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Topic: Manuel Pinto da Costa

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	Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe
		At the MLSTP Party Congress in October 1990, Carlos da Graça was appointed the new Secretary-General, in succession to Manuel Pinto da Costa.
		In an extraordinary Congress of the MLSTP-PSD held in May 1998, Manuel Pinto da Costa was elected unopposed as president of the party, a post that he holds to this date.
		Manuel Pinto da Costa ran as the MLSTP-PSD candidate in the 1996 Presidential election.
	saotome-principe.tripod.com /political_parties_mlstp.html (591 words)

	Manuel Pinto da Costa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Manuel Pinto da Costa (born 1937) is an economist who was the President of São Tomé and Príncipe from the country's independence in 1975 until 1991.
		He unsuccessfully ran for president in a democratic system in 1996 (48 percent of the vote) and 2001 (39 percent).
		In an extraordinary Congress of the MLSTP held in May 1998, Manuel Pinto da Costa was elected unopposed as president of the party, a post that he held until February 2005, when a successor, Guilherme Posser da Costa, was elected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manuel_Pinto_da_Costa (155 words)

	18. SAo Tome and Principe. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Following the military coup in Portugal, the islands were given the right to be independent, and the MLSTP was recognized as the sole political party.
		Independence was granted, and Dr. da Costa became the first president.
		Worsening economic conditions contributed to a political and economic reevaluation and led in 1984 to a declaration of nonaligned status.
	www.bartleby.com /67/4374.html (189 words)

	São Tomé and Príncipe HISTORY
		On the same day, Manuel Pinto da Costa, the secretary-general of the MLSTP, was inaugurated as the country's first president.
		His post was assumed by Pinto da Costa, and the MLSTP was reported to be seriously split.
		Trovoada and da Graça were detained and the Assembly was disbanded.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/S-o-Tom-and-Pr-ncipe-HISTORY.html (1536 words)

	São Tomé and Principe - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Manuel Pinto da Costa, leader of the Gabon-based Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Principe (MLSTP), became the country's first president, and his party the sole legal one.
		The first years were marked by economic hardship caused by the departure of both the Portuguese and a large number of foreign workers.
		Fradique de Menezes, the candidate of the opposition Independent Democratic Action party (ADI), was elected president in 2001; his main opponent was Pinto da Costa.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-SaoTomeN.html (713 words)

	São Tomé and Príncipe
		Dr da Costa became the first president, and in December a national people's assembly was elected.
		With a worsening economy, da Costa began to reassess his country's international links, which had made it too dependent on the Eastern bloc and, in consequence, isolated from the West.
		In 1994 the national assembly chose Carlos da Graca to be the new prime minister.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019852.html (607 words)

	São TomÉ and Príncipe RISE TO POWER
		During the campaign it was clear that the country was betting on its future in petroleum, and it was common wisdom that building good relations with Africa's biggest oil producer, Nigeria, was one of the prime concerns of São Toméans.
		By contrast, Manuel Pinto da Costa had to defend an austerity program, unpopular reforms, and lower standards of living.
		This coalition no doubt reflected the self-interests of the leaders of these political entities, but it assured de Menezes of a constituency sufficient to score 56.3% to 39% of the vote over Pinto da Costa in the 29 July 2001 election.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /World-Leaders-2003/S-o-Tom-and-Pr-ncipe-RISE-TO-POWER.html (359 words)

	Sao Tome and Principe. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Manuel Pinto da Costa, leader of the Gabon-based Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Principe (MLSTP), became the country’s first president, and his party the sole legal one.
		The first years were marked by economic hardship caused by the departure of both the Portuguese and a large number of foreign workers.
		Fradique de Menezes, the candidate of the opposition Independent Democratic Action party, was elected president in 2001; his main opponent was Pinto da Costa.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sa/SaoTomeN.html (663 words)

	africast.com - News List
		The two leading candidates are businessman Fradique de Menezes, backed by President Miguel Trovoada, and Manuel Pinto da Costa, who ruled the former Portuguese colony as a Marxist one-party state from independence in 1975 until 1991.
		Fradique de Menezes, who served as foreign minister under Pinto da Costa, had a lead in the biggest electoral district of Agua Grande and an even bigger lead in Me-Zochi, the second most populous district, according to electoral officials.
		Angola is seen as being more favourable to Pinto da Costa,who also has the support of the biggest party in Sao Tome's parliament.
	news.africast.com /article.php?newsID=20571&strRegion=Southern (386 words)

