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Topic: Mantle (mollusc)

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	Mollusc - the large food & drink encyclopedia
		The mollusks or molluscs are the large and diverse phylum Mollusca, which includes a variety of familiar creatures well-known for their decorative shells or as seafood.
		Mollusks have a mantle, which is a fold of the outer skin lining the shell, and a muscular foot that is used for motion.
		Many mollusks have their mantle produce a calcium carbonate external shell and their gill extracts oxygen from the water and disposes waste.
	www.netmoon.com /recipes/encyclopedia/m/mollusc.html (272 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Mollusc
		Molluscs are highly successful in terms of ecology and adaptation, with representatives in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, but they are most diverse in the sea.
		At the posterior (rear) end of the idealized mollusc would be a groove or depression called the mantle cavity, with gills to each side of the anus, and openings to the kidneys and reproductive structures.
		The molluscs of the class Cephalopoda, which include octopuses, cuttlefish, and squid, are modified by reduction of the foot and shell and the development of arms around the mouth.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761572661__1/Mollusc.html (1086 words)

	Mollusc
		Molluscs are found on land and in salt and fresh water, and include SNAILS, ABALONE, CLAMS, MUSSELS, octopuses and squid.
		Molluscs, because of their diverse and often beautiful shell shapes, accessibility, and importance as food and disease vectors, have played important cultural and economic roles in human history.
		An important consequence of the shifting of the mantle cavity to the front was the potential for fouling the head region with rectal and kidney wastes.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?ArticleId=A0005366 (2277 words)

	Mantle (mollusc) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A mantle skirt is a double fold of mantle that encloses a water space.
		This space is called the mantle cavity, and it is a central feature of mollusk biology, containing the mollusk's gills, anus, osphradium, nephridiopores, and gonopores.
		The mantle cavity may function as a respiratory chamber (all mollusks), feeding structure (bivalves), brood chamber (several forms), or locomotory organ (cephalopods and some bivalves).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mantle_(mollusc) (364 words)

	mantle - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about mantle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The temperature of the mantle can be as high as 3,700°C/6,692°F. Heat generated in the core causes convection currents in the semi-liquid mantle; rock rises and then slowly sinks again as it cools, causing the movements of the tectonic plates.
		The mantle is composed primarily of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen in the form of silicate minerals.
		In the upper mantle, the silicon in silicate minerals, such as olivine, is surrounded by four oxygen atoms.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /mantle (524 words)

	Mantle (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mantle, a piece of clothing, similar to a robe but open on the front side.
		Mantle (geology) is a region in the interior of Earth or another planet.
		A mantle (mollusc) is an organ possessed by mollusks which is used to secrete their shells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mantle_(disambiguation) (195 words)

	MOLLUSCA - Online Information article about MOLLUSCA
		The shell extends to the edge of the mantle-fold, and the cavity between the mantle and the side of the body is the pallial chamber.
		Thus in the primitive mollusc the mantle-cavity contains a symmetrical group of structures at the posterior end of the body, and this group of structures is called the pallial complex.
		The ventral cords are the pedal, the dorso-lateral, the pleural, the former innervating the foot, the latter the mantle.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MIC_MOL/MOLLUSCA.html (6041 words)

	Architype Mollusc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Looking at the molluscs for the first time it is difficult to see much in common between a relatively immotile clam or oyster and a fast-swimming pelagic squid.
		All molluscs can theoretically be derived from this generalized plan consisting of these three main body regions: the head-foot, the visceral mass, and the mantle-shell.
		Modern shells are several layers thick with new shell being secreted by the mantle along its edges and also beneath the existing shell so that it becomes larger and thicker as the mollusc grows.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~biol240/labs/lab_18molluscs/pages/architype.html (668 words)

	Palaeos Invertebrates: Mollusca: Mollusc Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mantle man’tle (L mantellum=a cloak, mantle) A soft, fleshy sheet of tissue that surrounds the mollusk's body and lines the inner surface of the shell.
		Nephridium ne-phrid’I-um (Gr nephros= a kidney) one of the tubular renal organs of the molluscs.
		Ventral ven’tral (L venter=the belly) Of, pertaining to, or situated on, the lower side of a dorsoventral organism; on the apertural surface of a gastropod shell; the edge remote from the hinge in a bivalve; the ventral margin is opposite the umbones.
	www.palaeos.com /Invertebrates/Molluscs/glossary.html (3527 words)

