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	Manual labour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manual labour (or manual labor) is physical work done with the hands, especially in an unskilled job such as fruit and vegetable picking, road building, or any other field where the work may be considered physically arduous, and which has as a profitable objective, usually the production of goods.
		In ancient times the status of manual labourers was low, as most physical tasks were done by slaves.
		The reduction in status led to the worldwide labour movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the formation of trade unions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manual_labour (335 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Labour and Labour Legislation
		Their labour it was that built the Pyramids, the public works at Lake Moeris, and the Labyrinth; there, too, they were exploited to the limit of physical endurance, just as were the Hebrews by the Egyptian taskmasters of a later period.
		While it is very probably true that the poorest section of the manual workers of the later Middle Ages was in a happier condition materially than the poorest workers of to-day, it is also true that the latter have the advantage socially and politically.
		When we compare the condition and status of the labouring class during the best days of Greece and Rome with its condition and status to-day, we cannot doubt that the improvement is mostly due to Christianity, and that continued progress will be in proportion to the influence of Christian ideals in the social order.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08719a.htm (5692 words)

	Information for Social Change Journal (ISC)
		Labour is the core of capitalism, but today, in the developed world as we move into the knowledge revolution, there is a greater expenditure of intellectual labour and less expenditure of manual labour.
		Obviously, both forms of labour are needed, but in the knowledge revolution there is a greater expenditure of intellectual labour and less expenditure of manual labour.
		We have seen that labour, in its historically determinate function as a socially mediating activity, is the 'substance of value'; the determining essence of the social formation.
	libr.org /isc/articles/19-R.Rikowski-2.html (3503 words)

	Brain Work and Manual Work \| libcom.org
		Manual workers-not scientists nor trained engineers-have invented, or brought to perfection, the prime motors and all that mass of machinery which has revolutionised industry for the last hundred years.
		To the division of society into brainworkers and manual workers we oppose the combination of both kinds of activities; and instead of 'technical education,' which means the maintenance of the present division between brain work and manual work, we advocate the éducation intégrale, or complete education, which means the disappearance of that pernicious distinction.
		Most, of them despise manual work and prefer sending their children to the study of Roman history, or of Franklin's teachings about saving money, to seeing them at a work which is good for the 'lower classes only.' They thus do their best to render subsequent learning the more difficult.
	libcom.org /library/brain-manual-work-kropotkin (6539 words)

	Publications - Teaching material
		Manual de formación sindical para delegados de base de la industria de la construcción.
		This manual is intended as a tool for conceptual development in the discussion of workers’ training on the basis of competencies and its different aspects, both regarding the training itself and the management of work.
		Manual sobre derechos laborales de los trabajadores y trabajadoras rurales.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/region/ampro/cinterfor/publ/manuales (804 words)

	Labour units
		ccording to the Official History: "..although some labour units were raised and eventually labourers from various parts of the Empire and China were brought to France, the numbers were never at any period sufficient for the demands of a great army operating in a friendly country".
		An early solution to the vast demand for labour was to create in each infantry Division a battalion that would be trained and capable of fighting as infantry, but that would normally be engaged on labouring work.
		Labour Corps units were often deployed for work within range of the enemy guns, sometimes for lengthy periods.
	www.1914-1918.net /labour.htm (1216 words)

	Recreation - Manual Labour
		Each should acquire a knowledge of some branch of manual labour, by which, if need be, he may obtain a livelihood.
		Even if it were certain that one would never need to resort to manual labour for his support, still he should be taught to work.
		And the students are to be taught the true dignity of labour.
	www.nisbett.com /reference2/rec/rec12.htm (354 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Alfred Sohn-Rethel: Intellectual and Manual Labor: Extracts
		What defines the character of intellectual labour in its full‑fledged division from all manual labour is the use of non‑empirical form‑abstractions which may be represented by nothing other than non‑empirical, 'pure' concepts.
		The manual operation became subordinated to an act of pure thought which was directed solely towards grasping quantitative laws of number or of abstract space.
		In its form as money it is capital ruling the labour process by the identity of labour with value and postulating the process to be cast in a framework in which it operates in an automatic manner enforcing the embodiment of the labour employed into values containing a surplus.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/sohn-rethel-x.html (8309 words)

	Unasylva - No. 126 - Agri-silviculture in Latin America - Heat stress and manual labour in the tropics
		Heat stress and manual labour in the tropics
		Manual and forest workers in many tropical countries are sometimes given an extra ration of sodium chloride in tablet form to compensate for sodium depletion from heavy sweating, and to prevent possible heat stress.
		Responsible authorities in tropical countries should not underestimate the problem of potassium depletion among forest and manual workers, and they should recommend food rich in potassium and low in sodium to help prevent heat stroke and to avoid the danger of sodium overloading of body fluids.
	www.fao.org /docrep/n6845e/n6845e04.htm (1352 words)

