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Topic: Manuel Marulanda

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	Manuel Marulanda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manuel Marulanda Vélez is the "nom de guerre" of Pedro Antonio Marin, the main leader of the FARC EP ("Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejercito del Pueblo").
		Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Colombian Communist Party (PCC) sometime during the period of "La Violencia" (roughly 1948 to 1958) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party's leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan.
		Marulanda eventually met and befriended Luis Morantes, also known as Jacobo Arenas, a PCC political cadre sent to the rural areas by the central party structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manuel_Marulanda (795 words)

	Seventh Guerrilla Conference of the FARC-EP - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Seventh Guerrilla Conference was a conference held by the Colombian FARC in 1982 under the guidance of Jacobo Arenas and Manuel Marulanda.
		Many U.S. and other military experts argue that Manuel Marulanda Velez, as a veteran guerilla fighter and as an excellent commander for four decades, heads perhaps the most capable and dangerous Marxist guerilla organization in the world.
		Marulanda is very often referred to as "Sureshot" ("Tirofijo"), because of a reputation for using firearms very accurately during his earlier years as an insurgent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seventh_Guerrilla_Conference_of_the_FARC-EP (560 words)

	Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The FARC-EP is governed by a secretariat led by septuagenarian Manuel Marulanda Vélez (Pedro Antonio Marín), also known as "Tirofijo," and seven others, including senior military commander Jorge Briceño, also known as "Mono Jojoy." It is organized along military lines and includes several urban fronts.
		Jacobo Arenas and Manuel Marulanda were two of the founders of the new guerrilla group and became its two top leaders.
		Under the guidance of Jacobo Arenas and Manuel Marulanda, the Seventh Guerrilla Conference was a turning point in the FARC's struggle, as it provided them with the opportunity to finetune their policies and plans in order for them to build their desired socialist state in the future.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia (5481 words)

	Peasant warrior commands huge rebel force and fate of Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		BOGOTA, Colombia -- Manuel Marulanda has lived the clandestine life of a guerrilla chieftain for so long that the last time he went to the movies was in the 1940s.
		Marulanda has become legendary for his ability to "smell danger" and to escape when his troops are surrounded.
		And in February, Manuel Perez, a 62-year-old Spanish-born priest who founded Colombia's second-largest rebel group, the National Liberation Army, succumbed to hepatitis B. Marulanda could take advantage of the FARC's military strength at the negotiating table, analysts say, by pushing for agrarian reform, a downsizing of the army and administrative control of several Colombian states.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/98/08/09/colombia-rebel-leader_3-1.html (958 words)

	FARC's 'Sure Shot' leader still at helm after 40 years
		Over 40 years, Marulanda, 76, turned a group of 48 armed farmers in southern Colombia into what was to become today's 17,000-strong FARC, which has fought the government and right-wing paramilitaries in a civil war that has claimed more than 200,000 lives.
		Marulanda, known by his nom de guerre "Tiro Fijo" ("Sure Shot"), was born in Genova, a coffee growing town in the western province of Quindio.
		Marulanda hid in Quindio's mountains along with 14 cousins and farmers opposing Colombia's conservative government and later embraced the Marxist doctrine after being approached by Colombia's Communist Party.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040527102948.ppt79hbm.html (523 words)

	Colombia's Ultimate Challenge
		To that end, Marulanda, the oldest and arguably one of the most powerful peasant guerrillas in the world was a hardened revolutionary.
		Marulanda's sin was to negotiate in bad faith and coerce a young president to concede a 16,000 square mile tract of land know as the zona de despeje in order to prepare for war.
		On the other hand, Marulanda, the grizzly veteran of nearly 52 years of war in the mountains and savannahs of Colombia's frontiers, may be ready for the final showdown.
	www.colombiajournal.org /colombia95.htm (1574 words)

	Predators - Manuel Marulanda and Nicolás Rodríguez Bautista (Colombia)
		Predators - Manuel Marulanda and Nicolás Rodríguez Bautista (Colombia)
		In January, 2000, Manuel Marulanda, head of the guerilla movement of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC, Marxist), accused the Colombian press barons of being "at the service of the big monopolies" and promised to make them "pay their debt" to his organisation.
		The groups under Manuel Marulanda, nicknamed "Tirofijo" ("Bulls-eye") and Nicolás Rodríguez Bautista, head of the National Liberation Army (ELN, Guevarist) since 1998, have on several occasions stated that they consider the journalists "who defend the army's activities" as "military targets".
	www.rsf.org /rsf/uk/Predateurs/html/marulanda.html (176 words)

	The Consortium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Yet, as the political-military crisis grows in Colombia, Manuel Marulanda Velez may become the unlikely leader -- or at least the personal symbol -- of the first leftist guerrilla movement to achieve success in the post-Cold War era.
		At the political epicenter of these fears is the surprising figure of Marulanda, who has been fighting the Colombian government for 50 years and founded the FARC 35 years ago.
		To this day, Marulanda -- often known as "Tirofijo" for "sharp shot" -- is regarded as the supreme leader of the FARC, approving all major decisions.
	www.consortiumnews.com /1999/072599a1.html (412 words)

