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Topic: Manuel Patarroyo

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	Euskal Herria Journal \| A Basque Journal \| News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Patarroyo refuse to estimate the efficacy of the new vaccine, which will be called the Colombian Malaria Vaccine (Col-Ma-VAC), although there is information that by 1999 it was already 50 percent effective, compared to the SPF66's 23-24 percent.
		Patarroyo began his work on a malaria vaccine in the 1980s on the suggestion of Swedish colleagues.
		Experts say Patarroyo's success lies in the fact that while traditional vaccines have been effective in combating several viruses that attack human beings, they have not been very successful in the fight against bacteria or parasites like the malaria-causing Plasmodium genus.
	members.freespeech.org /ehj/news/n_economy_patarroyo.html (1001 words)

	Manuel Patarroyo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Manuel Patarroyo, a Colombian research scientist, has developed the world's first safe and effective malaria vaccine.
		Patarroyo claims that his work and the efforts of his Third World colleagues are often treated with a condescension bordering on racism by northern scientists.
		Rather than profit from his discovery, Patarroyo turned the patent for his vaccine over to the World Health Organization (WHO) for free, because he felt that the benefits should go to mankind, not to large pharmaceutical houses or rich investors.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Heroes/Manuel_Patarroyo.html (246 words)

	Guardian \| The monkey puzzle
		Manuel Patarroyo has told me to report bright and early to the Aero Republica ticket desk, so that we can be sure of boarding a flight to Leticia in the Colombian Amazon.
		Patarroyo was roasted for his methodology and for the ethics of moving so quickly to human trials.
		Today, Patarroyo's priority is the publication of a delayed paper on the latest modifications to the molecules, after which, he says, he'll be ready to share the monkey vaccination results with the world.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4304696-110466,00.html (3817 words)

	MEDIA BEAT 14 - Malaria vaccine to be ready in one or two years - Venezuala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Patarroyo said his team in Colombia was a pioneer in the use of synthetic vaccines, as an alternative to the virulent pathogens obtained from biological process.
		Patarroyo said the search for a vaccine against malaria was facilitated by a specific monkey species from the Amazon region which, his team found, had an immunological system identical to that of human beings, which made it ideal for testing vaccines.
		Patarroyo said that although it was not possible to create a universal vaccine against all of these diseases, there was a mathematic model that could be followed in order to come up with a range of synthetic vaccines.
	www.comminit.com /news/mediabeat/mb_b0088.html (834 words)

	GRAIN \| Seedling \| 1994 \| THE 'TRIALS' OF A MALARIA VACC
		The vaccine was developed by Manuel Patarroyo, a Colombian scientist, in the 1980s and has since met every thread of economic and political resistance from the mighty drug industry and medical community — not to mention some development agencies — of the so-called First World.
		Patarroyo refused to cede any license on his discovery to the transnational pharmaceutical companies of the North, which was the least they expected from someone working in a “backwards” Latin American country and had to be desperate to make a fast buck.
		Furthermore, Patarroyo made his offer during the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic in the North, when all drugs being researched were those destined for wealthy patients while the poorer afflicted groups were clamouring to have any breakthrough be automatically made available for free.
	www.grain.org /seedling/?id=386 (1772 words)

	The English Pen Colombian Government
		Patarroyo was currently working on the vaccines of lesmaniasis, tuberculosis, hepatitis and malaria.
		Patarroyo has not accepted the offers because he believes he should work in his country, because he wants to give all credit to Colombia.
		Manuel Patarroyo has also showed that he is not interested in material wealth, but instead he aspires to contribute to world health.
	www.palacio.org /Hablamos/0000002e.htm (1051 words)

	ABC Radio National - Health Report Transcript - 10 Feb 96
		Manuel Patarroyo: Well as a matter of fact let me tell you that the SPF 66 malaria vaccine gave very positive results, protecting something between 31% to 50% of the population that were vaccinated, in six different trials.
		Manuel Patarroyo: Well as a matter of fact, the army of the United States, the people from the Walter Reed are the ones who wrote in The Lancet paper, saying these vaccine should not be tested any more.
		Manuel Patarroyo: Oh yes, sure, saying 'Dr Patarroyo please continue, be sure that we do respect you.' By the same token, the guerilla: the guerilla once that I made a terrible mistake.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/hstories/hr100297.htm (4369 words)

	Malaria researcher comes in from the cold - SciDev.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Patarroyo and his researchers, 165 at that time, had to leave the buildings, taking with them their 48,000 serum samples.
		By November 2001, Patarroyo had created the legal foundations of a new institute, negotiated with the Banco Ganadero, and talked to anyone prepared to listen in the government, the parliament and the media, in order to get what he considered his money, as well as a place to install his laboratory.
		But some claim that one was her reluctance to grant funds to Patarroyo without going through the standard peer review channels, and her insistence that his research project was not a priority of the type identified by the constitutional court.
	www.scidev.net /News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=158&language=1 (1089 words)