	3DActionPlanet - A Member of The GameSpy Network
		Publishers often don’t seem to realize that most people’s first experience with a game is the back cover of the box and the manual, which allows them to get sneak peeks at things to come in the game, such as the array of weapons, the levels, the features, the enemies and much more.
		It’s not particularly useful when a game says “please consult the manual for more information”, only to find you have to quit out of the game (or in the very least, use Alt-Tab, which can be unsteady at best), just to find out how to use a feature properly.
		Paper form manuals are much easier to use, allowing you to keep the manual open on the relevant page in front of you while you are still in game.
	www.3dactionplanet.com /features/editorials/manuals (568 words)

	Labour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Labour (childbirth), the process of childbirth, especially the period from the start of uterine contractions to delivery
		Manual labour, physical work, may or may not be as a profession
		Trade union, also called organized labour or a labour union, an association of wage-earners meant to maintain or improve conditions of employment
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Labour (207 words)

	TrustedReviews - Manual Labour
		In addition there’s the old adage that if you need to refer to the manual it’s technology and if you don’t need the manual it’s a consumer product, so in many ways we have come to expect a hard time when we set up a new product.
		Motherboards that have an additional RAID controller usually come with a separate manual that covers the RAID function, but it is my experience that neither part of the manual will be of much help.
		It would be wrong to mock the Pacific Rim English that is such a feature of many of these manuals as the Taiwanese manage in English while I am all at sea in Mandarin.
	www.trustedreviews.com /editorial/2005/01/23/Manual-Labour/p2 (679 words)

	manual labour and cardio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Manual work may well be fatiguing but it does not elevate your heart rate for a sustained period.
		Manual work burns a lot of cals and tires the muscles.
		The thing he needs to be concerned about primarily is being in a constant positive energy balance during his working day, and this is his biggest problem with mainaining muscle, not a couple of cardio sessions which can be pre-planned with sufficient nutrition to compensate.
	www.muscletalk.co.uk /m_657463/printable.htm (1227 words)

	Aaron David Gordon
		By this act it robbed labour of its vital content, of its national strength and made of it a mechanical force in the wake of capital as though and this has already been said --it had no national or human account except as it served to benefit the capitalist.
		In proportion as labour produces only those things that are actually needed for the life of the entire nation, it is not capitalistic.
		Herein is the principle: the victory of social justice is bound up with the victory of national labour; the implication follows that labour should produce only what is necessary for the spiritual and economic life of the nation, and too, that everyone should work.
	www.wzo.org.il /doingzionism/resources/view.asp?id=1348 (3709 words)

	Recreation - The Dignity of Labour
		Notwithstanding all that has been said and written regarding the dignity of manual labour, the feeling prevails that it is degrading.
		The public feeling is that manual labour is degrading; yet men may exert themselves as much as they choose at cricket, baseball, or in pugilistic contests, without being regarded as degraded.
		In the garb of a common labourer the Lord of life trod the streets of the little town in which He lived, going to and returning from His humble toil; and ministering angels attended Him as He walked side by side with peasants and labourers, unrecognised and unhonoured.
	www.nisbett.com /reference2/rec/rec10.htm (1911 words)

	CLC/CTC > History of Labour
		Relatively speaking, manual labour was scarce and commanded a premium.
		In an immigrant society, the supply of skilled workers was haphazard and undependable, raising the wage they might claim, but equally heightening the incentive for their displacement by technological innovation.
		Yet, as many early labour historians indicate, the benefits of organization were reserved for the lucky and few.
	canadianlabour.ca /index.php/History_of_Labour (680 words)

	Manual Labour Samples
		It demonstrates Manual Labour's ability to translate complex diagnostic information into simple questions and answers that consumers can read and use instead of (or at least before) calling a support hotline.
		The user testing we did on this manual showed that our approach reduced the time needed to complete connections from two hours (using the previous manual) to 45 minutes (using our manual).
		It demonstrates Manual Labour's ability to document the conceptual and workflow background of a product, including how that product relates to the rest of the user's job.
	www.manuallabour.com /samples.htm (265 words)

	DECISION OF THE STATE COUNCIL REGARDING THE QUESTION OF REHABILITATION THROUGH LABOUR
		Persons undergoing rehabilitation through labour shall be appropriately paid with wages according to the actual work they do; a suitable amount may be deducted from their wages for the support of their dependents or reserved for their own expenses in settling down to a stable life.
		For the education and management of the persons undergoing rehabilitation, the policy of combining labour and production with political education shall be adopted, and disciplinary rules and regulations shall be prescribed for such persons to strictly observe.
		The work of the organs in charge of rehabilitation through labour shall be under the joint leadership and administration of the departments of civil affairs and public security.
	www.novexcn.com /rehibilitation_t_labour.html (403 words)