	A short history of São Tomé and Príncipe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The republic becomes a dictatorship under the MLSTP of president Manuel Pinto da Costa.
		Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada, a former prime minister who was in exile since 1986, is elected president as an non-partisan candidate.
		This coalition of MLSTP and PCD is presided by Gabriel Arcanjo Ferreira de Costa and later in 2002 by Maria das Neves Ceita Baptista de Sousa of the MLSTP.
	www.electionworld.org /history/saotome.htm (455 words)

	ViewsWire
		During the previous presidential poll, in July 2001, Mr Menezes won 54% of the vote, defeating Manuel Pinto da Costa, who had served as Saotoméan president from 1975 to 1991.
		Despite its relatively strong institutional base and cohesion, the party fared poorly owing to its mixed record in office, with a legacy of unstable administrations, unpopular austerity measures, and numerous financial and political scandals, several of which have involved senior party members.
		In the wake of the March 2006 legislative election a new government was formed by a coalition comprising the MDFM and the Partido da Convergência Democrática (PCD).
	viewswire.com /index.asp?layout=VWPrintVW3&article_id=1160901301&printer=printer (535 words)

	Sao Tome and Principe: Key events
		Dr Manuel Pinto da Costa (general secretary of the Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tomé and principe, MLSTP, the Marxist-orientated single party) is elected President of the Republic.
		Manuel Pinto da Costa re-elected president of the MLSTP.
		Mr Pinto da Costa is re-elected President of the Republic by the People’s Assembly.
	www.etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr /_anglais/chronologie/saotomeand.html (395 words)

	12 July 1975 - Manuel Pinto da Costa becomes the president (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		After a brief period of transitional government Dr Manuel Pinto da Costa, the leader of the Committee for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (CLSTP) became the first president of the newly independent Democratic Republic of Sâo Tomé and Príncipe.
		The constitution, which was promulgated on December 12, 1975, effectively vested absolute power in the President and the MLSTP became the nations' sole legal political party.
		Dr Manuel held the position until 1991, when his party suffered defeat in the first democratic election.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/chronology/thisday/1975-07-12.htm (132 words)

	São Tomé and Príncipe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The new Portuguese regime was committed to the dissolution of its overseas colonies; in November 1974, their representatives met with the MLSTP in Algiers and worked out an agreement for the transfer of sovereignty.
		In 1990, São Tomé became one of the first African countries to embrace democratic reform, and changes to the constitution—the legalization of opposition political parties—led to elections in 1991 that were nonviolent, free, and transparent.
		Prime Minister das Neves was dismissed from her post on 15 September 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/S%c3%a3o_Tom%c3%a9_and_Pr%c3%adncipe (2321 words)

	afrol News: Sao Tomé announces early elections
		MLSTP leader Manuel Pinto da Costa - president of Sao Tomé from independence in 1975 until multi-party elections in 1991 - on the other hand had told journalists that early elections in 2002, "would damage the national interests of Sao Tomé," The news agency Lusa reports.
		Da Costa had called for a government of national unity to be created.
		The forming of a majority "Government Pact" and the announcement of early elections in March thus was a compromise launched by President Menezes after he on Friday had held talks with political parties aimed at overcoming the political crisis.
	www.afrol.com /News2001/stp006_govt_pact.htm (620 words)

	Manuel Pinto da Costa -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Manuel Pinto da Costa (born 1937) is an economist who was the (Click link for more info and facts about President of São Tomé and Príncipe) President of São Tomé and Príncipe from the country's independence in 1975 until 1991.
		He instituted a (Click link for more info and facts about one-party) one-party, (A political advocate of socialism) socialist state under the (Click link for more info and facts about Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe) Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP).
		In an extraordinary (The legislature of the United States government) Congress of the MLSTP held in May 1998, Manuel Pinto da Costa was elected unopposed as president of the party, a post that he held until February 2005, when a successor, Guilherme Posser da Costa, was elected.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/M/Ma/Manuel_Pinto_da_Costa.htm (187 words)

	Coup Attempt in Sao Tome In West Africa Is Put Down - New York Times
		Authorities in the West African island nation of Sao Tome and Principe crushed an attempted coup today, killing 2 of the 40 insurgents who tried to seize the police headquarters, a Portuguese radio station reported.
		A correspondent reporting from the former Portuguese colony said forces loyal to the Marxist Government of President Manuel Pinto da Costa captured the 38 other armed men as they tried to overrun the police headquarters near the capital, Sao Tome.
		Da Costa blamed the National Resistance Front of Sao Tome and Principe, an opposition movement based in Gabon, in West Africa, for the attempted takeover.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE5DD1F31F93AA35750C0A96E948260 (199 words)

	pinto - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		The paint played a large role in the early North American West.
		There'll be the Pinto with the exploding gas tank, flammable pajamas, asbestos and breast implants, the whole history of medical malpractice, and...
		- pinto horse: a horse with irregular patches of white and another color on its coat
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=pinto&pg=1&grp=art (196 words)

