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Topic: Manx language

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Ned Maddrell

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	Manx language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Manx began to emerge as a distinct language in the 13th-14th century after the collapse of the Norse kingdom of Mann and the Isles and prior to the long settled period of English control through the Stanleys.
		Manx was once spoken by almost the entire population of the Isle of Man until the 1765 Revestment Act by which the Duke of Atholl sold the island to the British Crown.
		The decline of Manx was further accelerated by immigration from North West England during the later 18th and early 19th centuries, and the large numbers of English-speaking tourists who start to visit the island from the 1830s onwards.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/manx.htm (863 words)

	Manx Culture - Isle of Man Government -
		Manx, or Manx Gaelic, is the native language of the Isle of Man. Like Scottish Gaelic, its origins lie in Old Irish but given our Island’s unique history it has developed its own unique style which makes it different but still closely related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic.
		However, by the time the last native speaker of Manx, Ned Maddrell, died in 1974, a revival in interest had begun.
		The survival of Manx isn’t guaranteed, but it is in a stronger position than it has been for a long time: its future very much lies with all those who now call this Island their home.
	www.visitisleofman.com /culture (374 words)

	Manx language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But this is considered not to be true to fact by a majority of scientists, and Manx together with Irish and Scottish is a distinct part of the Gaelic subgroup of Celtic languages.
		The Manx language borrowed a lot from Old Norse, the North Germanic tongue Vikings spoke, and though this Scandinavian influx was later to depart the entire area or had been assimilated by Celts, its influence remains in the language structure.
		Manx speakers were never too numerous, and in the 19th century they all spoke English, and many of them as a first language.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/celt/manx.html (399 words)

	Talk Now! Language CD-ROM Series
		is a beginning-level language course on CD-ROM available in over 102 languages from Afrikaans to Zulu, and is excellent for travelers who must pick up a language in a hurry.
		Designed by language experts, it includes great features like speak and repeat, interactive games, and digital recordings with both sexes of native speakers, and runs on both Macintosh and Windows computers.
		Language learning is accomplished by means of showing you pictures or phrases and then giving you both the Italian and the English translation.
	multilingualbooks.com /talknow.html (1219 words)

	External Divisions - Manx Language In Schools- Yn Ghaelg Ayns Ny Scoillyn - Isle of Man Government Department of ...
		As part of Government policy, the Manx language was introduced into schools by the Department of Education in September 1992, as an optional subject for pupils aged 8 and over.
		To enable pupils studying Manx to experience a range of learning situations which will be designed to be both enjoyable and successful.
		Parents who wish their children to be taught through the medium of Manx may ask to have them educated in the Manx Language Primary School.
	www.gov.im /education/support/external/external_manx.xml (385 words)

	Manx (cat) at AllExperts
		Other legends allege that cats and rabbits mated, and their offspring became the Manx cat; the reasoning behind this is the fact that Manx usually do not have tails, and have longer hind legs, which gives them a similar appearance to rabbits, especially when running.
		Some stumpy Manx are born with kinked tails because of incomplete development of the tail during the fetal stage.
		Manx Syndrome is a colloquial name given to the condition which results when the mutant tailless gene responsible for shortening the cats' spine has an excessive negative effect.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/ma/manx_(cat).htm (1665 words)

	manx - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Manx adj : of or relating to the Isle of Man or its inhabitants or their language; "the Manx fishing industry"; "there are few Manx speakers alive today" [syn: Manx] n : the Gaelic language formerly spoken on the Isle of Man [syn: Manx]
		Of or pertaining to the Isle of Man, or its inhabitants; as, the Manx language.
		The language of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, a dialect of the Celtic.
	dict.die.net /manx (110 words)

	Goidelic languages information - Search.com
		Manx, the former common language of the Isle of Man, is closely akin to the Gaelic spoken in north east Ireland and the now extinct Gaelic of Galloway (in southwest Scotland), with heavy influence from Old Norse because of the Viking invasions.
		Goidelic languages may once have been common on the Atlantic coast of Europe and there is evidence that they were spoken in the region of Galicia in modern Spain and Portugal, around Marseille, at the head waters of the Seine, in the Celtic heartlands of Switzerland, Austria and so on, and in Galatia.
		Ireland's national language is the 21st to be given such recognition by the EU and previously had the status of a treaty language.
	www.search.com /reference/Goidelic (1664 words)

