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Topic: Mapping of Unicode characters

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	The Java Community Process(SM) Program - JSRs: Java Specification Requests - detail JSR# 204
		Unicode is an evolving standard, and the Java platform has tracked the standard so that it now supports Unicode 3.0 in J2SE 1.4.
		Unicode 3.1 is the first version to assign characters outside the BMP.
		Characters outside the BMP are called supplementary characters and Planes 1 through 16 are called Supplementary Planes in the Unicode specification.
	www.jcp.org /en/jsr/detail?id=204 (952 words)

	Glossary
		A character that is equivalent to a sequence of one or more other characters, according to the decomposition mappings found in the Unicode Character Database, and those described in Section 3.12, Conjoining Jamo Behavior.
		A mapping from a character to a sequence of one or more characters that is a canonical or compatibility equivalent and that is listed in the character names list or described in Section 3.12, Conjoining Jamo Behavior.
		The diaeresis is not distinguished from the umlaut in the Unicode character encoding.
	www.unicode.org /glossary (8703 words)

	Unicode Summary
		The Unicode Consortium has as its ambitious goal the eventual replacement of existing character encoding schemes with Unicode, as many of the existing schemes are limited in size and scope, and are incompatible with multilingual environments.
		Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard which find wide usage in various countries of the world, but remain largely incompatible with each other.
		Unicode is criticized for failing to allow for older and alternate forms of kanji which, critics argue, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names, although it follows the recommendations of Japanese language scholars and of the Japanese government.
	www.bookrags.com /Unicode (5485 words)

	Unicode - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Unicode Consortium has as its ambitious goal the eventual replacement of existing character encoding schemes with Unicode, as many of the existing schemes are limited in size and scope, and are incompatible with multilingual environments.
		Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard which find wide usage in various countries of the world, but remain largely incompatible with each other.
		Unicode is criticized for failing to allow for older and alternate forms of kanji, which, it is said, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names, although it follows the recommendations of Japanese scholars of the language and of the Japanese government.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Unicode (4458 words)

	UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms
		An offset into a Unicode string is a number from 0 to n, where n is the length of the string and indicates a position that is logically between Unicode code units (or at the very front or end in the case of 0 or n, respectively).
		Unicode provides a mechanism for those implementations that require not only normalized strings, but also the normalization process, to be absolutely stable between two versions (including the edge cases mentioned in Section 3.2, Stability of the Normalization Process).
		For example, for a Unicode 4.0 implementation to produce the same results as Unicode 3.2, the five characters mentioned in [Corrigendum4] are premapped to the old values given in version 4.0 of the UCD data file [Corrections].
	www.unicode.org /reports/tr15 (9142 words)

	2001-09: Mapping of EACC characters to Unicode/UCS
		Proposed mappings for Korean hangul, Japanese kana, CJK punctuation and component characters, and additions and changes to the Unicode Consortium's mappings for EACC ideographs were posted for public review by the library community in March 2001.
		The mapping of the remaining 2,490 EACC characters was handled in a variety of ways depending upon the repertoire of characters into which different groups fit.
		These component characters were defined for input interfaces that use a series of components, that when combined can be interpreted to give the person keying data a choice from among a small number of matching ideographs.
	www.loc.gov /marc/marbi/2001/2001-09.html (1048 words)

	Unicode's characters
		If each character in the CCS is only reachable through one unique number and there is only one standard way to split a text into characters, then we also have a well-defined mapping for the reverse operation: each text has one unique encoded representation, very easy to search for.
		Unicode does not inform you which combinations are particularly likely to occur and thus worthy of precomposition besides the precomposed Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Arabic "compatibility" characters.
		Unicode expects renderers to be able to "draw" accents over, under, into, through and around arbitrary base characters or already-accented glyphs and still get spacing and appearance right and even know of aberrations like that certain cedillas jump over their base letter or haceks turn into apostrophes.
	czyborra.com /unicode/characters.html (3463 words)

	Unicode Character Database
		It must be used in conjunction with the data in the other files in the Unicode Character Database, and relies on the notation and definitions supplied in The Unicode Standard.
		Characters whose principal function is to extend the value or shape of a preceding alphabetic character.
		The latter is an informative mapping of a subset of the BidiMirrored characters, to characters that normally have the corresponding mirrored glyph.
	www.unicode.org /Public/UNIDATA/UCD.html (7345 words)

	MySQL AB :: Unicode and Other Funny Characters
		A character encoding is a way of mapping a character (the letter 'A') to an integer in a character set (the number 65 in the US-ASCII character set).
		For character sets that wouldn't fit in a single byte, double-byte character sets created, and so were multi-byte character sets that use a special character to signal a shift between single-byte and double-byte encoding.
		The Unicode Consortium came together to create a specification for a character encoding that would be able to encompass the characters in all written languages (although contrary to what you may have heard, that does not yet include Klingon).
	dev.mysql.com /tech-resources/articles/4.1/unicode.html (1868 words)

	UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ
		Unicode database) is now also available, which is implemented by just overstriking (logical OR-ing) a base-character glyph with up to two combining-character glyphs.
		It is important to understand that the primary purpose of these tables was to demonstrate that Unicode is a superset of the mapped legacy encodings, and to document the motivation and origin behind those Unicode characters that were included into the standard primarily for round-trip compatibility reasons with older character sets.
		The Unicode consortium used to maintain mapping tables to CJK character set standards, but has declared them to be obsolete, because their presence on the Unicode web server led to the development of a number of inadequate and naive EUC converters.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /~mgk25/unicode.html (14489 words)

	ICU Userguide
		A text encoding is a particular mapping from a given character set definition to the actual bits used to represent the data.
		Unicode provides a single character set that covers the major languages of the world, and a small number of machine-friendly encoding forms and schemes to fit the needs of existing applications and protocols.
		Some platforms map this codepage byte sequence to one Unicode character, while another platform maps it to the other Unicode character.
	www.icu-project.org /userguide/conversion.html (805 words)

	The Java Community Process(SM) Program - JSRs: Java Specification Requests - detail JSR# 204
		Unicode is an evolving standard, and the Java platform has tracked the standard so that it now supports Unicode 3.0 in J2SE 1.4.
		Unicode 3.1 is the first version to assign characters outside the BMP.
		Characters outside the BMP are called supplementary characters and Planes 1 through 16 are called Supplementary Planes in the Unicode specification.
	jcp.org /en/jsr/detail?id=204 (952 words)

	Mapping of Unicode characters - Definition, explanation
		Furthermore, ranges of characters have been tentatively blocked out for every known unencoded script (see [1]), and while Unicode may need another plane for ideographic characters, there are ten planes that could only be needed if previously unknown scripts with tens of thousands of characters are discovered.
		Similarily the ConScript Unicode Registry aims to coordinate the mapping of scripts not yet encoded in or rejected by Unicode in the PUAs.
		The Medieval Unicode Font Initiative uses the PUA to encode various ligatures, precomposed characters, and symbols found in medieval texts.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/m/ma/mapping_of_unicode_characters.php (623 words)

	4.9 unicodedata -- Unicode Database
		If a character with the given name is found, return the corresponding Unicode character.
		The Unicode standard defines various normalization forms of a Unicode string, based on the definition of canonical equivalence and compatibility equivalence.
		For each character, there are two normal forms: normal form C and normal form D. Normal form D (NFD) is also known as canonical decomposition, and translates each character into its decomposed form.
	docs.python.org /lib/module-unicodedata.html (487 words)

	Mapping of Unicode characters
		The first 256 codes correspond with those of ISO 8859-1, the most popular 8-bit character encoding in the Western world.
		As a result, the first 128 characters are also identical to ASCII.
		Similarly the ConScript Unicode Registry aims to coordinate the mapping of scripts not yet encoded in or rejected by Unicode in the PUAs.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DPua%26type%3Den (619 words)

	Text - SVG 1.1 - 20030114
		For example, in Arabic, the same Unicode character might render as any of four different glyphs, depending on such factors as whether the character appears at the start, the end or the middle of a sequence of cursively joined characters.
		In many situations, the algorithms for mapping from characters to glyphs are system-dependent, resulting in the possibility that the rendering of text might be (usually slightly) different when viewed in different user environments.
		Characters and their corresponding glyphs.) The attributes and properties on the 'text' element indicate such things as the writing direction, font specification and painting attributes which describe how exactly to render the characters.
	www.w3.org /TR/SVG/text.html (8946 words)

	docbook2X: Character set conversion
		When translating XML to legacy ASCII-based formats with poor support for Unicode, such as man pages and Texinfo, there is always the problem that Unicode characters in the source document also have to be translated somehow.
		A straightforward character set conversion from Unicode does not suffice, because the target character set, usually US-ASCII or ISO Latin-1, do not contain common characters such as dashes and directional quotation marks that are widely used in XML documents.
		are character maps that may be used for man-page and Texinfo conversion.
	docbook2x.sourceforge.net /latest/doc/charsets.html (237 words)

	FAQ and Resources on Khmer in Unicode
		Therefor Khmer Unicode is by preference a phonetic encoding, one in which each character occurs in the order it is pronounced and spelled [which is also the sequence of sorting/collation/ordering].
		A presentation of Khmer Unicode in a Graphite engine was done at the 21st International Unicode Conference in Dublin, Ireland: http://www.unicode.org/iuc/iuc21/a329.html However, work needs to done on an interface with Microsoft SQL Server and other applications.
		A Khmer Unicode keyboard layout for Windows may be created using Keyman 6.0 (available in the Developer version from Marc Durdin of Travultesoft; however once a keyboard is created a run-time version is available for free for non-commercial or non-governmental use).
	www.bauhahnm.clara.net /Khmer/Welcome.html (5540 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions
		If you have a useful example of a FAQ (with an answer) that you would like to contribute, please send the question and the answer to us.
		If you have general questions, please join the Unicode mailing list and post your questions there.
		Discusses what to do when attempting to display unsupported Unicode characters.
	www.unicode.org /faq (494 words)

	Unicode Home Page
		Proposed Update to UAX #34 Unicode Named Character Sequences
		Proposed Draft UTR #42: An XML Representation of the UCD
		Proposed Update to UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms
	www.unicode.org (94 words)

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