	Former Foreign Minister Wins Sao Tome Elections - 2001-08-01
		Observers had expected former longtime ruler Manuel Pinto da Costa to win the elections.
		Pinto da Costa ruled the Sao Tome and Principe from the time it obtained its independence from Portugal in 1975 until 1990, when the country installed a multiparty system for the first time.
		Pinto da Costa, who won about 38 percent of the vote.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2001-08/a-2001-08-01-26-Former.cfm (373 words)

	Sao Tome and Principe Hold Presidential Elections - 2001-07-29
		Manuel Pinto da Costa ruled the country from the time it obtained its independence from Portugal in 1975 until 1990, when the country adopted a multi-party system.
		Pinto da Costa governed under a Marxist-Leninist-inspired philosophy for many of his 15-years in power.
		Pinto da Costa's most powerful political rival could not run against him.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2001-07/a-2001-07-29-16-Sao.cfm?textmode=1 (351 words)

	French Still Illegally Holding Ships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Manuel Pinto da Costa of Greenpeace, who travelled to Hao alone with a Hi-8 camera, reported seeing French military crew on board both vessels, transferring equipment and supplies to and from inflatables.
		Pinto da Costa was engineer on board the Rainbow Warrior when it entered the testing zone.
		Windows are broken, anchors are missing, they are rusting badly and they are occupied by the French military," Pinto da Costa said.
	archive.greenpeace.org /majordomo/index-oldgopher/9510/msg00047.html (352 words)

	Legislatives 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The center-left MLSTP/PSD party won 31 seats in the twin-island nation's 55-seat Parliament in the Nov. 8 election, and is expected to form a government within two weeks.
		Party leader Manuel Pinto da Costa, who ran the small West African nation after its 1975 independence from Portugal, was widely expected to be named prime minister.
		Pinto da Costa's appointment likely will open a period of alliance with President Miguel Trovoada, his longtime political rival, whose Independent Democratic Alliance won 16 seats.
	www.stome.com /elections/resultatse.html (307 words)

	Freedom in the World 2000 - 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The year 2000 in São Tomé and Príncipe was marked by cabinet reshuffles and political maneuvering as officials began gearing up for presidential elections scheduled for July 2001.
		The leader of the ruling Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe-Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD), Manuel Pinto da Costa, is likely to run against the incumbent, Miguel dos Anjos Trovoada.
		Pinto da Costa had served as president during the period of one-party rule.
	freedomhouse.org /research/freeworld/2001/countryratings/saotome.htm (411 words)

	afrol News - Your Portal to Africa!
		Among the favourites is Manuel Pinto da Costa, who yesterday obtained the support by the leftist Liberation Movement of Sao Tomé e Principe (MLSTP-PSD) ruling party.
		At the extraordinary MLSTP-PSD party congress, it was opened for several candidates from the party, but official support was to go to Pinto da Costa.
		Another MLSTP-PSD candidate, the President of the Sao Toméan Parliament Francisco Fortunato Pires, did not obtain his party's logistical support, but was not discouraged to run for the presidential office.
	www.afrol.com /html/News2001/stp003_election_candidates.htm (652 words)

	Pravda.RU FEDERAÇÃO SANTOMENSE DE FUTEBOL AMEAÇA CORTAR RELAÇÕES COM O COMITÉ OLÍMPICO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Este justifica o facto com a recusa do presidente da federação de futebol em aceitar o seu convite para mediar o conflito que envolve actualmente a FSF e cinco clubes de futebol que foram despromovidos a segunda divisão.
		O maior partido político são-tomense, o MLSTP/PSD, solicitou esta semana a interferência da comunidade internacional para pressionar o presidente da república a honrar escrupulosamente a constituição da república e, logicamente fazer esquecer o acordo político sobre a realização dum referendo ao sistema de governo
		A demolição de algumas barracas de venda no centro da capital são-tomense (Mercado Mimo 22) para a construção de um novo mercado de (Ponto), está a colocar centenas de vendedores de rua em conflito com as autoridades distritais.
	port.pravda.ru /saotome-e-principe (1396 words)

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