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	Manzikert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manzikert (in Turkish Malazgirt) is a town in Muş in eastern Turkey, with a population of 23 697 (year 2000) of 68 990.
		Manzikert was an important trading post of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia.
		In 1071, Manzikert was the site of one of history's most decisive battles – the Battle of Manzikert – when the Byzantine emperor Romanus IV fought against Sultan Alp Arslan of the Seljuk Turks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manzikert (248 words)

	Battle of Manzikert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Manzikert (Turkish Malazgirt Savaşı) occurred on August 26, 1071 between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuk Turkish forces led by Alp Arslan, resulting in the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes.
		Years and decades later, Manzikert came to be seen as a disaster for the Empire; later sources greatly exaggerate the numbers of troops and the numbers of casualties.
		It is also considered one of the root causes for the later Crusades: the West saw Manzikert as a signal that Byzantium was no longer capable of being the protector of Eastern Christianity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert (1501 words)

	Battle of Manzikert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Battle of Manzikert occurred on August 26, 1071 between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuk Turkish forces led by Alp Arslan, resulting in the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes.
		In 1070 Romanus led a second expedition towards Manzikert, a Byzantine fortress that had been captured by the Seljuks, and offered a treaty with Arslan – Romanus would give back Hierapolis if Arslan gave up the siege of Edessa.
		It was not, however, an immediate disaster; most units survived intact and were fighting in the Balkans or elsewhere in Asia Minor within a few months.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/battle_of_manzikert (1290 words)

	Manzikert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The battle of Manzikert (1071) in which the Byzantine army was defeated by the Seljuks Turks, is one of the decisive battles of history.
		After Manzikert, there was nothing to oppose the Turkish flood, and only the Bosphorus saved the Empire.
		Anatolia was occupied by the Turks and the Byzantines were confined to the European part of the empire and a small strip of land along the Bosphorus.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/civil_n2/histscript5_n2/manzikert.html (122 words)

	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Emirate of Manzikert is a massive, economically powerful nation, notable for its compulsory military service.
		Manzikert's national animal is the raven, which frolics freely in the nation's many lush forests, and its currency is the salt.
		Manzikert is ranked 23rd in the region and 52,915th in the world for Highest Police Ratios.
	www.nationstates.net /cgi-bin/index.cgi/page=display_nation/nation=manzikert (185 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Manzikert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years).
		Events Byzantine Empire loses Battle of Manzikert to Turkish army under Alp Arslan.
		The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Manzikert (2498 words)

	Infantry RE:Most overrated/underrated Armies - Norway StrategyPage.com
		With Manzikert the last effective infantry was lost to the West until the rise of the Swiss pikemen finally put paid to the armored dumbos on horses.
		After Manzikert the Empire was neither able to recruit enough citizen soldiers nor able to recruit in such a way as to rebuild the balanced force that, for instance, Basil used to earn the name “Bulgaroslayer”.
		Manzikert was and is a Greek shame that forever deprived the West of a critical part of its’ history and culture.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/1-6309.asp (734 words)

	EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - Spirits of Aksaray
		Her mother may have been from Manzikert, but Lum was not: she was born in the High Country (7), in a tribe of ghuls (8), a proud warrior-race.
		Before their mad flight from Manzikert, she’d asked Korythis to help her procure a few items from the city’s mammoth bizarre: the skin of a dominda beast; fresh leaves of an ancient betelnut tree; spidersilk thread; rose water distilled from roses of nine hues; and various other rare substances.
		The kilgari of the lowlands are unparalleled coffee growers, and the glitterati of Manzikert consider kilgari poetry and clothing to be the height of high culture.
	www.enworld.org /printthread.php?t=3144 (7353 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 11
		Manzikert fell without a fight, and Romanus put a Byzantine garrison in the fort and returned to camp, confident that Alp Arslan must still be far away.
		Manzikert was an unmitigated disaster for Byzantium, though they realized it as such only gradually.
		Byzantium attempted to prevent unification of the interior, but the battle of Myriocephalum (1176) was another Manzikert, and although not exploited by the Turks it left the Empire defenseless.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne11.html (13635 words)