	Manx language
		But this is considered wrong by majority of scientists, and Manx together with Irish and Scottish is a part of Gaelic subgroup of Celtic languages.
		Manx literature, which developed and flourished since the 17th century, was written using anglicized spelling, which is still used in Manx: oo for Celtic [u:], ee for [i:] etc. The necessity to study English, the necessity to read English and speak it - all that led directly to the disappearance of the language.
		Manx speakers were never too numerous, and in the 19th century they all spoke English, and many of them - as a first language.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/manx.html (354 words)

	Manx Gaelic (Part 5, The Celtic Languages)
		Manx is the historical language of the Isle of Man, the small, autonomous island in the center of the Irish Sea.
		Manx was still the dominant language until early in the 19th century, when English began to take precedence (1).
		Consequently, the effects of the decline of Manx during the 19th century was made even worse by significant immigration English-only speakers to the island during the middle of the 20th century, so that by 1981 just over 50% of the population was “native” Manx (3).
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/celtic_internet_resources/87874 (422 words)

	BBC - Voices - Multilingual Nation
		Manx, or Manx Gaelic, is the Celtic language of the Isle of Man and is not spoken in any significant numbers outside the island.
		Manx is actively promoted at a Inter-Celtic Cultural Festival each July, and during a Language Week in held in November.
		I heartily agree with the efforts to protect and restore the Manx language before it disappears altogether (especially as a Manx friend told me that Manx was almost entirely a spoken language and very little of it was written), although it is hard to imagine Manx ever becoming the island's natural "first" spoken language again.
	www.bbc.co.uk /voices/multilingual/manx.shtml (991 words)

	Manx language - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man.
		Manx is recognised under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
		This is because Manx developed without a written literature, and when attempts were made to introduce a standardised orthography for the language, the choice was made to spell the words in an English manner.
	www.music.us /education/M/Manx-language.htm (623 words)

	Lowlands-L Anniversary Celebration
		Language information: Manx, used on the Isle of Mannin/Man, is a descendant of Middle Irish, mostly of the Ulster and Galloway dialects.
		The earliest extant or reported written sources in and about Manx are from the 5th century C.E. Use of this language declined dramatically in the 19th century, and it eventually came to be replaced by English, mostly due to declining prestige in the course of Anglicization.
		Manx has been officially recognized as a minority language in the United Kingdom and the European Union.
	www.lowlands-l.net /anniversary/manx-info.php (282 words)

	Celtic Language Resources
		Six cultures and their languages are extant today, although the languages of Cornwall and the Isle of Man are on the brink of extinction despite efforts to bring these back.
		Cymraeg / Welsh / The language of CYMRU or WALES
		Kernewek / Cornish / The language of KERNOW or CORNWALL
	www.candledark.net /silver/celtlang.html (1612 words)

	Manx - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Manx, breed of shorthaired cat whose most distinctive features are a rabbit-like gait and the absence of a tail.
		Manx Literature, Celtic writings of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man. It consists mainly of ballads and Christmas carols.
		Celtic Languages, subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Manx.html (130 words)

	What's the status of the Manx language? \| Antimoon Forum
		She is believed to be the last genuine speaker of Scottish Gaelic, a language closely related to Manx.
		Manx dates to around the 5th century and is called Gaelg Vanninagh by Manx speakers.
		Manx is used by the Tynwald (the Isle of Man parliament), with new laws being read out by Yn Lhaihder ('the Reader') in both Manx and English.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/8563.htm (243 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Language Decline and Language Revival in the Isle of Man: Ned Maddrell Memorial Lecture, November 28, 1996.
		The first objection to this claim is that a number of small children speak Manx as a first language now, as they have been raised in the language.
		The second objection to the claim is that many Manx native speakers often did not openly announce themselves due to some social stigma attached to the language, and/or due to the fact that some native Manx speakers may have emigrated.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Ned_Maddrell (525 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:MJD
		MANX: a n extinct language of United Kingdom
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It was supplanted by Manx Vernacular English, which in turn is now being supplanted by other varieties of English.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=MJD (129 words)

