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Topic: Mantoux test

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	Mantoux test
		In the ordinary test the subject is given a intradermal injection of a standard dose of tuberculin, with the aim of eliciting a skin reaction two to three days later.
		A positive reaction ('Mantoux positive' or 'significant') is marked by a induration and erythema of the skin.
		The test is named after Charles Mantoux, a French physician who developed on the work of Koch and Clemens von Pirquet[?] to create his test in 1907.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mantoux_test.html (200 words)

	EHS TB skin testing protocols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Testing is done at pre-placement, annually, after exposure to a person with infectious tuberculosis, for symptoms suggestive of TB, or upon request of the employee.
		Testing is done on an annual basis in order to (1) identify converters who are at risk for developing disease and (2) monitor the effectiveness of the institutional TB control program.
		The interpretation of a PPD reaction should be based on the purpose for which the test is given, the prevalence of TB infection in the population being tested, and the consequences of false classification.
	www.med.umich.edu /ehs/tbprot.htm (1712 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| BCG skin reaction in Mantoux-negative healthy children
		Mantoux test was given by injecting 0.1 ml (5 TU) of PPD intradermally on volar surface of left forearm.
		When the exaggerated BCG Test response cases in Group I were further evaluated for size of the induration, it was seen that 72% cases had induration between 6 to 8 mm (Refer to Table 2).
		A positive test may be of value after correlating it with the age of the child, nutrition, size of tuberculin test induration, history of contact and symptoms to diagnose and institute chemotherapy [1].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2334/5/19 (2946 words)

	Vaccine Check
		The Mantoux test is a skin test that is used to determine whether your daughter has been infected with tuberculosis bacteria.
		A positive test means that she has been infected with the TB bacteria; it does not necessarily mean that she has the disease.
		Testing is also indicated for children who have contact with a case of TB or a high-risk adult.
	www.vaccinecheck.com /vacinfo_4-6.jsp?vac=4-6 (1510 words)

	Tuberculin skin test Encyclopedia of Medicine - Find Articles
		Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
		For this reason, the tine test is not as widely used as the Mantoux test and is considered to be less reliable.
		Negative tests can be interpreted to mean that the person has not been infected with the tuberculosis bacteria or that the person has been infected recently and not enough time has elapsed for the body to react to the skin test.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0014/ai_2601001407 (1176 words)

	COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MANTOUX’S TEST
		Mantoux’s test and diagnostic BCG test were carried out on each patient simultaneously.
		Mantoux’s test is a simple screening test which can be used for selection of patients for further testing.
		For mantoux’s test 0.1 ml of purified protein derivative (equivalent to 5 tuberculin units) was injected 4 cm below the right elbow on a relatively vein free area of the volar surface of the arm intradermally, with the help of tuberculin syringe.
	www.ayubmed.edu.pk /JAMC/PAST/17-2/Anis.htm (1027 words)

	Tuberculin skin test
		Although the test is generally considered safe, it is important to inform the person conducting the test if the patient may be pregnant, has had a positive TB test in the past, or has had tuberculosis in the past.
		For this reason, the tine test is not as widely used as the Mantoux test and is considered to be less reliable; as of 2000, it is no longer recommended for general use.
		Negative test results can be interpreted to mean that the person has not been infected with the tuberculosis bacteria or that the person has been infected recently and not enough time has elapsed for the body to react to the skin test.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/tuberculin_skin_test_pr.jsp (2088 words)

	Health Services :: Center for Campus Wellness :: The College of New Jersey
		Two-Step Testing is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Tuberculosis Center as the initial test for those in a health care profession who will be retested periodically.
		Two-Step Testing is used to reduce the likelihood of a false negative test.
		A TB test will be performed regardless of whether or not you have had BCG in the past.
	www.tcnj.edu /~wellness/health/tbtesting.html (1241 words)

	Charles Mantoux (www.whonamedit.com)
		Charles Mantoux attended the University of Paris, a student of Pierre Paul Broca (1824-1880) — one of the founders of modern brain surgery — and the well-known pathologist and paediatrician Victor-Henri Hutinel (1849-1933).
		This was of great practical benefit with regards to public health, and he developed the test in the guinea pig for experimental studies of the rate of development of the allergic reaction.
		Mantoux also undertook radiological studies of tuberculosis and wrote extensively on pleural effusion, and on the fever of tuberculosis.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2379.html (377 words)