	Latinamerica Press: Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Marulanda, known as “Sure-Shot,” who has been underground for more than four decades, did not attend a meeting with Pastrana scheduled for Jan. 7 in San Vicente del Caguán to kick off preliminary peace talks between the government and the left-wing Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).
		Most analysts reject the FARC claim that Marulanda did not attend because of a lack of security, saying the FARC could have provided security, since San Vicente del Caguán is under their control.
		Marulanda, who has said he would negotiate a swap in person, is scheduled to meet with government representatives.
	www.latinamericapress.org /article.asp?lanCode=1&artCode=1384 (1194 words)

	The Scotsman - International - Colombian rebel leader said to be dying of cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Marulanda, known in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) as "Sureshot" because of his unswerving aim, is the rebel group’s founder.
		With only a rudimentary education, it is rumoured Marulanda has never seen Bogotá, the seat of the government he has been trying to overthrow for 40 years.
		Notoriously shy, Marulanda has granted few interviews in his life, and is known for his peasant lifestyle.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /international.cfm?id=196532004 (560 words)

	LA NUEVA CUBA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Manuel Marulanda was born in 1930 into a peasant family in a coffee-growing area of west-central Colombia as Pedro Antonio Marin, Marulanda is the oldest of five children.
		Marulandaâs agenda is definitely communist and has said that he intends to pursue a clear socialistic agenda that combines the best from Soviet Socialism and the Cuban Revolution.
		In 1983, Manuel Perez re-organized the basis of the ELN and was the groupâs leader until his death in 1988.
	www.lanuevacuba.com /archivo/notic-01-10-911.htm (2053 words)

	Center for International Policy
		The FARC continues to cite government controls on the demilitarized zone as the chief obstacle to progress in the talks and to the guerrillas' compliance with the October 2001 "San Francisco de la Sombra" accord.
		FARC leader Manuel Marulanda orders his negotiators to stay away from talks with the Colombian government until the military ceases overflights and alleged inflitration of the FARC demilitarized zone.
		Marulanda voices optimism, stating that the talks are near the point at which substantive negotiations, following the twelve-point agenda agreed on May 6, 1999, may begin.
	ciponline.org /colombia/farc.htm (5967 words)

	[No title]
		The president was so satisfied with the outcome of his meeting with Manuel Marulanda, commander of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, that he granted a nine-month extension of a large safe haven he has allowed the rebels to occupy in southern Colombia since 1998.
		Marulanda, the rebels launched 17 attacks against police outposts, killing 25 people and wounding 51.
		Marulanda told reporters recently that there was no inconsistency in the group's actions and that the FARC never promised to halt the use of homemade mortars.
	www.tga-panama.com /2001/04/040701_RebelUpperHand.htm (1360 words)

	CNN - Colombian government urges peace talks with rebels - September 30, 1998
		It responded to a missive from Marulanda that the government received over the weekend, in which the rebel chieftain proposed swapping 245 security force members held captive by the FARC for an unspecified number of rebels held in Colombian prisons.
		Marulanda, whose real name is Pedro Antonio Marin, insisted that the exchange take place before peace talks get under way.
		Ricardo reiterated those commitments in his letter to Marulanda and said the government had a "sincere intention" of carrying the peace process forward.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/americas/9809/30/colombia.peace (554 words)

	Rebels make peace gestures in Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In letters made public Thursday, Manuel Marulanda, a rebel commander, and leaders of two other leftist guerrilla groups all expressed a willingness to hold some form of peace talks aimed at ending more than 30 years of armed conflict.
		The olive branches held out by Marulanda and leaders of the smaller National Liberation and Popular Liberation armies were apparently prompted by the government's decision, announced Wednesday, to permit so-called "regional dialogues" between local government officials and guerrilla leaders in the country's 33 provinces.
		In the aftermath of the Pasto talks, a radio network reported that Marulanda, the 69-year-old commander of Latin America's strongest guerrilla movement, proposed formal peace talks in a letter to former foreign minister Augusto Ramirez Ocampo, head of a government peace commission.
	chron.com /content/chronicle/world/96/08/16/colombia-rebels.2-0.html (531 words)

	Colombia's president extends rebel haven, invites guerrilla chief to meet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pastrana invited Manuel Marulanda, founder and chief of the leftist Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, to meet him by Sunday, the new deadline for deciding the future of the guerrilla enclave where the negotiations have been headquartered.
		``Marulanda has said he is ready to work 24 hours (a day) for peace,'' Pastrana told a national radio and television audience.
		The president proposed he and Marulanda discuss a wide range of issues, including possible prisoner exchanges and measures to restore flagging public confidence in the talks.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2001/01/31/international1508EST0668.DTL&type=printable (511 words)

	americas.org - Rebel Leader Dying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Manuel Marulanda Velez, a founding leader of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) who has fought for over 50 years, is said to be dying of prostate cancer.
		Marulanda, 73, sought treatment late last year in Brazil to no avail.
		A struggle to succeed Marulanda’s hold on the army of 20,000 guerillas and on a drug trade that generates $250 million annually is expected.
	www.americas.org /item_14662 (75 words)