	Grammar of the Manx language \| Antimoon Forum
		The pronunciation of Manx is fully explained in J.J. Kneen "A Grammar of the Manx Language" and "English-Manx Pronouncing Dictionary", to which the student is referred.
		Manx, in common with the other Celtic languages, combines a preposition and following pronoun into one word: er 'on', but orrym 'on me' ort 'on you' (sg.), er 'on him', urree 'on her', orrin 'on us', erriu 'on you'(pl.), orroo 'on them'.
		As its use in the spoken language requires considerable practice, it is usually replaced by the periphrastic forms colloquially, especially in late native speaker Manx, where inflected forms, though always understood, were seldom used.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/6924.htm (2936 words)

	Manx language - Numbers
		Manx language - Numbers is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		The language sharply declined during the 19th century and was supplanted by English.
		According to official census figures, 9.1% of the population claimed to speak Manx in 1901; in 1921 the percentage was on...
	www.experiencefestival.com /manx_language_-_numbers (495 words)

	Scotland: Gaelic Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Gaelic Language is spoken by around 86,000 individuals primarily in the North of Scotland and in the Western Isles (eg.
		Gaelic (or Scottish Gaelic as it is sometimes known outside Scotland) has similarities to the other Celtic languages, and is particulary close to Irish (or Irish Gaelic) to the extent that a mutual understanding is possible.
		Sabhal Mór Ostaig is a college on the Island of Skye which is the centre for teaching in the medium of Scottish Gaelic.
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /home/scotland/gaelic.html (230 words)

	Isle of Man Guide - PEOPLE AND LIVING, Manx Language
		The native language for the Isle of Man is Manx Gaelic.
		The last native speaker of the Manx Language was Edward (Ned) Maddrell, who died in December 1974.
		Manx has been formally taught in schools since 1992, but is not compulsory.
	www.iomguide.com /manxlanguage.php (242 words)

	Viva Spanglish! (Features) Jonathon Keats
		The Manx language was pronounced dead on December 27, 1974, when the last native speaker passed away at age 97 in a fishing village on the Isle of Man called Cregneash.
		And these are the typical arguments for resisting language assimilation: A society that loses its language loses its culture; a country that loses its language loses its autonomy; a civilization that loses its languages loses its diversity.
		Clearly, speaking Manx will neither exorcise the island of cars nor impel the children of bankers to expose their tender flesh to the high seas.
	www.utne.com /issues/2004_122/features/11100-1.html (613 words)

	Ned Maddrell Information
		Edward "Ned" Maddrell (1877?–December 27, 1974) was a fisherman from the Isle of Man who was arguably the last surviving native speaker of the Manx language.
		A newspaper article about the decline of Manx from about 1959 (which gave Maddrell's age as 82) mentions and quotes him, since at the time he was, along with Kinvig, one of only two native speakers:
		De Valera had been angered some years before at the inaction of the British and Manx governments over the language, and had sent over a team from the Irish Folklore Commission with a sound recording van to preserve what was left.
	www.bookrags.com /Ned_Maddrell (667 words)

	Mec Vannin's submission to Department of Education regarding the Manx Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ideally, a full-time Manx pre-school teacher should be appointed to encourage parents to bring their children to Manx playgroups, and to set up and provide materials for such groups.
		Pre-school children are perhaps the most receptive to language learning, so the establishment of a number of Manx nursery schools would help with the general language development of of children as well as the development of the Manx language.
		This language co-ordinator would be primarily required to raise the profile of Manx Gaelic both in Mann and abroad, and to encourage the greater use of Manx in all spheres of Manx life.
	www.manxman.co.im /mecvan/archive/gaelg.html (1773 words)

	Language Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		the complete loss of a language variety as a consequence of shift to another language by the last speech community to use the language variety; Manx, a Celtic language, "died" in 1974 when the last native speaker of that language died.
		language maintenance - The continued use by a speech community of its traditional language despite the presence of another, usually socially dominant language.
		As the implicational scale shows, language choice depends on the generation to which one belongs as well as on the social context, defined here by role and place.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~sngynan/slx8.html (754 words)

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