	Mantoux test
		The Heaf test is used in the United Kingdom and is endorsed by the British Thoracic Society.
		A negative test does not exclude active tuberculosis, especially if the test was done within six to eight weeks of acquiring the infection, if the infection is overwhelming, or if the patient is immunocompromised.
		QuantiFERON-TB is a blood test that measures the patientвЂ™s immune reactivity to the TB bacteria and is useful for initial and serial testing of persons with an increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).
	www.mrsci.com /Immunology/Mantoux_test.php (817 words)

	Mono-Vacc
		Mantoux tests were grouped as 0-4 mm negative, and 5 mm positive.
		The conclusion was the Tine test is unsuitable for epidemiologic use.
		However, the ease with which this test is applied would appear to more than compensate for the time spent in retesting with the Mantoux those who proved to be false positive.
	www.epi.hss.state.ak.us /bulletins/docs/b1979_12.htm (473 words)

	Boynton Health Service: Immunization Services
		This test involves placement of a purified protein derivative TST (Tuberculin Skin Test) to test for tuberculosis.
		The two-step test is important to establish the true baseline reaction when further tuberculin testing is required as part of contact tracing or monitoring of high risk groups.
		Two-step testing is used to avoid interpreting the effect of boosting as a new infection.
	www.bhs.umn.edu /services/webguide/ppd.htm (912 words)

	Tuberculin Skin Test Information on Healthline
		Besides culturing in the laboratory, the two most common types of tests to screen for exposure to this disease are the Mantoux PPD tuberculin skin test, which is generally considered the most reliable, and the older TB tine test, which is now rarely used.
		Although the test is generally considered safe, it is important to inform the person conducting the test if the patient may be pregnant, have had a positive TB test in the past, or have had tuberculosis in the past.
		Because it is not possible to precisely control the amount of tuberculin used in the tine test, a positive test should be verified using the Mantoux test.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/tuberculin-skin-test (790 words)

	TB Skin Test Rrequirements - Questions and Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		If skin test result is 10 mm or more of induration (positive), written indication of x-ray date and/or statement that the child is free of communicable TB is required.
		Students with a history of BCG must have a skin test unless the doctor certifies in writing that the child is free of communicable TB.
		The Mantoux test should be given prior to, or simultaneously with, any live vaccine (e.g., measles).
	www.lapublichealth.org /tb/skinreq.htm (320 words)

	[No title]
		The Mantoux test is the preferred and standard skin test for detecting TB.
		The basis for the Mantoux Test is T-cell responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens.
		The Mantoux test with 5 TU PPD is used to identify infected persons who might benefit from preventive therapy.
	www.lycos.com /info/mantoux-test.html (480 words)

	Tuberculin Skin Tests - [Medical Test] - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The PPD skin test uses a measured amount of TB antigens in a shot that is put under the top layer of skin on your forearm.
		A Mantoux test is a good test for a TB infection.
		It is often used when symptoms, screening, or testing, such as a chest X-ray, show that a person may have TB.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/medtest/hw203560/descrip.htm (221 words)

	Monmouth Junction Elementary School - Nurse - Mantoux Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Mantoux skin test is given by using a needle and syringe to inject 0.1 ml of 5 tuberculin units of liquid tuberculin between the layers of the skin (intradermally), usually on the forearm (Figure 3.1).
		The tuberculin used in the Mantoux skin test is also known as purified protein derivative, or PPD.
		With the Mantoux skin test, the patient's arm is examined 48 to 72 hours after the tuberculin is injected.
	www.sbschools.org /schools/mj/nurse/mantoux.php (199 words)

	Rowan University College of Education
		A Mantoux test would be invalid if you have been out of a school setting over six (6) months.
		A copy of your Mantoux test should be taken with you to any school in which you are placed.
		A copy of your current Mantoux test must be filed with the student health center.
	www.rowan.edu /colleges/education/ssc/ofe/mantoux.html (222 words)

	Mantoux test Immunology
		The Mantoux test is a skin test of tuberculosisinfection used in the United States and is endorsed by the American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
		The Mantoux test is one of the two major tuberculinskin tests for tuberculosisused in the world.
		The test is named after Charles Mantoux, a French physician who developed on the work of Koch and Clemens von Pirquetto create his test in 1907.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/immunology/mantoux_test.html (790 words)

