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Topic: Maori mythology

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Rangi

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	Maori mythology and history - origin myths and folklore of the Maori of New Zealand
		To some Maori tribes 'Hawaiki' is a reference to the Cook Islands, possibly because their ancestors came to New Zealand from the Society Islands by way of the Cook group.
		Although the Archaic Maori is popularly called a 'Moa Hunter', the expression, with its economic overtones, is misleading as there were areas of the country populated by people from East Polynesia who would never have encountered the bird.
		For protein the Maori remained dependent on fish, birdlife and the occasional Maori rat, and it seems that the practice of cannibalism may have had its origin in this lack of meat - although in later times it was to assume a religious rather than a dietary character.
	maori.info /maori_history.htm (4009 words)

	Myths Of Origins And The Deluge Of Polynesia
		IN considering the mythology of these peoples it will be most convenient to begin with the cosmogonic myths, for these are not only in themselves very interesting, as presenting un-usual features, but also show, in an unmistakable manner, the composite character of the mythology as a whole.
		Leaving Maori mythology and turning to the other island groups in Polynesia it is apparent that the cosmogonic myths, current in the Marquesas present striking analogies to some of those in New Zealand.
		Tongan mythology also refers to the primeval sea and to the realm of the gods far away, whence Maui sails to fish up the land of Tonga 42 This latter episode seems to represent a different element almost throughout Polynesia and probably should not be regarded as belonging to this theme.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles29/mythology-2.shtml (8819 words)

	Maori Mythology
		About the middle of the last century certain Maori priests of some of the east coast tribes were consecrating classes in their school of sacred learning with prayers to Io-the-self-creative, a god unknown elsewhere in Polynesia.
		Maori gods were sometimes represented by carved godsticks bound with cord.
		Amongst the Maoris the planting and cultivating of the kumara (sweet potato) was accompanied by considerable ritual which culminated in the lifting of the crop by the priest when the appearance of the star called Whanui gave the signal for the harvest to begin.
	www.janeresture.com /polynesia_myths/newzealand.htm (987 words)

	Mythology
		A second meaning of the term mythology is the academic study of myths and systems of myths in general.
		Broadly speaking myths and mythologies seek to rationalize and explain the universe and all that is in it.
		Similarly, the Maori of New Zealand attributed the morning dew to the tears of the god Rangi (Heaven) for the goddess Papa (Earth) from whom he was separated.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/m/mythology.html (756 words)

	Roma Potiki's embracing the other from a modernnewzealandmaoriwoman's perspective
		The physical presence of the earth, in particular Papatuanuku, the earth mother, and the connection to Maori mythology and her ancestors are at the essence of Potiki's most powerful poems.
		Maori mythology is an integral part of her outlook on life.
		She rejects images of Maori generated by the Pakeha and then again she uses them in affirmation of Maori authority and status, for instance when she points at the connection of the Maori to land and nature.
	webdoc.sub.gwdg.de /edoc/ia/eese/artic22/duppee/4_2002.html (4606 words)

	TANAHAKA - www.tanahaka.de - Mythology Definitions
		Of all the traditional garments of the Maori, it is the feather cloak which is the most highly prized as a family and personal heirloom.
		He represents the sky and in Maori mythology, is the founding father of mankind.
		Maori god of the sea, one of the sons of Rangi and Papa.
	www.tanahaka.de /myth_10.htm (1010 words)

	MSN Encarta - Mythology Quiz
		Encarta invites you into the mysterious world of gods and monsters that is mythology.
		In Maori mythology, Tane, son of Rangi and Papa, who represent the sky and the earth, created the first human from what substance?
		In Native American mythology, which animals are believed to be separated from humans only by their fur?
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/quiz/Quiz.aspx?QuizID=925 (120 words)

	Mythology of the Maori of Aotearoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to the Maori people of New Zealand, Rangi was the Sky Father and his wife was the Mother Earth, Papa.
		In the mythology of the Maori of New Zealand / Aotearoa, Papa is the personification of the Earth and is a female goddess.
		Maori tribal land perhaps had behind it the idea of joint property and that we should not forget even for a moment that this whole animate world is a large joint family.
	www.newsbackup.com /ptopic95783.html (3867 words)

	What lies beneath by Mike Grimshaw \| New Zealand Listener
		Governor Grey was an early collector, part of the attempt to remake Maori as noble savages, possessing a "folklore" worthy of comparison to Greek and Roman myths; that is, primitive yet worthy.
		This is a revision that says, "We live in a Maori country." It strips off the Pakeha topsoil and restores the primacy of Maori ritual and seasons.
		Today there is no justification to compare Maori mythology to Christian mythology in a manner that seeks to perpetuate a form of imaginary anonymous Christianity only perceived by a Maori elite.
	www.listener.co.nz /printable,2531.sm (1514 words)

	Cape Reinga - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Cape Reinga (or Te Rerenga Wairua in the Maori language) is the northwesternmost tip of the Aupouri Peninsula, at the northern end of the North Island of New Zealand.
		According to Maori mythology, the spirits of the dead travel to Cape Reinga on their journey to the afterlife in the spiritual homeland of Hawaiki.
		Cape Reinga, Meeting of the seas, Maori mythology and Lighthouse.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Cape_Reinga (437 words)