	Manual labour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The main manual is 55 pages and covers subjects from ergonomics and understanding the basics of the PC, such as turning it on and using the keyboard and mouse, through to getting around the system, your first steps on the net and troubleshooting.
		The manual covers the basics, though it's more technical than Packard Bell's, and includes a glossary of terms, a troubleshooting section and a contact list of component manufacturers that may have provided something in your system.
		A well-designed manual covering key topics such as getting started, using specific system features, troubleshooting and upgrading will go a long way to avoiding technical support and helping users get the most from their PC.
	www.vnunet.com /articles/print/2045883 (2031 words)

	New labour law is not exclusionary - minister (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		ABIDJAN, 11 Mar 2004 (IRIN) - Ivorian Labour Minister Hubert Oulaye denied this week that a ministerial decision requiring companies to give priority to Ivorians when hiring staff was “exclusionary”, amid growing tension over the measure.
		Labour Minister Hubert Oulaye and Finance Minister Paul Bohoun Bouabre signed the act, a copy of which was made available to IRIN.
		Oulaye told the media on Wednesday that the decision was aimed at protecting Ivorian workers, especially where there was a qualified Ivorian to fill a given post.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=40009 (743 words)

	Alfred Sohn-Rethel - Intellectual and Manual labour; A critique of Epistemology
		Alfred Sohn-Rethel - Intellectual and Manual labour; A critique of Epistemology
		“what defines the character of intellectual labour in its full-fledged division from all manual labour is the use of non-empirical form-abstractions which may be represented by nothing other than non-empirical, ‘pure’ concepts.” (pp 66).
		This is quite dodgy for why would intellectual labour be then able to apprehend nature, if their categorisation is social.
	www.generation-online.org /p/fpsohnrethel3.htm (1414 words)

	Friday Nasiha :: Issue 273 - Relying on Allah; Manual Labour; Halal Employment Search!
		He will be labouring like a working-animal, with no hope of gaining anything that could help him in the Hereafter.
		Manual labour or hard work is certainly far better than seeking charity servilely
		Also the Prophetic argument tells us that any manual skill or occupation, and the one who depends on it for his living should not be considered inferior.
	www.youngmuslims.ca /ymfn/archive_display.asp?ID=174 (748 words)

	Madonna House - Tour - Manual Labour is Holy
		In our day and age, manual labour, what the world today calls “menial work,” is very much looked down upon by those who do not know Christ the carpenter, Mary the housewife, Mary the laundress and weaver, and Joseph who taught Jesus carpentry.
		Worse than this lack of understanding of manual labour is the fact that we use the intelligence which God has given us to invent thousands of ways to avoid what little work we have to do.
		Especially have we forgotten that manual labour is holy.
	www.madonnahouse.org /tour/manual_labour.html (651 words)

	Manual Labour Jobs UK - Pitmans People
		Manual Labour Jobs UK Jobs of a physical nature grow the risk of patients with ankylosing spondylitis retreating from the labour force, also when changed for job related retreat in the general population.
		The newly released employment statistics for the general population in Holland allowed them to extend a prior study of ankylosing spondylitis and employment and make a comparison to their information set against information for the population in general.
		Search for regional or local offices of professional associations for the industries that you are interested in to plug into their networking potential.
	www.pitmanspeople.com /manual_labour_jobs_uk.asp (803 words)

	EPWP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Labour-intensive construction methods involve the use of an appropriate mix of labour and machines, with a preference for labour where technically and economically feasible, without compromising the quality of the product.
		These additional conditionalities will require provinces and municipalities to use the “Guidelines for the implementation of labour intensive infrastructure projects under the EPWP“ agreed upon between SALGA, National Treasury and the Department of Public Works for identification, design and construction or projects financed through the MIG or PIG.
		As an additional means of addressing the capacity in the labour-intensive construction sector, DPW together with the CETA has established a labour intensive contractor learnership programme.
	www.epwp.gov.za /guidelines.htm (818 words)

	Labour Ward Manual, 3rd edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A practical guide to all aspects of the management of labour within an 'obstetric' unit.
		All relevant practice within the labour ward is covered.
		The text is organised as a manual with easy access to the essential information.
	www.harcourt-international.com /catalogue/title.cfm?ISBN=0443073945 (302 words)

	Brain Work and Manual Work
		This article was made available to Anarchy Archives by The International Institute of Social History.
		Most of them are not capable of even designing a scientific instrument, and when they have given a vague suggestion to the instrument-maker they leave it with him to invent the apparatus
		But if we take into account how few are the real producers of wealth in our present society, and how squandered is their labour, we must recognise that Franklin was right in saying that to work five hours a day would generally do for
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/brainmanualwork.html (6938 words)

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