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Topic: Maquis shrubland

In the News (Fri 18 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Herpetology - Two species of New Caledonian lizards endemic to maquis shrubland
		The maquis shrubland vegetation of New Caledonia is a characteristic low and heath-like.
		The flora of maquis shrubland on New Caledonia's ultramafic substrates is rich in species and with a very high degree of endemism.
		Lioscincus tillieri appears to be endemic to maquis habitat in the ultramafic block that covers much of the southern third of the island and occurs over a broad latitudinal range from 200-1000 m elevation.
	www.amonline.net.au /herpetology/research/maquis.htm (0 words)

	Shrubland at AllExperts
		Shrublands form in several different biomes, and may be either a permanent habitat type, stable over time, or a transitional one, caused when another habitat type is disturbed by natural or human causes, like fire or logging.
		Tropical and subtropical shrublands are classified with tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas in the Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
		Temperate shrublands are classified with temperate grasslands and savannas in the Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/sh/shrubland.htm (330 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - New Caledonia - Overview
		In drier areas on the western coast, there are a few small patches left of sclerophyllous forest.
		Maquis shrubland dominates the southern third of the island, at both high and low altitudes.
		High-altitude maquis occupies most of its original extent of around 100 kmÂ², while low-altitude maquis is now the most extensive natural formation in the country.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/new_caledonia (417 words)

	Geog_Home
		Abstract: Araucaria laubenfelsii and Araucaria montana are emergent conifers in maquis and forest communities which are subjected to a combination of fire and cyclonic disturbances.
		Abstract: The landscape scale pattern of distribution of maquis, maquis with emergent conifers (Araucaria laubenfelsii), and rainforest, on ultramafic substrate at Mt Do, New Caledonia is investigated in relation to soil and plant chemistry, light and moisture.
		Disturbance by fire is important in determining the presence and abundance of maquis and rainforest at the landscape level and is discussed in detail by Perry et al.
	globe.geog.niu.edu /Rigg_Research03.htm (2847 words)

	ConservationEvidence.com
		The influence of maquis thinning was analysed for those species of hunting interest: red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa, quail Coturnix coturnix, woodpigeon Columba palumbus, turtle dove Streptopelia turtur, song thrush Turdus philomelos and mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus.
		Average body mass of bird species was significantly larger in thinned than in unthinned maquis, and in spring than in winter.
		Conclusions: These results indicate that thinning of woody maquis vegetation, unsuprisingly, modifies the vegetation structure, as a consequence of which it also alters several aspects of bird community structure, including species richness, guild composition and average body mass.
	www.conservationevidence.com /ViewEntry.asp?ID=597 (1257 words)

	Chaparral (Mediterranean) Biome
		Vegetation types can range from forests to woodlands, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands; "mosaic" landscapes are common, where differing vegetation types are interleaved with one another in complex patterns created by variations in soils, topography, exposure to wind and sun, and fire history.
		Shrubland: Shrublands are dense thickets of evergreen sclerophyll shrubs and small trees, called chaparral (California), matorral (Chile and Spain), maquis (France and elsewhere around the Mediterranean), macchia (Italy) fynbos (South Africa), or kwongan (Southwest Australia).
		In some places shrublands are the mature vegetation type, and in other places the result of degradation of former forest or woodland by logging or overgrazing, or disturbance by major fires.
	www.thewildclassroom.com /biomes/chaparral.html (0 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Shrubland (or matorral), maquis and garrigue are low formations, distinguished from one another by the height of their dominant layers.
		Shrubland and maquis occur on siliceous soil, while garrigue is found only on calcareous soil.
		They are generally degraded forms of closed or relatively closed forests, and although some do appear to be climax formations, they are most often the result of human activities (overgrazing, firewood collection, repeated burning, etc.).
	www.fao.org /forestry/site/6473/en/dza/page.jsp (160 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Maquis shrubland
		Although maquis is by definition 'wild', its appearance in many places is due to human destruction of natural forest cover, mainly by frequent burning preventing young trees from maturing.
		The extremely dense nature of maquis made it ideal cover for bandits and guerrillas, who would use it to shelter from the authorities.
		It is from this meaning that the Second World War French resistance movement, the Maquis, derived its name.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Maquis_shrubland (236 words)