	TANAHAKA - www.tanahaka.de - Mythology
		To understand Maori values and Maori issues related to the Motueka catchment, it is essential to start with an understanding of Maori mythology, Maori migration and tribal origins, Maori ancestry, history, conflicts, relocation, and settlement and land tenure up to present day.
		Mana whenua is the Maori term for this concept of collective authority in a specific geographic area, by whatever means it was accomplished.
		The two Maori chiefs returned to Otaki and, although feelings ran high among Maori and pakeha, Government Fitzroy and a group of senior officials met them at Waikanae, heard their account of what had happened, which became known as the Wairau massacre, and decided not to take any punitive action.
	www.tanahaka.de /myth.htm (1535 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		White also produced scholarly, ethnological pieces, including Maori superstitions (1856); 'Lectures on Maori customs and superstitions' (1861); Plan of the Maori mythology (1878); 'Legendary history of the Maoris' (1880); and 'A chapter from Maori mythology' (1890), which was prepared at the invitation of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science.
		It was favourably reviewed or commented on by Edward Tregear, an up-and-coming scholar of Maori; A. Atkinson, an old friend of White and a skilled Maori linguist; William Wyatt Gill, a collector of Cook Islands traditions; Adolf Bastian, a German ethnologist; Max Müller, an Oxford university orientalist; and E. Tylor, a British anthropologist.
		It is certain that he was a competent speaker of Maori: evidence suggests he was by the 1870s the equal of a native speaker.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=1W18 (1590 words)

	MYTHING LINKS / Indigenous Peoples: Maori
		Among the Maori, this art form is called moko, and it was a sign of high rank and spiritual commitment, both for men and women.
		Maori men and women did not subject themselves to this because it was a fad; nor was it a way to rebel against societal standards.
		Again, it should be noted that Maori faces were carved, not punctured (a puncturing technique was reserved for other parts of the body); in some cases, the process was so lengthy and painful that only those who could afford servants to feed and tend them after the ritual procecure could afford moko.
	mythinglinks.org /ip~maori.html (1558 words)

	Mythology of the Maori of Aotearoa
		In the mythology of the Maori of New Ze aland / Aotearoa, Papa is the personification of the Earth and is a female g oddess.
		Maori tribal land perhaps had behind it the idea of joint property and that we should not forget even for a moment that this whole animate world is a la rge joint family.
		The Maori w ere quick in learning it and also reading and writing it when it was introdu ced into Aotearoa.
	www.pahealthsystems.com /message157529.html (4170 words)

	Film-making in the service of identity politics Whale Rider, directed by Niki Caro
		Their future is conceived in an entirely utopian manner—as the rediscovery of tribal roots and assertion of cultural traditions and “spirituality”—separated entirely from that of the working class as a whole.
		Yet, at the same time, Maori workers who have been at the centre of assaults on jobs, living standards and social rights remain among the poorest, most oppressed, ill-educated and imprisoned layers of the population.
		Links with tribal origins are tenuous or non-existent, particularly among the 80 percent of urban-based Maori, whose conditions of life are determined, like those of the rest of the working class, by the demands of the profit system.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2004/mar2004/rev-m31.shtml (2324 words)

	Oceanic Mythology - Miscellaneous Tales
		In Maori mythology a number of tales cluster about a herodeity named Tawhaki and his grandson Rata; and we may well begin the consideration of the residuum of Polynesian mythology with an outline of this story.' Whaitari or Whatitiri ("Thunder") was a female divinity of cannibalistic propensities who lived in the sky.
		Leaving Uta at the house, she then went down to the canoe, where she ate up all the fish, scattering the grass and trampling down the bushes, after which she made many tracks, both large and small, in the sand, that it might look as though a marauding party had come and stolen them.
		A Maori tale 92 that purports to record some of the reasons for the traditional emigration from the ancestral fatherland includes incidents which are of value from a comparative standpoint.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles29/mythology-4.shtml (10071 words)

	Maori Art and Culture
		Toi Maori is a network of committees which serves as an umbrella structure for the ten national artform committees and their affiliated organisations.
		From Hawaiki to Hawaiki.The magic of being Maori the indigenous Maori people - their culture, history, mythology, legend and whakapapa (genealogy).
		Ngai Tahu are the Maori people of the southern islands of New Zealand, Te Waipounamu., and are New Zealand's fourth largest tribe.
	www.zeroland.co.nz /new_zealand_maori.html (588 words)

	► » Mythology of the Maori of Aotearoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the mythology of the Maori of New Zealand
		Maori tribal land perhaps had behind it the idea of joint property and that we
		Maori and Pakeha intermixing is a somewhat naive analysis.
	www.science-one.org /Mythology-of-the-Maori-of-Aotearoa-------5510044.html (3190 words)

