D2E00636203 (559 words)

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