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Topic: Maquis Forces International

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Get US Out of the United Nations - A World Effectively Controlled by The United Nations
		The international force would be decreasingly capable of coping with higher levels of aggression involving several countries, up to a point describable as true international civil war.
		International forces of a non-fighting variety could be utilized as adjuncts of the pacific settlement procedures by the organs of political investigation and pacific settlement, as the Security Council and Assembly used United Nations forces in Lebanon and, for that matter, in the Congo.
		New forces could be set into motion which we cannot now comprehend, leading in the direction of constitutional and organic development that might bear as little resemblance to the first stage as the United States system in 1961 bears to the thirteen colonies under the Articles of Confederation.
	www.un-freezone.org /bloomfield_7.html (11618 words)

	Maquis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Maquis (Spain) for the Spanish anti-Franco guerrilla acting after the (Civil war in Spain in which General Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government; during the war Spain became a battleground for fascists and socialists from all countries; 1936-1939) Spanish Civil War.
		Maquis Forces International (Star Trek) for the science fiction fan organization.
		Maquis (Corsica) for the (additional info and facts about 18th century) 18th century democracy on (A region of France on the island of Corsica; birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte) Corsica,
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/maquis.htm (149 words)

	Maquis Forces International - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Maquis Forces International (MFI) is the first completely Internet-based Star Trek®; fan organization, based on the renegade faction seen on various episodes of The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine and Voyager.
		MFI was developed as an alliance of Maquis clubs and individuals around the world for the purpose of the free exchange of ideas, information, and friendship.
		Being Maquis gives the members the freedom to act and play as they choose without an organization dictating how they run their chapters and eliminates the need for politics.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Maquis_Forces_International (175 words)

	Algerian War of Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) was a period of guerrilla strikes, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians on both sides, and riots between the French army and colonists in Algeria and the FLN and other pro-independence Algerians.
		To increase international and domestic French attention to their struggle, the FLN decided to bring the conflict to the cities and to call a nationwide general strike.
		Before the referendum, Abbas lobbied for international support for the GPRA, which was quickly recognized by Morocco, Tunisia, and several other Arab countries, by a number of Asian and African states, and by the Soviet Union and other East European states.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/algerian_war_of_independence (4541 words)

	Maquis Forces International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Maquis Forces International is a Star Trek fan association based on the Maquis debuting in Star Trek:The Next Generation.
		TheCommanding Officer of the NEBULA, Gary A. Davis was elected International Coordinator, and assigned the rank of Force Admiral(FADM).
		Maquis Forces International is broken up into Zones, basedon geographical location and a zone dedicated to Virtual Reality (Online) groups.
	www.therfcc.org /maquis-forces-international-338697.html (187 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Rules: Between Guerrilla Warfare and War Crimes
		The dilemma for coalition forces is obvious and excruciating: Under marching orders to spare civilians from hostile fire, British and American forces find themselves under attack by fighters masquerading as civilians.
		Despite the contributions of irregular forces to the Allied war effort during World War II and their ruthless treatment by Axis captors, diplomats continued, even after the war, to set a high bar for irregular forces to qualify for POW status in any future conflict.
		Under the 1949 Geneva Convention dealing with prisoners of war, irregular forces qualify for POW status only if they belong to a party to an interstate armed conflict; operate under responsible command; wear a distinctive emblem recognizable from a distance; carry their arms openly; and conduct their operations in accordance with the laws of war.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A32234-2003Apr4?language=printer (1693 words)

	The Protection of Women in International Humanitarian Law
		International humanitarian law makes particular reservations concerning the female sex in various cases, either in general terms ("without prejudice to the provisions relating to their sex...") or in more specific terms (separate dormitories, separate places of detention).
		In an international armed conflict, the situation of aliens in the territory of a Party to the conflict continues to be regulated, in principle, by provisions concerning aliens in time of peace.
		The armed forces of a Party to a conflict are recognized as such if they are organized and placed under a command responsible to that Party for the conduct of its subordinates, even if that Party is represented by a government or an authority not recognized by an adverse Party.
	www.icrc.org /Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/57JMFJ (7827 words)

	New Left Review - Tariq Ali: Mid-Point in the Middle East?
		American forces are overstretched, and the belief of troops in their mission is declining.
		Palestinian voters rebuffed the concerted threats and bribes of the âinternational communityâ in a campaign that saw Hamas members and other oppositionists routinely detained or assaulted by the idf, their posters confiscated or destroyed, us and eu funds channelled into the Fatah campaign, and us congressmen announcing that Hamas should not be allowed to run.
		Forcing their withdrawal, it could be hoped, would foment domestic unrest conducive to regime change.
	newleftreview.org /?page=article&view=2605 (5489 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for maquis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Fire in the Maquis, started by Autonomists, on the outskirts of Calvi, are controlled using sea planes that drop water in an attempt to co (LON72298)
		Fire in the Maquis, started by Autonomists, on the outskirts of Calvi, are controlled using sea planes that drop water in an attempt to co (LON72299)
		Fire in the Maquis, started by Autonomists, on the outskirts of Calvi, are controlled using sea planes that drop water in an attempt to co (LON72300)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=maquis (722 words)