	Chaparral
		Chaparral is a Shrubland Biome found primarily in California, USA, that is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot dry summers) and wildfire.
		There is no scientific evidence to support the notion that native shrublands have become unhealthy due to overgrowth.
		Detailed analysis of historical fire data has shown that not only have fire suppression activities failed to exclude fire from southern California chaparral as they have in ponderosa pine forests, but the number of fires is actually increasing in step with population growth.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ch/Chaparral.htm (822 words)

	Hotspots Revisited
		The typical and most widespread vegetation type is maquis or matorral, a hard-leaved shrubland dominated by Cistus, Erica, Genista, Juniperus, Myrtus, Phillyrea, Pistacia, and other evergreens, and similar in appearance to the chaparral of California and the matorral of Chile (Di Castri and Mooney 1973).
		Although maquis now covers more than half of the region, much of it has been derived from forest formations created by humaninduced disturbances.
		Shrublands, including maquis and the aromatic, softleaved and drought phrygana of Rosmarinus, Salvia, and Thymus, persist in the semiarid, lowland, and coastal regions of the Basin.
	www.biodiversityscience.org /publications/hotspots/MediterraneanBasin.html (1649 words)

	Herpetology - Maruia Maquis Skink
		Of particular concern is the affect of fire on maquis shrubland, leading to simplification (loss of diversity) of the habitat.
		Infestations of Crazy Ants in maquis shrubland in Province Sud has only been recently been identified as a potential threat to lizard diversity.
		The species overall small distribution in combination with a suite of threats which impact on the area, extent and/or quality of habitat occupied by the species, indicate it is most appropriately categorised as Vulnerable.
	www.amonline.net.au /herpetology/research/species_accounts/l_maruia.htm (0 words)

	What is the Chaparral Biome?
		Shrubland, or chaparral, doesn't cover much of the planet's surface, but this coastal biome is created when cooler seawater meets a landmass with high average temperatures.
		In the south we find the "matorral" of Chile, "fynbos" of southern South Africa, and the westernmost coast of Australia's "mallee." The landscape can vary from furrowed valleys and plains to rolling hills and rocky mountains.
		Across the world, the climate of the shrubland is known as Mediterranean.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-the-chaparral-biome.htm (375 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Even though a diverse assortment of vegetative and floral features are present in the family, the Cistaceae are usually known for their aromatic, showy-flowered species which dominate Old World maquis (Corsican for rockrose) ecosystems.
		The Cistaceae are promising candidates for studies geared toward a better understanding of morphological form, breeding systems, chromosomal evolution, biogeography, shrubland ecology, and host-parasite relationships; however, research has been hindered by the lack of a reliable natural classification.
		The family has largely been neglected taxonomically, and higher- and lower-level taxonomy remain obscure because traditional schemes have revolved around "field identifiable" vegetative and floral attributes, with little agreement on their value in defining natural groups.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/DEB.BIO.a9972646.txt (354 words)

	Maquis shrubland - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Maquis (French) or macchia (Italian; plural macchie) is a shrubland biota in Mediterranean countries, typically consisting of densely-growing evergreen shrubs such as sage, juniper and myrtle.
		Although maquis is by definition 'wild', its appearance in many places is due to human destruction of natural forest cover, mainly by frequent burning preventing young trees from maturing.
		It is from this meaning that the Second World War French resistance movement, the Maquis, derived its name.
	www.australiagrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Maquis_%28biota%29 (198 words)

