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Topic: Manuel II Palaeologus

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	Manuel II Palaeologus
		Manuel II Palaeologus (1350-July 21, 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425.
		Manuel subsequently set out in person to seek help from the West, and for this purpose visited Italy, France, Germany and England, but without material success; the victory of Timur in 1402, and the death of Bayezid in the following year were the first events to give him a genuine respite from Ottoman oppression.
		Manuel was the author of numerous works of varied character -— theological, rhetorical, poetical and letters.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Manuel_II_Palaeologus.html (203 words)

	MANUEL II. OF TREBIZOND - LoveToKnow Article on MANUEL II. OF TREBIZOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On his northern frontier Manuel reduced the rebellious Serbs to vassalage (1150-52) and made repeated attacks upon the Hungarians with a view to annexing their territory along the Save.
		At the time of his father's death he was a hostage at the court of Bayezid1 at Brusa, but succeeded in making his escape; he was forthwith besieged in Constantinople by the sultan, whose victory over the Christians at Nicopolis, however (Sept. 28, 1396), did not secure for him the capital.
		Manuel was the author of numerous works of varied character theological, rhetorical, poetical and letters.
	20.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MANUEL_II_OF_TREBIZOND.htm (709 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Manuel II
		Manuel II(1391-1425) was the second-to-last emperor of the East-Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
		Manuel's father, Emperor John V (1341-1391), had to deal with the crossing of the Hellespont by the Turks, who first conquered Thrace and Macedonia and in 1389 at the battle of Kossovo destroyed and conquered the Serbian Empire.
		Manuel had to consent to a treaty in which it was specified that a quarter for Turkish merchants should be set up in Constantinople with its own Kadi (a Moslem learned man and magistrate.) At first Manuel succeeded in taking advantage of the sultan's involvements to reestablish control over Thessaloniki and parts of Macedonia.
	www.roman-emperors.org /manuel2.htm (6419 words)

	Manuel II Palaeologus
		Manuel was forced to pay tribute to the Sultan Bayezid and was forced to follow him to his raids against the Greek cities.
		Manuel was in France, 28 July 1402, guest of the kig Charles VI, when he received the good news of Bayezid's debacle by the Mongol conqueror Tamerlane, in the famous battle of Angyra (Ankara).
		Manuel withdrew from state affairs to pursue his religious and literary interests to a monastery, as a monk.
	fstav.50megs.com /emperors/john_manuel2.html (1033 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		MANUEL II [Manuel II] (Manuel Palaeologus), 1350-1425, Byzantine emperor (1391-1425), son and successor of John V.
		In his youth he was taken captive by the Turks, and during his reign the Ottomans reduced the empire to Constantinople and its dependencies in the Peloponnesus.
		After the failure of the crusade of Sigismund of Hungary (later Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund) at Nikopol (1396), Manuel appealed to the West for aid and made a futile European journey (1399-1402) for that purpose.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Manuel2Byz (169 words)

	Manuel II Palaeologus - Britannica Concise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He was crowned coemperor with his father, John V Palaeologus, in 1373; his brother Andronicus IV seized the throne in 1376, but Manuel and his father regained it with Turkish aid in 1379.
		Manuel II - soldier, statesman, and Byzantine emperor (1391–1425) whose diplomacy enabled him to establish peaceful relations with the Ottoman Turks throughout his reign, delaying for some 50 years their ultimate conquest of the Byzantine Empire.
		Palaeologus - Byzantine family that became prominent in the 11th century, the members of which married into the imperial houses of Comnenus, Ducas, and Angelus.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9371220?tocId=9371220 (387 words)

	Manuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manuel is a version of the Hebrew given name Emmanuel.
		Manuel Ma Notable person from San Diego, California who's existence in Marian Catholic has greatly affected the lifes of many
		Manuel, The waiter in the BBC TV sitcom, Fawlty Towers, played by Andrew Sachs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manuel (126 words)

	Manuel Palaeologus' inebriate father
		The emperor Manuel II Palaeologus was born in 1350, and reigned from 1391 until his death in 1425.
		Equally irrelevant is the fact that Manuel was the son of John V. I know nothing about the emperor John's drinking habits: anyone who has come in the hope of sensational tabloid revelations about the late Byzantine royal family may wish to leave at this point.
		Manuel: John W. Barker Manuel II Palaeologus: a study in late Byzantine statesmanship (New Brunswick 1969); L. Petit 'Manuel II Paléologue', in Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique IX/2 (Paris 1927), 1925-1932.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /classics/heath/q-manuel.html (4754 words)

	CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF IMPORTANT EVENTS
		Andronicus II Palaeologus and the Patriarch Nyphon legislate that the election of the Protos must be approved by the Patriarch.
		The Typikon of Manuel II Palaeologus of 1394 is issued.
		All the landed property of the monasteries in the Ottoman Empire is confiscated by Sultan Selim II.
	www.hri.org /culture97/agoros/historical_events_eng.html (577 words)

	Constantinople (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 443 Theodosius II came to terms; his subsidy to the Huns was to be doubled, and a great territory south of the Danube was to be left waste, a no-man's-land, between the two empires.
		The accession of another soldier, Michael II the Amorian (the stammerer) was attended by outbreaks of rebellion and his nine year reign was mainly memorable for the loss of Crete to the Corsairs and the invasion of Sicily by the Aglabids.
		Alexius IV was strangled and Isaac II is said to have died of grief at the news of the murder of his son.
	www.roman-empire.net /constant/constantinople.html (13388 words)

	John VIII Palaeologus - Britannica Concise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The son of Manuel II Palaeologus, he was crowned coemperor with his father in 1408 and took effective control of the empire in 1421.
		Constantine XI Palaeologus - Last Byzantine emperor (1449–53), sometimes called Constantine XII because of the erroneous notion that Constantine Lascaris was crowned in 1204.
		Michael VIII Palaeologus - Nicaean emperor (1259–61) and Byzantine emperor (1261–82), founder of the Palaeologan dynasty.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9368606 (446 words)

	George Gemistos Plethon
		Byzantine scholarship became more fully available to the West after 1438, when Byzantine emperor John VIII Palaeologus attended the Council of Ferrara and the Council of Florence to discuss a union of the Greek and Roman churches.
		Scholarios later defended Aristotle and convinced emperor Manuel II Palaeologus that Plethon's support for Plato amounted to heresy.
		In Mistra he wrote pamphlets to Manuel II describing how the Empire could be reorganized according to Plato's Republic.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/g/ge/george_gemistos_plethon.html (580 words)

	ipedia.com: List of Byzantine Emperors Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tiberius II Constantine (540-582, ruled 578 - 582) – father-in-law of a grand-nephew of Justin I; Count of the Excubitors under Justin II; adopted by Justin II in 574
		Manuel II Palaeologus (1350-1425, ruled 1391 - 1425) – son of John V, brother of Andronicus IV
		In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors continued this claim.
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_byzantine_emperors.html (1518 words)

	Palaeologus
		Manuel II succeeded and ruled until 1425; he had to share his rule with
		Andronicus II - Andronicus II (Andronicus Palaeologus), 1258–1332, Byzantine emperor (1282–1328), son...
		Manuel II, Byzantine emperor - Manuel II (Manuel Palaeologus), 1350–1425, Byzantine emperor (1391–1425), son and...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0837323.html (258 words)

	MANUEL II - Online Information article about MANUEL II
		Manuel de Mello's early Spanish verses are tainted with Gongorism, but his Portuguese sonnets and cartas on moral subjects are notable for their See also:
		His Letters, addressed to the leading nobles, ecclesiastics, diplomats and literati of the time, are written in a conversational style, lighted up by flashes of wit and enriched with apposite illustrations and quotations.
		Manchester, 1905), " D. Francisco Manuel de Mello, documentos biographicos " and " D. Francisco Manuel de Mello, obras autographas, e ineditas," by the same writer, in the Archivo historico portuguez for 1909.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAL_MAR/MANUEL_II.html (1534 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Most Effective Palaeologan Emperor
		It was too bad that his son and successor Andronicus II was not of the same caliber as his father.
		I am, however, leaning heavily towards Manuel II, for he seems to have all the good qualities (diplomatic skill, military savvy, and literary talent) of a Byzantine emperor and did not squander a single prescious second in trying to save the Empire.
		Manuel II, whose efforts to perserve the Byzantine Empire in defiance of the Osmans should not be overlooked.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=5446&TPN=2 (1495 words)

