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Topic: Manukau Harbour

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	Manukau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manukau City is a city in the Greater Auckland region of New Zealand.
		The name Manukau is of Maori origin, and may mean "wading birds", although it has been suggested that the name of the harbour after which the city is named was originally Manuka, a type of native tree.
		The Manukau City area is concentrated immediately to the south of the Otahuhu isthmus, the narrowest connection between Auckland City and the Northland region and the rest of the north island.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manukau,_New_Zealand (570 words)

	Manukau Harbour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manukau Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in New Zealand and the sixth largest in the world by area.
		The entrance to the harbour is between Ohaka Head at the southern end of the Waitakere Ranges and South Head, at the end of a long peninsula reaching up from close to the mouth of the Waikato River.
		The harbour has three main arms - the Mangere inlet at the northeast lies close to Auckland's central city area, and the inner suburbs of Onehunga and Te Papapa are situated close to its northern shore.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manukau_Harbour (454 words)

	Manukau Harbour -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Manukau Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in (An independent country within the British Commonwealth; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1907; known for sheep and spectacular scenery) New Zealand.
		It is located to the southwest of the (The largest city and principal port of New Zealand) Auckland isthmus, and is an arm of the (An arm of the southern Pacific Ocean between southeastern Australia and New Zealand) Tasman Sea.
		The harbour has three main arms - the Mangere inlet at the northeast lies close to Auckland's central city area, and the inner suburbs of (Click link for more info and facts about Onehunga) Onehunga and (Click link for more info and facts about Te Papapa) Te Papapa are situated close to its northern shore.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/manukau_harbour.htm (445 words)

	Manukau City World Wide Web Site - Council, Policies & Plans - How Council Works - Council & Committees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Manukau City covers 55,200 hectares of land, stretching from the Manukau Harbour in the west to the Firth of Thames in the east, and from the Tamaki Estuary in the north to the Hunua Ranges in the south.
		Manukau is the third largest and one of the most ethnically diverse cities in New Zealand.
		Manukau is one of the fastest growing cities in NZ with a growth rate of 10.6% since 1996.
	www.manukau.govt.nz /how.htm (422 words)

	Manukau coastal walks
		Named after the discovery of the harbour and its people by the Tainui waka, the Manukau Harbour offers the gift of reconnection with the natural world.
		The Tainui and Aotea waka were hauled across the portage at Otahuhu, from the Tamaki river to Manukau Harbour, before ending their journeys deep in the Waikato and Taranaki.
		Along the shoreline, numerous shellfish, marine snails and crabs reflect the fertility of the harbour’s marine environment.
	www.aucklandcity.govt.nz /whatson/places/walkways/manukau/manukau.asp (606 words)

	Ports of Auckland - About Us - History Onehunga
		The first early settlers arrived in the Manukau Harbour in 1835, purchasing land from the native Maori, and in 1840 a fencible settlement was established.
		The Manukau Harbour is one of the most extensive inlets on the west coast of New Zealand, with a water area of 394 square kilometres.
		A large part of the harbour consists of tidal sandbars, a curving sand bar is situated several miles offshore across the harbour entrance, and the harbour entrance is also extremely narrow.
	www.poal.co.nz /about/historyonehunga.htm (275 words)

	Manukau Auckland New Zealand: Manukau, Auckland International Airport, Mangere, Otara, Clevedon, Whitford, Howick, ...
		Manukau is centrally located in the North Island of New Zealand and lies within the Auckland region.
		Manukau Coast: Manukau is framed by over 300kms of sparkling coastline and many of its villages are situated around stunning beaches renowned for safe swimming and home to numerous water based activities.
		Manukau Attractions: Manukau is also home to numerous fantastic attractions and activities, to kept he whole family occupied.
	www.visitmanukau.com /tourism/the_journey (500 words)

	Auckland,_New_Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf of the Pacific Ocean to the east, the low Hunua Ranges to the south-east, Manukau Harbour to the south-west, and the Waitakere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west.
		There are two harbours in the Auckland urban area surrounding this isthmus, Waitemata Harbour to the north, which opens east to the Hauraki Gulf, and Manukau Harbour to the south, which opens west to the Tasman Sea.
		Auckland Harbour Bridge - connecting Auckland and the North Shore, is an iconic symbol of Auckland.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Auckland,_New_Zealand (2546 words)

	Encyclopedia: Manukau Harbour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Auckland Harbour Bridge crossing the Waitemata Harbour Waitemata Harbour is the main access by sea to Auckland, New Zealand.
		Mangere is one of the larger suburbs of Manukau City, one of the four cities that make up the conurbation of Auckland, New Zealand, in northern New Zealand.
		Completed in 1983, the Mangere Bridge is a harbour bridge on the Manukau Harbour in South West Auckland, New Zealand.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Manukau-Harbour (845 words)

	Manukau Function & Convention Venues. Auckland, Manukau, Conferences, Meetings, Convention Centres, Function Rooms, ...
		Manukau is primed to become a top spot for meetings, conventions and conferences.
		Manukau is New Zealand's hub for both domestic and international travel.
		Manukau has extensive open spaces for outdoor events and is frequently used as a film location.
	www.meetingsmanukau.com (257 words)