	TUBERSOL
		The utility of the tuberculin test depends on the prevalance of infection with M. tuberculosis and to relative prevalence of cross-reaction with nontuberculous mycobacteria.
		Reactivity to the test may be depressed or suppressed for as long as 4 to 6 weeks in individuals who have had viral infections (rubeola, influenza, mumps and probably others) or in those who are receiving corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents.
		The Test: For the initial intracutaneous (Mantoux) tuberculin test it is customary to use 5 TU (bioequivalent) per dose (0.1 mL).
	www.whale.to /a/tubersol.html (2369 words)

	[No title]
		Skin tests — A positive Mantoux test can be observed, one to 3 months after infection.
		The test may be negative in almost 20 per cent patients with active disease if the disease is disseminated, or if the patient is immunocompromised or suffering from exanthematous fevers19.
		Bandaids, bandages and ointments can affect the test results, so it is important to keep the skin clear and uncovered (long sleeves and jumpers [sweaters] can be worn).
	www.lycos.com /info/mantoux-test--miscellaneous.html (389 words)

	The Children's Hospital at Westmead - Parents - Mantoux skin test
		This test is given by an injection between the layers of the skin, usually on the inside of the left forearm using a small sterile needle and syringe.
		The double test results will then be able to tell the difference between human tuberculosis infection and infection caused by a bacilli (atypical) found in the environment.
		If the test is positive then your child may need to have a chest X-ray and see a doctor or a nurse.
	www.chw.edu.au /parents/factsheets/ptmantoj.htm (520 words)

	DTBE - Publications - Self Study Modules - Archived Module 3 - Answers To Study Questions
		The Mantoux skin test is given by using a needle and syringe to inject 0.1 ml of 5 tuberculin units of liquid tuberculin between the layers of the skin (intradermally), usually on the forearm.
		Whether a reaction to the Mantoux tuberculin skin test is classified as positive depends on the size of the induration and the person's risk factors for TB.
		Two-step testing is used in many TB screening programs for skin testing employees when they start their job.
	www.cdc.gov /nchstp/TB/pubs/ssmodules/module3/ss3study.htm (2035 words)

	Tuberculin Skin Tests
		Other tests, such as a chest X-ray and sputum culture, may be done to confirm an active TB infection when a skin test is positive.
		Among hospital workers or others who have periodic skin tests, a second test done within a few weeks of a negative test may be positive, even though the person was not infected between the two tests.
		No more tests are needed for a person with a negative Mantoux test who has no symptoms of active infection and no history of being exposed to TB.
	www.webmd.com /hw/lab_tests/hw203560.asp (1608 words)

	Heaf test - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Until 2005, the test was used in the United Kingdom to determine if the BCG vaccine was needed; the Mantoux test is now used instead.
		The Heaf test was preferred in the UK, because it was felt that the Heaf test was easier to interpret, with less inter-observer variability, and that less training was required to administer and to read the test.
		The Mantoux test is preferred in the United States for the diagnosis of tuberculosis; multiple puncture tests, such as the Heaf test and Tine test, are not recommended.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heaf_test (439 words)

	PPD (Mantoux) Tuberculin Test Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Please note that a Tine or Monovac Test cannot be substituted for the PPD (Mantoux) Tuberculin Test.
		New students must be able to provide proof of a negative tuberculin test that was administered within 12 months of the beginning of their placement.
		In the case of returning students who have been tested previously, the results should be valid for 5 years in DE and MD. School nurses in PA will accept results only of tests administered within the last 12 months.
	www.udel.edu /teachered/sttch/forms/ppd.html (515 words)

	Tuberculosis
		The TB test (also called a PPD or Mantoux, and similar to the old Tine test) is designed to find those individuals who have been exposed to, and carry the bacterium that causes TB, but are not yet sick.
		The TB test is only designed to help diagnose those who have been infected with TB (most of whom are not sick and have no symptoms).
		The TB test involves injecting a small amount of a protein from the bacterium under the skin on the forearm.
	health.rutgers.edu /Immunizations/TB.htm (1309 words)

	TB Resources: Tuberculin Skin Test
		If the skin test reaction is negative, a person will only need to take the PPD skin test again if he/she is exposed to someone with active TB, has symptoms of TB, or if it is requirement for school or work.
		Remember, if a person with proof of a positive skin test reaction has symptoms of TB, or is in the close contact with someone who has an active case of tuberculosis, he/she should not have a skin test but should have a chest X-ray and exam.
		If a person with proof of positive skin test reaction is required to have TB testing for school or work, he/she should not have a skin test but should follow the requirements of the school or agency.
	www2.dmi.columbia.edu /resources/tbcpp/skintest.html (1101 words)

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