	The Byzantines versus the Mongols - AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board
		The Byzantines are pretty much screwed after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 AD, when the Seljuk Turks ejected them from the interior of Anatolia.
		Perhaps a Byzantine win at Manzikert keeps the "center of gravity" of the Seljuk state further east (their capital was @ Ishafan in Persia, but there was the Sultanate of Rum in ex-Byzantine lands).
		Manzikert itself might not have rendered the situation totally hopeless, but the failure of the government to rally and repair the situation did.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=2508 (1503 words)

	GENERALS OF THE MILLENIUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the summer of 1071, the Byzantine Emperor Romanus Diogenes set out with a large army to curb the effects of these raids, and to possibly force an alliance with the Arabic Fatimids against the growing Seljuk tide.
		Alp Arslan caught this army encamped in a valley near Manzikert on the morning of August 19, 1071.
		The Schism of 1054, that split Byzantine orthodoxy from Roman Catholicism, then Manzikert in 1071, and the speeches of Pope Urban II in 1095 (ushering in the Crusades), together defined the permanent shift of Christian culture away from Constantinople.
	www.island.net /~stilicho/front/millenium/AlpArslan.htm (173 words)

	Turkish Armenian Communication Forum
		Until the Seldjuks defeated the Byantines at Manzikert, there was hardly any significant intrusion into the Anatolian land.
		And, in about ten years after Manzikert, the Türkmen tribes were on the shores of the sea of Marmara.
		Byzantine armies could not find any one to fight with, except in Manzikert and Myriokephalon, where the Seldjuk regular troops and Türkmen tribes chose to face the Byzantine armies with their own armies.
	www.network54.com /Forum/message?forumid=13181&messageid=952679823 (1483 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine
		The Battle of Manzikert, in 1071, saw the smashing defeat of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine army by the Seljuk Turks (also spelled Saljuq).
		The Seljuks were the most important of the various Turkish clans that had moved into West Asia.
		Manzikert saw the end of Roman control over Anatolia, the region which today still makes up the modern nation of Turkey.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/700was.html (480 words)

	The Seljuk Turks - All About Turkey
		Using ancient Harput (modern Elazig) as his base, Diogenes crossed the Euphrates (the classic demarcation of east and west) to confront the Seljuk army on the field of Manzikert (Malazgirt), north of Lake Van in 1071.
		Just as they had dealt the Byzantines a decisive blow at Manzikert (Malazgirt) two centuries before, the now settled Seljuks could not resist the most recent wave of nomads from the steppe.
		On June 26, 1243, despite Byzantine auxiliaries sent by the Seljuk Sultan's "ally" in Constantinople (Istanbul), the once mighty Seljuk army was utterly routed at Köse Dagi outside the quintessentially Seljuk city of Sivas.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /selcuk.htm (667 words)

	ROMANUS D' DIOGENIS
		Manouel was defeated in Sevasteia of Kappadokia and was taken prisoner with Nikiphoros Melissinos and Michael Taronitis.
		In January 1071, Manzikert and Arje surrendered to Alp Arslan who tried again to take Ierapolis and Edessa, in the area of Kilikia.
		Romanus prepared his army for the final attack, north of Van lake, on a vast steppe, near Manzikert.
	members.fortunecity.com /fstav1/emperors/romanos4diogenis.html (1117 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In August 1071 this push culminated in the Battle of Malazkirt (Armenian Manzikert, originally Manavazakert), near the shores of lake Van.
		The Seljuq army was lead by Sultan Alp Arslan who had succeeded his uncle Tughrul Beg as the Sultan in 1063.
		This battle was a turning point in both Byzantine and Seljuk history as it diminished the Byzantine military might, and opened up Asia minor to the Seljuq conquest.
	www.princeton.edu /~humcomp/kemal/malazf.htm (238 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Josef Manzikert’s definition of happiness has, from the very start, had a plateau and a duration.
		He was, by his very nature, the junkie’s junkie, voraciously devouring the harmful and benign with equal eagerness.
		Through the twisted corridors of his mind he races, trapped in a prison of his own devices, blazing through his mental wasteland with cruel violence as he follows the trip where it leads him.
	www.publishedauthors.net /cricket (91 words)