	Manukau City World Wide Web Site - Latest News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The return of more than 200 hectares of the Manukau to tidal flow is a critical and historic step in restoring the health of the Manukau Harbour and the Mangere foreshore, Manukau Mayor Sir Barry Curtis says.
		Manukau Mayor Sir Barry Curtis says the people of Manukau and greater Auckland will rejoice in the removal of the seawall and the planned restoration of Otuataua and Puketutu island coastline.
		The breaching is part of Project Manukau, the aim of which is to restore the coastline to the environmental conditions found prior to pond construction in the 1960s.
	www.manukau.govt.nz /latest/2001/May/ponds.htm (300 words)

	Manukau Auckland New Zealand: Manukau, Auckland International Airport, Mangere, Otara, Clevedon, Whitford, Howick, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Manukau City is just 25 minutes from downtown Auckland, North Island New Zealand.
		Manukau is the location of Auckland International Airport - arrival point each year for over 1.7m visitors to New Zealand.
		Framed by 320kms of sparkling coastline, stretched between the Manukau and Waitamata Harbours, beautiful rolling countryside rubs shoulder to shoulder with Auckland’s true urban authenticity.
	www.welcome2manukau.com (320 words)

	Awhitu School - News letter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The magnificent Manukau Harbour has its entrance at the Manukau Heads which is about 15 minutes drive from Awhitu District School.
		It was on the Manukau Heads sandbar that 'HMS Orpheus' foundered on the 7th February 1863.
		The views from the lookout at the top of ARP walkway are enhanced by the panoramic painting that points out all of the prominent landmarks and points of interest that can be picked out around the harbour from the Waitakeres to the Steel Mill.
	www.awhitu.school.nz /ManukauHeads.html (893 words)

	Windsurfing Guide to New Zealand - Auckland's Manukau Harbour
		Aucklands International Airport is right on the Manukau which is a large, very tidal harbour with lots of mud/sand banks, and is good for cruising around.
		On the upper reaches of the Manukau Harbour, gets good wind from anywhere from N to W to S. Good flat water blasting, Good rigging and water access but limited to 2 hours either side of high tide.
		Sail to the deep water channel which runs parallel with the south head of the Manukau Harbour.
	www.winzurf.co.nz /windsurf/wgtnz/wgtnz15.htm (356 words)

	DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The tellinid bivalve, Macomona lilinana, is important to the structure and organisation of intertidal sandflat communities in Manukau Harbour.
		Spawning is asynchronous and protracted from late November to March throughout the harbour and timing of the reproductive cycle is associated with seasonal changes in environmental variables: temperature, salinity and seasonal production of phytoplankton and benthic microalgae.
		Generalisations are made on the effect of habitat quality on the reproduction and recruitment biology of the Manukau Harbour metapopulation.
	aslo.org /phd/dialog/1999January-5.html (362 words)

	A YEAR ON THE WING - an online documentary \| LEARNING & DOING
		Manukau Harbour, the Firth of Thames at Miranda, and Kaipara Harbour are located in the North Island and Farewell Spit near Nelson is on the north tip of the South Island.
		Manukau Harbour is a favourite locality for waders on the north island.
		It is said that a Tainui elder paddling down the harbour was alarmed to hear what he believed to be human voices.
	www.abc.net.au /wing/community/learningarrival.htm (1051 words)

	Maui's Dolphin News: 27 February 2003
		WWF is concerned that the Maui's dolphin is greatly at risk in our North Island West Coast harbours between Dargaville and New Plymouth.
		WWF commends the decision by the government to ban set netting in the dolphin's coastal range, including Manukau harbour.
		However, the remaining harbours still allow set netting and upon entering a harbour, a Maui's dolphin is at great risk of getting caught in a net.
	www.wwf.org.nz /dolphin/news/032702.htm (344 words)

	Ports of Auckland - Disposal of dredgings
		The Manukau Harbour, on Auckland’s west coast, is a tidal harbour and the Port of Onehunga depends for its operational viability on the ability to dredge between 5,000 and 10,000 cubic metres of sediment a year from the area where ships manoeuvre and berth.
		Following environmental objections to disposal within the Manukau Harbour in 1991, a working group was established to assess the different options and recommend a preferred site.
		Even though independent scientific research has established that disposal of dredgings outside the Manukau Harbour entrance will not damage recreational fishing, Ports of Auckland agreed to trial the disposal of dredgings from the Port of Onehunga on the east coast, with dredged material from the Waitemata Harbour.
	www.poal.co.nz /environment/dredgings.htm (484 words)

	MANUKAU HARBOUR - Formation - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		Manukau Harbour, second largest on the west coast of the North Island, has an area of about 150 sq.
		The harbour originated in events that commenced less than 10 million years ago, when sea invaded much of the North Island.
		A large bay formed in the Manukau – Port Waikato area, possibly the result of northward tilting of the land toward a fault passing east through the present harbour entrance.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/M/ManukauHarbour/en (513 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some large creatures use the harbour too: sharks breed in the harbour and it is also frequented by seals.
		The harbour can be very murky as visibility rarely exceeds three metres, although I have been assured by one of my diving colleagues that sharks don't attack in murky water.
		The pattern of water movement near the harbour entrance is complex.
	www.divenewzealand.com /articles.asp?sid=535 (787 words)