	Search Results for Palaeologus - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Conspiring against his father, John V Palaeologus, he was imprisoned and deprived of his rights to the succession.
		During Andronicus's reign (1282–1328) the Byzantine Empire declined to the status of a minor state, confined by the Ottoman Turks in...
		Byzantine co-emperor with his father, Andronicus II, from 1295 who, despite his efforts in fighting the Turks and in resisting the encroachments of the Catalan mercenaries, was unable to reverse the...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Palaeologus&ct= (275 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Manuel II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He succeeded to the throne in 1908 during the troubled period after the assassination...
		He was the son of John V Palaeologus, and became heir to the throne in 1373...
		The son of Emperor John II, Manuel tried unsuccessfully to restore Byzantine power...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Manuel_II.html (96 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		The defense of the city was led by Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus; the attack was led by the Turkish Sultan Mehmed II.
		Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus recaptured Constantinople from the Latins in 1261, and ruled until it fell in 1453.
		The walls of Constantinople, built by Theodosius II in the fifth century, protected the city from invaders for more than a thousand years, and are still standing today.
	www.gocornerstore.com /Inventory_files/May_T/28T.html (600 words)

	John V Palaeologus
		John V Palaeologus (1332 – February 16, 1391) was the son of Andronicus III, whom he succeeded as Byzantine emperor in 1341, at age nine.
		In 1371 he recognized the suzerainty of the Ottoman sultan Murad I, who later helped him to regain the throne (1379) after he was deposed by his son Andronicus IV in 1376.
		John V was succeeded by his son Manuel II Palaeologus.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/Bio/JohnVPalaeologus.html (298 words)

	Fall of Constantinople, 1453
		The last Byzantine Emperor, born in 1404, was a son of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425) and of Helen Dragash, a Serbian Princess.
		His father Manuel II had done the same in 1399, at the time of the blockade of the city by Sultan Bayazid.
		Then the Emperor, realizing that everything was lost, removed his Imperial insignia, and followed by his cousin Theophilus Palaeologus, the Castilian Don Francisco of Toledo, and John Dalmatus, all four holding their swords, charged into the sea of the enemy soldiers, hitting left and right in a final act of defiance.
	www.greece.org /Romiosini/fall.html (5206 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Greatest Emperor (of Byzantium) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On the other hand, Leo was known for his iconoclasity, which IMO was an ultimate failure because it hurt the relation between Constantinople and Italy.
		Although overshadowed by Basil II, Basil I was a crucial emperor to Byzantium.
		Manuel was a most intellectual emperor who wrote a varitey of works.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=83 (1755 words)

	East (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Theodosius II expanded the walls of Constantinople, leaving the city impenetrable to "barbarian" attacks.
		Although Alexius' grandson Manuel I Comnenus was a friend of the Crusaders, neither side could forget that the other had excommunicated them, and the Byzantines were very suspicious of the intentions of the Roman Catholic Crusaders who continually passed through their territory.
		On January 31, 1773 King Friedrich II announced that the newly annexed lands were to be known as "Westpreußen" (West Prussia) and the old Duchy of Prussia were to be known as "Ostpreußen" (East Prussia).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.com /definition/east (10570 words)

	Constantinople on the Web - History, Society, Monasticism, the Fall
		Typikon of Emperor John II Komnenos for the Monastery of Christ Pantokrator
		Typikon of Andronikos II Palaiologos for the Monastery of St. Demetrios-Kellibara
		Contributions in encouraging the growth of the church, establishing the doctrine of the church, arranging the decoration of public places, and leading the army to battle, unified the other elements of the society with a common icon which the people could see.
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp (1393 words)

	Manuel II Palaeologus -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Manuel was a son of John V Palaeologus (reigned 1341–91 with interruptions) and Helena Kantakouzene and was named heir to the throne in 1373 after…
		The Spanish tenor and composer Manuel Vicente García was one of the finest singers of his time.
		Details the history of World War II in the Asia-Pacific region, and examines the role of the U.S. Army in the conflict.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9050654 (638 words)

	Byzantine Genealogy
		MANUEL I Comnenus 8th Apr 1143 - 24th Sep 1180, son of John II, born c.
		MANUEL II Palaeologus co-ruler Sep 1373-1376 deposed, son of John V, born 1350.
		JOHN VIII Palaeologus co-ruler from 19th Jan 1421; sole ruler 1423 - 31st Oct 1448, son of Manuel II, born 1390.
	www.aoti76.dsl.pipex.com /byz_gen.htm (1795 words)

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