	Maori Masks of New Zealand
		Parata: These Maori Masks are carved in a more realistic manner, and was traditionally fixed to a Waka (canoe) or on the main gable of a house.
		Koruru: (Ruru is Maori for Owl) Representing an ancestor of chiefly line, Koruru is the carved head adorning the apex of the gable board of the Maori Whare (meeting house).
		In Maori Mythology monsters were called "Taniwha" Marakihau was one such Taniwha that lived in rivers or along sea coasts.
	www.giftsnz.com /masks.htm (531 words)

	[No title]
		According to Maoris, the islands of the Pacific Ocean were created by their struggle which represents the beginning of warfare.
		The embrace of the sky with the earth was viewed by the Maoris as a passionate embrace between a male and a female.
		This Maori story symbolizes the influence of the moon on the rain and on the waters of the earth, and especially on the tides.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /mythology/source/Polynesia.txt (2078 words)

	Pania -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She would travel up the stream to an area where she could rest among the (Plant of the genus Linum that is cultivated for its seeds and for the fibers of its stem) flax bushes.
		Karitoki, the very handsome son of a Maori chief, quenched his thirst every evening at the stream where Pania rested because it had the sweetest water.
		He was unaware she was observing him for many weeks until one night she whispered a faint spell.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/pania.htm (431 words)

	Draadlogger » Tattoo History - 'Maori Moko'
		According to Maori mythology, tattooing commenced with a love affair between a young man by the name of Mataora (which means "Face of Vitality") and a young princess of the underworld by the name of Niwareka.
		The Maori had an unusual custom of removing and preserving the heads of their tattooed chiefs after death.
		One of the maori canoes deliberately rammed the boat and swung alongside, when three of his crew members were cut down by the maori and killed, another mortally wounded.
	www.dreadloki.com /pivot/pivot/entry.php?uid=standard-701&action=show (1643 words)

	Wellington’s early history: Maori mythology
		The earliest name for Wellington, from Maori legend, is Te Upoko o te Ika a Maui.
		In Maori it means ‘the head of Maui's fish.’ Caught and pulled to the surface by Polynesian navigator Maui, the fish became the North Island.
		According to Maori Legend, Maui is said to have fished up the North Island of New Zealand (Te Ika Maui) from his great canoe (the South Island).
	www.newzealand.com /travel/media/backgrounders/maoriculture_wlgmaorimyth_backgrounder.cfm (351 words)

	Maori People of Aotearoa / New Zealand - From Hawaiki to Hawaiki - Contents
		The Maori People - aspects of history, culture, mythology and legend.
		Whakapapa Maori - an introduction to Maori genealogy and some examples of tribal whakapapa from the tribes of the Kurahaupo and Takitimu waka (canoes).
		What is community development and what is Maori development.
	maaori.com (109 words)

	nzepc - Robert Sullivan - From waka to whakapapa - Peter Marsden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In and through all this, Sullivan is turning more and more into a representative figure constructively and creatively straddling the Maori and Pakeha cultures in both formal and thematic terms and his work can thus in turn be taken as a classic case of the intellectually fashionable notion of syncretism or "hyphenatedness".
		The coracle connexion suggests certain parallels and overlaps between Maori and Gaelic, indeed Celtic culture, starting with the common oral tradition, and perhaps including a less clearly definable but undeniable strain of spontaneity, as opposed to the 'straight' Pakeha lineage.
		The vessels — whether canoe or tall ship, or rather: canoe and tall ship, that is the point — that brought the poet's ancestors to where he now is, were at the same time the media by which their culture, value systems, language and art forms were transmitted.
	www.nzepc.auckland.ac.nz /authors/sullivan/marsden.asp (3209 words)

	The Cryptid Zoo: Maero (or New Zealand Wildman) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The maero are described by the Maori (the native race of New Zealand) as looking much like themselves, except that the maero were bigger and had shaggy hair growing all over their bodies.
		To complicate the picture, the maero is often confused with two types of fairy folk from Maori mythology.
		The other is the Maori ogres, flesh-eating giants who are usually not so hairy as the maero and are also endowed with supernatural powers.
	www.newanimal.org /maero.htm (394 words)

	New Zealand Maori Culture : Maori Culture in New Zealand
		Come and discover Tâne Mahuta the Maori God of the Forest and discover a people who live in harmony with nature and find out how our culture has grown.
		Let us show you all the wonders of the Maori life as it was lived by our Whanau (Family) many generations ago.
		TE HIKOI MAORI - Nelson At Te Hikoi Maori we have developed and rediscovered a range of experiences for you to explore the heart of Maori culture in New Zealand.
	www.tourism.net.nz /attractions/maori-culture (1185 words)

	Reed Publishing
		The Reed Book of Maori Mythology is a new and updated version of A.W. Reed’s classic A Treasury of Maori Folklore (1963).
		The book tells the stories of the creation of the universe, of Rangi and Papa and the children of earth and sky, of the demigods Maui and Tawhaki, of supernatural monsters and fairies, and of heroes and lovers.
		For centuries Maori were isolated from the rest of the Polynesian world and subsequently developed a remarkably rich, and in many ways unique, mythology.
	www.reed.co.nz /title.cfm?titleid=2945 (139 words)

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