	The SF Site Featured Review: City of Saints and Madmen
		Founded by whaler-cum-pirate Cappan John Manzikert Ambergris is built on top of a far older, non-human city.
		When Manzikert sailed up the River, Moth the mushroom-like grey caps were already in situ.
		It is here we learn the story of Ambergris, Manzikert and much more, all presented as a piece of non-fiction and densely annotated in the manner of Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire.
	www.sfsite.com /08a/cs181.htm (1352 words)

	Manzikert Class Destroyer
		The strategist/designers intended it to be used as part of a balanced escort/light force grouping, consiting of general-prpose craft such as the Tekkatir special escort and the Yataghan missile frigates.
		The Manzikert is little more than a hull built around a spinal meson gun, and as such was envisioned as being the "big ship killer" in such a light task force.
		Indeeed the Manzikert is one of the smallest jump-capable craft in the Imperial inventroy to carry a spinal meson gun, and almost everything else in the design process was sacrifced to achiev that objective.
	www.downport.com /bard/bard/sara/sara5032.html (380 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Impact on western civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I took a western civ class and read an entire book about the Battle of Hastings 1066 but there was no mention about the Battle of Manzikert 1071, in the class.
		I tend to think the latter had a greater impact on the west than the former.
		Manzikert was more important than Hastings, but I'm not sure Byzantium counts as Western.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2571&PN=1 (406 words)

	Susan Shwartz: Shards of Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During the battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Turks, led by Alp Arslan, succeeded in capturing the Byzantine emperor, Diogenes IV Romanus.
		The Turks were helped, in part, by treason on the part of Andronicus Ducas, whose nephew, Michael, had briefly held the Byzantine throne before Romanus and who would hold it again after the emperor was captured.
		Although there a few clues that something waits in the wings, introducing the secret of the valley earlier, or providing more hints as to what is coming, would have added a much deeper dimension to the book which is lacking as it is written.
	www.sfsite.com /~silverag/shwartz.html (502 words)

	Articles - Alp Arslan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Most historians, including Edward Gibbons, date the terrible defeat at Manzikert as the beginning of the end of the Eastern Roman Empire.
		Certainly while Malik Shah was competant, he was not a match for his father as conquerer, nor was he able to meld his realm into a single entity able to survive generations after his passing -- something his father intended on doing, and might well have been successful at.
		The dominion of Alp Arslan after Manzikert extended over much of western Asia.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Alp_Arslan (1233 words)

	The Rise of the Turks and the Ottoman Empire
		In 1071 Alp Arslan routed the Byzantine army at Manzikert near Lake Van, opening all of Anatolia to conquest by the Turks.
		When their homeland fell to the Seljuks after the Battle of Manzikert, large numbers of Armenians were dispersed throughout the empire, many of them settling in Constantinople, where in its centuries of decline they became generals and statesmen as well as craftsmen, builders, and traders.
		Within ten years of the Battle of Manzikert, the Seljuks had won control of Anatolia.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Turkey2.html (3639 words)

	IGN: Age of Empires II: The Conquerors, the Battles of the Conquerors
		The eight historical battles are drawn from a range of conflicts, from Hastings to Manzikert to Kyoto.
		As a fourth campaign, we brought to light an idea that had been kicking around since AOK: what to do with all those famous battles that were important in history, but not robust enough to support an entire campaign.
		In Manzikert, the Turkish player has no villagers and must get the resources needed for extra troops by conquering Byzantine towns.
	pc.ign.com /articles/084/084104p1.html (635 words)

	A Short History of Byzantium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Norwich then discusses the events that followed the founding of Constantinople, and I found myself fascinated by his conclusion that the disastrous Battle of Adrianople (A.D. 378) need never have been fought at all.
		One result of this great battle was a fatal weakening of the Roman Empire, much as the debacle at Manzikert (A.D. 1071) would doom the Byzantine Empire.
		The final rift with Rome was bad enough, but the disaster at Manzikert in A.D. 1071 is widely regarded as one of the telling blows that led to the Empire’s fall.
	members.aol.com /TFGrantel/books/short_byzantine.html (1300 words)

	History of TURKEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The armies meet in 1071 at Manzikert, near Lake Van.
		The battle, a resounding victory for the Seljuks, is a turning point in the story of the Byzantine empire.
		They make Nicaea their capital until it is recovered by the Byzantines during the first crusade, in 1097.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac94 (1673 words)

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