	Mollusc showcase (bivalves)
		Molluscs live in the sea, in fresh water and on land.
		Bivalves have two shells, snails have a single shell which is spirally coiled, scaphopods have a single tube-formed shell, and shell-bearing cephalopods have a straight or planary spiral-shaped shell.
		Two tubes channel water to and from the mantle cavity, where there is a single pair of large gills.
	www.toyen.uio.no /palmus/galleri/montre/english/m_blotdyr1_e.htm (406 words)

	mollusca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This is the "active" region of a mollusc and is where the mouth, "brain", and locomotor organs (i.e.
		The mantle is a sheath of skin-like material that extend across the top of the visceral mass and provides protection for the delicate body.
		Molluscs and the remaining phyla are true coelomates or, eucoelomates, because the coelom is completely lined with peritoneum (mesoderm tissue).
	www.swsd.k12.pa.us /~Todd_Barshinger/module/mollusca.htm (441 words)

	Mantle - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Earth's mantle is the region in the interior of Earth that lies between 30-35 km and 2 900 km below the surface.
		A mantle is an organ possessed by molluscs which is used to secrete their shells.
		A mantle (also mantel) is the stone or wood beam that serves as a support for the structure above a fireplace.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Mantle (236 words)

	The Phylum Mollusca
		In the superfamily Conoidea, which includes the Cones and the largest family in the mollusc world, the Turridae, the radula is specialized into a form of miniature "harpoon", which is used to spear prey, and in many cases, to deliver powerful neurotoxins, to paralyze their hapless victims.
		mantle gutter cavity on either side of the body are five or six pairs of gills, however, filaments only exist on one side of the gill axis.
		mantle cavity is large and extends the entire length of the ventral surface of the scaphopod.
	www.manandmollusc.net /advanced_introduction/advanced_intro_printable.html (12734 words)

	MOLLUSCA - LoveToKnow Article on MOLLUSCA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The dorsal border of this groove is extended outwards and downwards as a fold of the integument.
		There is some confusion of terms here: some writers call the free fold the mantle or pallium, and this is the proper use of the term; but others apply the term to the whole of the dorsal integument, including both the projecting fold and the part covering the viscera.
		They invariably disappear before the adult stage is reached, but their presence in the larva is evidence that the ancestral mollusc possessed a pair of true nephridia quite distinct from the coelomic excretory organs, which are so characteristic of existing forms in the adult condition.
	www.1911ency.org /M/MO/MOLLUSCA.htm (7483 words)

	PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
		This epidermis is called the mantle and the shell may be secreted externally as in most molluscs, or internally such as in cephalopods and terrestrial slugs and sea hares.
		Molluscs are an extremely diverse group which has caused difficulty in determining their evolutionary relationships with other groups.
		In terrestrial molluscs, the mantle cavity is heavily vascularized and serves as a primitive lung.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/322/IZLecture26.htm (2407 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Of particular interest in the Molluscs is the divergence in body plan that is present among the different classes.
		The mantle has been modified into an incurrent and excurrent siphon to bring water past the gills, which are also the primary feeding organ.
		Cephalopods are all active predators, eating fish, worms, other molluscs, crustaceans, etc. They are all marine, with the food modified into the head region, tentacles, and the funnel that is used to direct water flow during "jet" propulsion when water is forced out of the mantle cavity.
	biology.dbs.umt.edu /introbio/104_mollusc.htm (939 words)

	Pearl Formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The mantle—a fleshy organ that envelops the mollusc's soft, fluid body—secretes layer upon layer of the mineral aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate, and the protein conchiolin.
		But if a piece of the mantle gets pushed or dragged—by a dying shrimp, for instance—into the body of the mollusc itself, the mantle gradually encases the object within a nacreous tomb.
		But only molluscs whose shells are lined with mother-of-pearl, most notably some species of saltwater oysters and freshwater clams, produce round pearls with the translucence and lustre prized by gem hunters since the Bronze Age.
	www.levendi.com /form.htm (230 words)