	The Other Look of COLOMBIA: Manuel E. Patarroyo, research scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Manuel Patarroyo, one of the world's most flamboyant medical researchers, a biochemist from Colombia, has developed the world's first safe and effective malaria vaccine.
		Patarroyo assigned the patent to the World Health Organisation so he wouldn't profit from it personally.
		Dr. Manuel E. Patarroyo, prizewinner of the Príncipe de Asturias 1994 and creator of the first vaccine against malaria.
	www.theotherlookofcolombia.com /patarroyo.html (361 words)

	Out of Colombia: The passion of Patarroyo
		The life and times of Manuel Elkin Patarroyo underline the age-old adage that true life is often stranger than fiction.
		Betrayed by all sides, with setbacks that would break the spirits of even the strongest, Patarroyo continues, against all odds to be precisely where he wants to be: Hard at work in his own lab.
		The first version of the Patarroyo vaccine developed in the late 1980s resulted in 30 percent to 50 percent of those injected producing sufficient anti-bodies to protect themselves against malaria.
	www.canadafreepress.com /2004/main070504.htm (1117 words)

	Southern Lights: Chapter 1
		Patarroyo's triumph is all the more sweet for him because of the antagonism and disbelief directed at him by some of his colleagues in the North.
		Patarroyo himself characterized initial opposition to his work as "intellectual racism." Behind any form of racism "there is unfortunately the incapacity to recognize that other people can do things as well as you can," he said.
		The Patarroyo case illustrates a perception common to the North — that accomplishments in science and technology in developing countries are so negligible that to use the phrase "Third World science and technology" is almost a contradiction in terms.
	idrinfo.idrc.ca /archive/corpdocs/101742/chap1e.html (1349 words)

	who (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Prof Patarroyo is the director of the institute of immunology at the National University of Colombia.
		Prof Patarroyo's ap- proach to the problem of producing a vaccine against an organism which was in constant state of mutation was to create a chemical caricature of a basic malaria parasite in all its life-cycle mutations against which the vaccinated person could build up some resistance.
		Prof Patarroyo is on a visit to South Africa and will lecture to malaria researchers on the vaccine.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1998/04/27/foreign/WHO.HTM (216 words)

	Cerebral malaria -- New vaccine shows the light
		Patarroyo's vaccine will allow the human immune system to identify and kill the malaria parasite in the blood stream.
		Patarroyo's vaccine is designed to block the parasite at it its later ``merozoite'' form, when it emerges from initial incubation in the liver.
		Patarroyo's ``30 percent vaccine'' was attacked in the cut-throat world of scientific research, where pharmaceutical companies are major players.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19990726/ige26065.html (525 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| International News \| A week in the world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		On Friday, Colombian researcher Manuel Patarroyo announced that he had made the final breakthrough in his 17-year search for a vaccine against cerebral malaria, which is responsible for some 90 per cent of the million deaths caused each year by the disease.
		Dr Patarroyo developed a first formula in the late 1980s, but it only induced immunity in 30 per cent of patients.
		Patarroyo told the press he will manufacture the vaccine himself on a site beside his Bogota laboratory, and offer it for sale for less than $1.50.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/440/in2.htm (947 words)

	BBC News \| Health \| Race for malaria money
		The reason is that Dr Patarroyo has done trials on his vaccine before which they say have not lived up to his initial claims.
		Dr Patarroyo, whose work is funded by the Colombian government and audited by the World Health Organisation, has been working on a synthetically manufactured vaccine against the most deadly form of malaria for 17 years.
		Dr Patarroyo accused the scientists of "arrogance" because he was from a developing country.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/404157.stm (805 words)

	The EastAfrican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Dr Manuel Patarroyo's work is aimed at helping the body's immune system identify and kill the malarial parasite in the bloodstream.
		But Dr Patarroyo's first vaccine, developed in the early 1990s, was far more successful as 30-50 per cent of those injected produced sufficient antibodies to protect themselves against malaria.
		Dr Patarroyo has been working for 17 years to develop a vaccine for the killer disease, which infects around 300 million people annually, most of them in Africa.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/EastAfrican/020899/Regional/Regional12.html (344 words)

	RIVERS - The NI Interview
		So far tests appear to support Patarroyo’s discovery: The vaccine has been proven effective between 31 and 60 per cent of the time to people over one year old.
		Patarroyo’s own research has been supported by the Colombian Government and his lab is renowned for its esprit de corps and egalitarian style of work.
		The big multinational drug companies may not invite Patarroyo to their conferences or cocktail parties but that doesn’t seem to faze the feisty scientist.
	www.newint.org /issue273/interview.htm (804 words)

	Daily Nation On the Web
		According to the Guardian newspaper, the new vaccine is expected on the market in two years time, retailing for less than Sh120 ($1.6), or the equivalent of one British pound.
		The lead scientist, Dr. Manuel Patarroyo, says he is ready to test it in humans.
		According to the newspaper, Dr Patarroyo has again beaten the pack by using a totally new, cheaper approach to vaccine development which involves using synthetic chemicals, rather than biological agents, to achieve "100 per cent protection," from malaria.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/DailyNation/020999/Features/XX5.html (811 words)