	Manukau City World Wide Web Site - Council, Policies & Plans - How Council Works - Tengata Whenua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A second wave of Maaori migration occurred around 1350 with the arrival of the Tainui waka on the Manukau Harbour.
		Manukau City Council recognises the significance of the communities of Urban and Taura Here Maaori living in the city and is also committed to building the relationships with Taura Here groups in relevant ways according to the needs and expectations of both parties.
		Manukau City is part of Te Kei o Tainui (the stern of the Tainui waka).
	www.manukau.govt.nz /how4.htm (516 words)

	Tourism Auckland -
		Franklin District is a country escape nestled on the Manukau Harbour.
		Scenic highlights include the wild west coast of the Awhitu Peninsula, the southern reaches of the Manukau Harbour, the beautiful Hunua Ranges and the Seabird Coast on the Firth of Thames.
		Papakura is at the interface of the southernmost part of the Auckland metropolitan area and the rural areas of Franklin and Manukau beyond.
	www.aucklandnz.com /VisitorInformation/StoryofAuckland/ArticleDisplay.aspx?Section=Story&SubGroup=Our_Culture (862 words)

	Mangere Bridge community village Manukau news photos to do what's on listings business club organisation history ...
		Mangere Bridge Village is located on a peninsula in the Manukau Harbour (Auckland, New Zealand), with the green back drops of Mangere Mountain, an extinct volcano, and Ambury Farm Park.
		The Manukau Harbour offers water-based activities with excellent boat ramps for access to the water, and neighbouring Ambury Regional Farm park offers pleasant walks, bird watching, or just relaxed feeding of farm animals (check ranger for times).
		With the reclaiming of the Manukau Harbour parts previously occupied by the water treatment ponds by the sea, the air is salty and fresh again.
	www.mangerebridge.co.nz (821 words)

	Auckland region New Zealand - accommodation, attractions and maps from AA Guides
		Auckland is built on an isthmus located between two stunning harbours - the Waitemata, meaning "sparkling waters", which teems with boating activity and embraces the pohutukawa-lined shores of the Pacific Ocean; and the contrasting Manukau Harbour, which surges out to the rugged fl-sand beaches that border the Tasman Sea.
		Framed by the Hunua Ranges in the southeast and the rainforest of the Waitakere Ranges in the west, Auckland is an adventure-lover's paradise with its diverse natural environment.
		Manukau, the hub of the region, is a progressive, expanding multicultural city.
	aatravel.co.nz /editorial/editorial.jsp?locationId=20002 (1050 words)

	Cahoon & Safi—Benthic microalgae in Manukau Harbour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Loading of fine sediments from erosion within the harbour’s basin may, therefore, affect the amount and distribution of benthic microalgal biomass in the harbour.
		Average benthic microalgal biomass for the entire area of the harbour was at least 62.5 mg Chl.
		The physical characteristics of Manukau Harbour and similarity in taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton and benthic microalgae suggest that resuspended benthic microalgae are an important component of the harbour’s phytoplankton biomass.
	www.rsnz.org /publish/nzjmfr/2002/019.php (219 words)

	Geomarine Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Building on our previous studies, we are currently undertaking studies to develop more precise relationships between modern estuarine and sheltered harbour foraminiferal distribution patterns and: freshwater runoff and salinity; sediment grain-size and runoff from land; heavy metal pollution from industry and marinas; and high nutrient levels from sewerage outfalls, intense marine aquaculture and dairy farming.
		The goal of this research strand is to provide a NZ-wide synthesis of foraminiferal faunas as indicators of clean and impacted coastal marine environments, for use in documenting and monitoring human impacts on these fragile ecosystems, and in some instances their recovery.
		Impact of freshwater and sediment runoff and nutrients (sewerage, oyster farming) on the Mahurangi Harbour - commenced 2003-4.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~bw.hayward/html/ForamsRecordofHumanImpact.htm (426 words)

	Mangere Bridge: Things to do
		For those wanting to relax at or on the water, the Manukau Harbour is within walking distance of most Mangere Bridge residents, and there are several ramps with great water access along Kiwi Esplanade.
		Bar-tailed godwits and knots migrate to the harbour for the summer from Siberia and Alaska.
		Ambury Park is surrounded in the north and west by the Manukau harbour.
	www.mangerebridge.co.nz /Todo.html (1250 words)

	Auckland -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The region is surrounded by several fine harbours, including Kaipara Harbour to the north and Manukau Harbour to the south.
		It occupies a narrow isthmus of North Island between Waitemata Harbour (east) and Manukau Harbour.
		The city is situated on an isthmus of the North Island that separates Waitemata and Manukau harbors.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9011208?tocId=9011208 (729 words)

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