	International Humanitarian Law - Geneva Conventions 1949; Third 1949 Geneva Convention
		The International Committee of the Red Cross always made every effort to secure for "partisans" captured by their adversaries the benefit of treatment as prisoners of war, provided of course that they themselves had conformed to the conditions laid down in Article 1 of the Regulations annexed to the Fourth Hague Convention of 1907.
		The expression "members of regular armed forces" denotes armed forces which differ from those referred to in sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph in one respect only: the authority to which they profess allegiance is not recognized by the adversary as a Party to the [p.63] conflict.
		The International Committee prepared a draft in accordance with this recommendation; this draft, which was accepted by the XVIIth International Red Cross Conference, provided that special agreements should be concluded on certain matters such as the rôle of the Protecting Power, free medical care, the financial resources of internees, and penal and disciplinary sanctions (67).
	www.icrc.org /ihl.nsf/COM/375-590007?OpenDocument (10607 words)

	On Terrorism & Liberation
		The international community is not unaware that in an armed conflict situation, violations of the humanitarian law of armed conflict need to be addressed by recourse to other fora.
		And, in any case, the international community is well aware that the violations by the LTTE paled into insignificance compared to the terror practised by the Sri Lankan state, the enactment of laws which were an
		These struggles are opposed in a variety of cruel and brutal ways by the political, economic and ideological forces associated with the main structures of domination present in the world that spread terrorism in a manner unknown in prior international experience...
	www.tamilnation.org /saty/060922terrorism.htm (3895 words)

	MODERN WARFARE: A French View of Counterinsurgency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Not swayed by the international implications of the situation, they believed that to abandon Algeria when military victory seemed so near for the first time would be not only another rank betrayal of a personal commitment but also a direct condemnation of their methods of combat.
		What the forces of order who have arrested him are seeking is not to punish a crime, for which he is otherwise not personally responsible, but, as in any war, the destruction of the enemy army or its surrender.
		To maintain them forces us to open and keep up roads, to protect supply convoys during the course of long hauls, and in general to carry on military activity in which we would not indulge if it were not for the outposts.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/trinquier/trinquier.asp (18748 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - State Party Report - Cambodia
		The Royal Government of Cambodia considers the international covenants and conventions it has signed as guidelines for the implementation of its policy of achieving equality for all before the law in all spheres, as provided for by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 15 of the Paris Agreement of 23 October 1991.
		The purpose of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is to encourage universal respect for human rights without distinction on grounds of race, sex, language or religious belief.
		In some cases, the authorities have to use force in order to quell armed resistance by the losing parties, who refuse to accept the court's decision, and the successful parties have to pay a sum of money in order to encourage those responsible for implementation of the decision to carry out this task.
	www.unhchr.ch /tbs/doc.nsf/0/5802883df58c5335802564c900528f7e?OpenDocument (11783 words)

	Trial of Karl Buck and Ten Others. United Nations War Crimes Commission, 1948
		Even if it had been proved that part of the Regiment were assisting the Maquis, it remained to be shown that the British and American prisoners were among those who took part in rendering such aid.
		Counsel claimed that there was evidence that the victims of the shooting had established such contact with Terrorists and the Maquis as would bring them within the scope of these orders, and that a “ security police case ” preceded the executions.
		There are some indications that this principle when applied to the provisions of international law is not regarded universally as being in all cases strictly enforceable.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /wcc/buck.htm (1662 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		However, irregulars can also be part of a country’s armed forces, as they are in Switzerland, where the army is composed almost entirely of uniformed militias.
		In internal armed conflicts, the most important characteristic of irregulars is that they prefer to blend into the civilian population and thus, often, endanger civilians as government forces will destroy or otherwise punish entire villages or towns in an attempt to neutralize rebel irregulars.
		In international conflicts, irregulars may be considered lawful combatants, entitled to prisoner of war status if they adhere to certain standards.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/irregulars.html (341 words)

	What is Terrorism? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Current definitions of terrorism fail to capture the magnitude of the problem worldwide and tend to falter around differences of political ideology: one state’s “terrorist” is another state’s “freedom fighter.” Witness the status of Nelson Mandela and the ANC before, during and after apartheid.
		It also ignores the critique of Western militarism, the growth of the arms industry as part of the military-research-industrial complex, the indirect forms of warfare waged on the underdeveloped world, and the way in which militarism is and always has been a daily part of the social and institutional fabric of Western way of life.
		The international community has shown that it doesn’t have the will, despite having the capacity, to help the suffering Tamil people in dismantling this terror apparatus of the state.
	www.tamilnation.org /tamileelam/armedstruggle/terrorism/index.htm (5859 words)

	Gilles Deleuze [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The point is that human forces aren't on their own enough to establish a dominant form in which man can install himself.
		Human forces (having an understanding, a will, an imagination and so on) have to combine with other forces: an overall form arises from this combination, but everything depends on the nature of other forces with which the human forces become linked.
		There remain bodies, which are forces, nothing but forces." (C2 139) Since the cinema of the time-image is concerned to liberate images from carrying or implying time in order to form narrative (no less than liberating time itself from narrative), images are themselves free now to express forces, "shocks of force," (C2 139).
	www.iep.utm.edu /d/deleuze.htm (13883 words)