	The Drive to Eradicate Malaria: Vaccine Expected in Two Years
		The success of Patarroyo and his team lies in the fact that, while traditional vaccines are effective for fighting various viruses that attack humans, they have not been very effective at fighting bacteria or parasites - like the Plasmodium, which causes malaria - something the Spf 66 achieves, commented immunologist Sócrates Herrera.
		The synthetic vaccine against malaria, which Patarroyo patented and which will be manufactured in Colombia by a company created with support from the Spanish government, will be handed over to the World Health Organization (WHO) for distribution to all countries.
		WHO control over Spf 66 will allow access to the vaccine for people or countries with limited resources, and the Colombian Immunology Institute is studying the possibility that, by producing the vaccine at low costs, it could be given away.
	www.tierramerica.net /2001/0121/acent.shtml (652 words)

	Tests discover vaccine can't defeat malaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Nicholas J. White of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases at Mahidol University in Bangkok.
		Developed by Colombian immunologist Dr. Manuel Patarroyo, the candidate vaccine made headlines worldwide in 1994 when it was reported to have protected one-third of the children inoculated in Tanzania, a country in east Africa.
		But that test was not supervised by the World Health Organization, and the Tanzania experiment, though overseen by WHO, involved a small sampling and a large margin of error.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/96/09/14/malaria.html (318 words)

	medi2
		Dr Manuel Patarroyo, who has already developed a vaccine against the disease that tests showed to be between 30-50 percent sure, said he hoped the drug would be 100 percent effective by 2001.
		Patarroyo gave the patent for his first vaccine to the WHO.
		But it has not been marketed because its rate of cover against malaria is not considered high enough.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1999/09/18/foreign/MEDI2.HTM (127 words)

	Página nueva 0
		PATARROYO MANUEL E., AMADOR ROBERTO 1996 4.2 Malaria Vaccination Offprint Concepts in Vaccine Development Editor Stefan H. Kaufmann.
		PATARROYO MANUEL ELKIN, AMADOR ROBERTO, AND MURPHY JAMES R. 13.5 Malaria Vaccines Textbook of Travel Medicine.
		KASHALA O, AMADOR R, Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of new formulations of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria peptide vaccine SPf66 combined with the immunological adjuvant QS-21.Vaccine.
	www.unal.edu.co /patologia/publicaciones_a.htm (597 words)

	[Ip-health] Re:
		Samuel: Thank you for your note (although can't sent to pharm-policy list because I am not a member of that list.) It may be "obvious" to you, Samuel, but others would beg to differ.
		Could you patent the sun?" (See It Now, April 12, 1955) Or more recently, take the case of Manuel Patarroyo, the Colombian research scientist awarded over 50 scientific awards and who has developed several malaria vaccines.
		But rather than profiting from his discovery, Patarroyo has turned over the patent for one of the vaccines to the World Health Organisation for free.
	lists.essential.org /pipermail/ip-health/2001-June/001421.html (582 words)

	When Disease Turns into a Business
		José Manuel Fernández-Rangel, 25, is currently a student of journalism of the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
		He is editor of a bulletin about alternative medicines, spirituality, Orientalism, social subjects, New Age and extraterrestrials, it is called "ORIENTA2", edited for the Spanish Association of Spiritual Healers (Asociación Española de Sanadores Espirituales (AESE)) and collaborates in the healing magazine "Homo Amans" of the same organization.
		The WHO, pressed by the major pharmaceutical laboratories, wanted to evade the commitment acquired with Patarroyo, arguing that the effectiveness and results were not enough.
	www.luisprada.com /Protected/when_disease_turns_into_a_business.htm (2097 words)

	A Nosa Terra
		Patarroyo: "A psicose da gripe aviar non ten sentido"
		Entre irónico e anoxado, o sabio colombiano Manuel Elkin Patarroyo comenta os anuncios de pandemia de gripe espallada polas aves.
		Manuel Patarroyo visitou Galiza para promover a biografía que lle escribeu Jesús Miravete (Ediciones del Viento) e de camiño que falaba de pandemias recordou que tamén hai que defenderse das multinacionais da farmacia que máis que combater enfermidades o que queren é gañar cartos vendendo vacinas.
	www.anosaterra.com /documentos/central_interior.php?pagina_actual=sociedade&numero=1203 (2109 words)

	Commonly asked questions about malaria and insecticide-treated bednets
		In 1987, Dr. Manuel Elkin Patarroyo developed the world's first synthetic vaccine, the first vaccine against a parasite and the first vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum (the most common and deadly malaria paraiste).
		In 1992, Dr. Patarroyo donated the vaccine to the World Health Organization.
		The combined use of immunization and bednets might provide the highest possible potential for stopping deaths from malaria in the future.
	archive.idrc.ca /books/reports/1996/01-09e.html (616 words)

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