	Mollusc Evolution and Origin
		Flatworm relative proponents assert that molluscs are coelomate, but instead of being derived from the hydrostat of molluscs, have had the solid mesenchyme of flatworms undergo cavity formation as a means of providing sinuses for fluid transport.
		If molluscs come from a flatworm ancestor, then they must acquire a through-gut and a means of distributing the foodstuffs to the rest of the body-thus a circulatory system of some type is a necessity.
		The modified turbellarian theory suggests that annelids and molluscs were derived from a common stem with its root in the turbellarian taxon.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/322/IZLecture30.htm (7092 words)

	answer03
		Between the mantle and the visceral mass posteriorly is a mantle cavity, in which lie specialized ciliated gills or ctenidia.
		The ventral head-foot, a visceral mass with a posterior mantle cavity, and overlying mantle and shells appear at first glance to be close to this model.
		In summary, the"model mollusc" is a useful concept to highlight the common features of the molluscs, even if it does not fully explain all of the features seen in today's molluscan species.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/library/crone/3050/answer03.html (694 words)

	Gastropoda
		This group includes all the gastropods that respire by means of gills and in which the mantle cavity, gill and anus are located at the anterior of the body.
		The mantle extends through this opening or slit, forming a siphon through which the inhalent water is sucked.
		Their shell and mantle edges are held tightly against the substratum except for a small gap on each side of the anterior (i.e., forward-facing) region.
	www.manandmollusc.net /advanced_introduction/moll101gastropoda.html (7816 words)

	Mollusc showcase (gastropods)
		The tentaculitids are an extinct group of molluscs.
		The Hyolithids are an extinct group of molluscs.
		They are highly evolved molluscs, with a large brain, good eyes and well developed tentacles.
	www.toyen.uio.no /palmus/galleri/montre/english/m_blotdyr2_e.htm (546 words)

	Glossary of Pearl Terminology
		Process of inserting a hard bead nucleus or piece of soft mantle tissue into a mollusc body or mantle of the mollusc.The nucleus or mantle tissue serves as the 'seed' to irritate the mollusc to produce a pearl.
		Mantle - The thin tissue membrane that attaches a mussel to the inside of its shell.
		For freshwater pearl cultivation, the nucleus usually is a shaped piece of mantle from another freshwater mussel.
	jewelrymaking.allinfoabout.com /features/pearlglossary.html (1133 words)

	Gastrpoda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Finally notice that the mantle cavity, with the large ctenidium, is now at the anterior of the gastropod instead of its ancestral posterior position.
		Repositioning of the mantle cavity is accomplished during the gastropod's development and is known as torsion.
		Zoologists suggest that the ancestral mollusc was probably a slow, bottom-dwelling animal that lived in shallow water and fed on fine, particulate material which it grazed off the rocks with its radula.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~biol240/labs/lab_18molluscs/pages/gastropods.html (1244 words)

	Mollusca Lecture 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The mantle skirt and opening into the mantle cavity are also visible.
		the mantle* lobes enclose a spacious mantle cavity
		The mantle contains endosymbiotic photosynthetic algae that contribute to the nutrition of the clam.
	www.lander.edu /rsfox/310mollusca-1Lec.html (2998 words)

	Bivalve Mollusks
		Water flows into the mantle cavity through the incurrent siphon, passes over the gills and then exits through the excurrent siphon.
		While most of these animals are slow moving and may spend their entire lives buried in mud, some species attach themselves to docks, rocks or other stationary objects.
		Take note of the mantle and the yellowish gills with their faint striations.
	home.earthlink.net /~wweinkle/clamdissection.htm (659 words)

	web page Oct 2 00
		The nucleus and mantle piece are inserted into a channel which is usually cut in the foot of the mollusc.
		The colour of pearls is dependent of the colour of the nacre on the inside of the mollusc in which it is grown, the position of the nucleus within the mollusc, the length of growing period and the quality of the water.
		The mantle is notched in many places and a tiny piece of mantle tissue is placed into each notch.
	www.nccn.net /~griffin/page9.html (1444 words)

	Gastropods
		The mantle cavity moves from the rear position and comes to rest over the head, facing forward towards incoming water.
		So inside the mantle cavity are the gills, anus and reproductive glands, which lie directly over the head.
		But the mantle cavity is designed so the poisonous wastes are quickly dispersed into the water and are quickly washed away from the mollusc.
	www.mesa.edu.au /friends/seashores/gastropods.html (336 words)

	Mussels (Bivalvia)
		The bivalves' mantle, as well as the shell, is present in two halves that lie on the inner side of the shell.
		Those giant bivalve molluscs are said to drown a diver by getting a hold on his foot with their shell halves.
		The giant clams with their very colourful mantle showing between the two enormous shell halves are a favourite photo motive for divers in those locations.
	www.weichtiere.at /Mollusks/Muscheln/haupt.html (1819 words)

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