	Maquis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cameroonian maquis, guerillas from the outlawed Union des Populations Camerounaises political party;
		The Corsican maquis democracy of the 18th century;
		The maquis shrublands found in France, Corsica, and elsewhere around the Mediterranean Sea;
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maquis (150 words)

	Trial of Karl Adam Golkel and Thirteen Others. United Nations War Crimes Commission, 1948
		Such references to German law, said Counsel, were made relevent by a principle of International Law that a soldier could not be punished for an action which the law of his country compelled him to do.
		The accused knew that there was some connection between the parachutists and the Maquis, which were operating in the district, and it was therefore reasonable for them to assume that the actions of the parachutists were illegal since the Maquis movement itself was, according to the Defence, a violation of International Law.
		Whether he belongs to the regular army or to an irregular corps, is an inhabitant or a deserter, their duty is the same : they are responsible for his person and must leave the decision of his fate to competent authority.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /WCC/golkel.htm (3492 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2001: Algeria: Human Rights Developments
		Although the violence was on a lesser scale than in earlier years, brutal and indiscriminate attacks on civilians and clashes between government forces and armed groups continued to claim an estimated 200 lives per month.
		The generally improved public security situation, especially in major cities, was reflected in fewer reported incidents of arbitrary arrests, "disappearances," and torture, but the lack of progress in resolving thousands of cases of "disappeared" persons remained a blight on the government's human rights record.
		Several individuals were detained and held incommunicado by security forces, at least one of whom remained unaccounted for in late October 2000.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k1/mideast/algeria.html (2194 words)

	MFI Awards Page
		To aid the cells/units and members of the Maquis Forces, International in the creation of awards to recognize the achievements of its members in various fields of service and fandom.
		To forard to the Command Council, the nominations and requests from the constituant cells/units of the Maquis Forces, International regarding awards to recognize the achievements of its members in various fields of service and fandom.
		It is the decision of the Council and/or the Force Admiral himself to 'upgrade' any MFI Service Commendation request to this level.
	www.geocities.com /tacgal2002/MFI/merribb.html (3379 words)

	Read about Maquis at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Maquis and learn about Maquis here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Maquis (World War II) for the French anti-Nazi resistance
		Maquis (Spain) for the Spanish anti-Franco guerrilla acting after the Spanish Civil War.
		Maquis (Corsica) for the 18th century democracy on
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Maquis (116 words)

	Encyclopedia: MFI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Maquis Forces International is The 1st completely Internet based Star Trek (R) fan organization, based on the renegade faction seen on various episodes of 'The Next Generation', 'Deep Space Nine' and 'Voyager'.
		This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page â” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
		In securities analysis using technical analysis Money Flow is an indicator that calculates an indexed value based on price and volume for the number of bars specified in the input Length.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/MFI (414 words)

	Army Col. Shirly Ray Trumps; Led Commando Units in WWII - washingtonpost.com
		Almost immediately, his team hooked up with Maquis fighters and led them in the defeat and capture of a 400-man garrison of the elite German 2nd Parachute Division in Quimper.
		Japanese forces ambushed the unit, although in the ensuing firefight, then-Capt. Trumps and his men managed to escape.
		He received an undergraduate degree in political science from the University of Maryland in 1956 and a master's degree in international affairs from American University in 1964.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/04/AR2006120401415_pf.html (879 words)

	Khieu Samphan Summary
		He was reelected in 1966, before disappearing into the maquis in 1967, fearing for his life after Sihanouk had begun to crack down heavily on Communists and suspected Communists.
		Samphan occupied several important posts in the Democratic Kampuchea regime (1975–1979) and, after it was ousted by the Vietnamese, continued to represent the movement on the international stage.
		After the coup of 1970 overthrew the government of Prince Sihanouk, the Khmer Communists, including Khieu Samphan, joined forces with the now-deposed monarch in establishing an anti-government coalition known as the Gouvernement Royal d'Union Nationale du Kampuchéa (GRUNK).
	www.bookrags.com /Khieu_Samphan (834 words)

	Maquis Forces International - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maquis Forces International (MFI) is the first completely Internet-based Star Trek® fan organization, based on the renegade faction seen on various episodes of The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine and Voyager.
		Maquis Forces International has been in existence since November 19th, 1995.
		This page was last modified 21:11, 18 August 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maquis_Forces_International (161 words)

	History of the French Resistance - the Alliance Reseau, Maquis, FTP and FFI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		She then joined the Maquis and worked with the British SOE spy organization in the last days before France was liberated.
		The Maquis was independent from the other resistance groups; they operated as guerrilla fighters in rural areas and especially in mountainous regions.
		One of the most well-known victims of the Maquis was Major Helmut Kämpfe, the commander of Der Führer Battalion 3, who was kidnapped on 9 June 1944 and killed the next day.
	www.scrapbookpages.com /Natzweiler/History/FrenchResistance.html (4743 words)

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