	The Agonist: Colombia: FARC Leader Is Dying
		Citing unnamed "sources very close to the FARC," the article states that Marulanda -- who is nearly 74 -- has advanced prostate cancer and has chosen to forgo further treatment.
		Reports of Marulanda's imminent death have surfaced repeatedly in recent years.
		All of the FARC's public communications have been handled either by spokesman Raul Reyes, who is married to Marulanda's daughter, or by war chief Jorge "Mono Jojoy" Briceno.
	www.agonist.org /archives/013577.html (143 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Colombia President Meets Top Rebel to Revive Talks
		Marulanda was a peasant farmer before taking to the hills to lead his guerrilla group.
		The 46-year old center-right president forced his third meeting with the veteran guerrilla when, last week, he demanded a face-to-face encounter as a condition for allowing the rebels to keep control of their Switzerland-sized enclave.
		Marulanda wants to talk about attacks by paramilitary death squads and Pastrana's ``Plan Colombia'' anti-cocaine offensive, which is backed by $1 billion in U.S. military aid.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/d9f36144cde4ea61c12569ed005c4505 (550 words)

	Online NewsHour: Colombia's Civil War: FARC
		During a hard-line military dictatorship, dissident members of the Liberal and Communist parties left mainstream politics to establish their own communist and agrarian "independent republics." The largest cooperative, which had 1,000 members, was located in Marquetalia, a rural municipality high in the Andean plains.
		According to FARC lore, it was led by an 18-year old peasant named Manuel Marulanda.
		Marulanda's lifelong friend and second-in-command, Jacobo Arenas, considered the FARC's political founder, envisioned an agrarian and communist state with small-sized industries.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/latin_america/colombia/players_farc.html (1331 words)

	terra \| INFORME COLOMBIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Manuel Marulanda, center, commander of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, and guerrilla fighters walk towards the first international public hearings on the eradication of illegal crops in San Vincente del Caguan, southern Colombia, Thursday, June 29, 2000.
		Back then the aim of his struggle was to survive, and the only way to ensure that his life and that of 50 of his comrades were safe was to take arms.
		In the 60's and the 70's his guerrilla group gained popularity thanks to the expansion of Communism in the Caribbean and a new ideology known as Marxism, whose main predicate was class struggle.
	www.terra.com /specials/colombiainsight/guerrilla_1.html (612 words)

	Oberlin Alumni Magazine : Summer 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Marin would later take the name of a labor leader whom government agents beat to death – Manuel Marulanda – and build the FARC, which he cofounded in 1964, from a scraggly hit-and-run communist band into a potent force that by the mid-1990s was overrunning government military outposts.
		A taciturn farmer's son with a sixth-grade education, Marulanda was a self-taught master military strategist.
		I met a number of FARC leaders after Andres Pastrana, elected president in 1998 on a peace platform, ceded a Switzerland-sized swath of southern Colombia as a free zone, to the insurgency as a condition for beginning talks to end a conflict that over the years has alternately simmered and flared.
	www.oberlin.edu /alummag/oamcurrent/oam_fall2002/main_columbia_3.htm (772 words)

	Colombian president meets with rebel leader - World & Nation
		In their third face-to-face encounter, Pastrana is trying to get Marulanda's Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, to return to formal peace talks that they abandoned in November.
		Marulanda, for his part, is demanding that Pastrana crack down on a right-wing paramilitary group that has been massacring suspected rebel sympathizers, and to scale back an anti-drug offensive backed by $1.3 billion in U.S. military aid.
		Marulanda also put a positive spin on Thursday's talks, details of which were not released.
	www.dailytexanonline.com /media/paper410/news/2001/02/09/WorldNation/Colombian.President.Meets.With.Rebel.Leader-698416.shtml (722 words)

	The Independent (London, England): Jungle king's last stand; Manuel Marulanda, founder of the Colombian guerrilla army, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Independent (London, England): Jungle king's last stand; Manuel Marulanda, founder of the Colombian guerrilla army, Farc, is said to be on his deathbed.
		Jungle king's last stand; Manuel Marulanda, founder of the Colombian guerrilla army, Farc, is said to be on his deathbed.
		Today, if reports from the southern jungles are to be believed, Marulanda is close to death himself: not from a bullet, but from cancer.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:113834461&refid=holomed_1 (281 words)

	Global Exchange : Colombia rebels 'name new leader'
		Long-time leader Manuel Marulanda has died or is about to die of prostate cancer, say intelligence sources.
		Marulanda is reported to have been suffering from terminal cancer
		Manuel Marulanda built the rebel force up from 48 fighters to the 16,000-strong army of today and, in doing so, became a legend in Colombia.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/colombia/2017.html (246 words)

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