	Chaparral information - Search.com
		Chaparral is a shrubland biome found primarily in California, USA, that is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot dry summers) and wildfire.
		Similar plant communities are found in the five other Mediterranean climate regions around the world, including the Mediterranean (where it is known as maquis), central Chile (matorral), South African Cape Region (known there as fynbos), and Australia (Western and Southern).
		Detailed analysis of historical fire data has shown that not only have fire suppression activities failed to exclude fire from southern California chaparral as they have in ponderosa pine forests, but the number of fires is actually increasing in step with population growth.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Chaparral (894 words)

	ALN No. 54: Rackham: Fire in the Mediterranean
		Natural vegetation varies, according to climate and geology, from forest to savanna to shrubland to desert.
		Some countries claim to record the number of fires (how big does a small fire have to be to be counted?) or the source of ignition (where the fire itself often destroys the evidence).
		Forest and shrubland fires, by definition, do not affect land that is cultivable by present standards.
	ag.arizona.edu /OALS/ALN/aln54/rackham.html (3314 words)

	Orjen - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The ridges also have a variety of Mediterranean alpine vegetation - oromediterranean pastures.The typical karst country with bare limestone rochocks interspersed with parches of wood is found on lower altitudes.
		White Oak, Hop-hornbeam and Montpellier Maple, or the characteristic scrub of the maquis shrubland and garrigue are notable.
		There are stony meadows in the sunken dolina of the karst that contrast vividly with the stony slopes and rocky scrubland all round.Higher altitudes are characterised by heavy beech forest with occasional open grassy pastures.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Orjen (2837 words)

	Book of the Amber Dragon » Greece - Evil Vegetation, aka Maquis (The phrygana was actually quite nice)
		We encountered lots of different plants that make up maquis during fieldwalking, here are some of the notables.
		James had told me about some maquis that made him break out almost in a rash, he would get shivers up and down his body, some kind of histamine reaction.
		It would grow through other maquis, and lurk in the underlayers, so as you strode through it would wrap around your leg and cut into your inner thigh.
	www.amberdragon.ca /book/index.php?p=105 (2335 words)

	Maquis shrubland
		Maquis (French) or macchia (Italian; plural macchie) is a shrubland biome in Mediterranean countries, typically consisting of densely-growing evergreen shrubs such as sage, juniper and myrtle.
		Although maquis is by definition 'wild', its appearance in many places is due to human destruction of natural forest cover, mainly by frequent burning preventing young trees from maturing.
		The extremely dense nature of maquis made it ideal cover for bandits and guerrillas, who would use it to shelter from the authorities.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DMacchia (220 words)

	The Construction of Scrub in California and the Mediterranean Borderlands, Dr. C.M. Rodrigue, AGU 2004
		This leads to the formation of a maqui, consisting of bushes the height of a man. Maqui is also encountered on slopes where the soil is too shallow to support tall forest.
		Wherever moisture is concentrated in depressions or on the cooler north-facing hills slopes, deciduous and evergreen oaks occur in groves.
		Prehistoric shrubland landscapes are hypothesized to have exhibited fine-grained age-patch mosaics in which fire spread was limited by the age and spatial pattern of fuels.
	www.csulb.edu /~rodrigue/agu04.html (4481 words)

	Chapter5
		Most of those are degraded forests of the maquis or garrigue type (matorral or chaparral) where the main resource is grazing; secondary resources being fuel gathering, charcoal and distillation (rosemary, juniper).
		In their immense majority, these shrublands are essentially browselands on which a livestock population of some 20 million sheep equivalent depend entirely for their feeding (out of a total livestock population of some 100 million sheep equivalents in the region); the remainder of the livestock population depending partly on rangeland and partly on cropland
		The Cedrus forest or shrubland is good summer range for some of the transhumant herds of Morocco and Algeria where they occur on some 150 000 hectares.
	www.ilri.org /InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/Browse_in_Africa/Chapter5.htm (8532 words)

	Development Site: Forestry
		These include the tropical rain forest, temperate deciduous forest, boreal needleleaf forest (taiga), Mediterranean shrubland (maquis), and savannah.
		The Mediterranean shrubland is an interspersed plant formation comprised of trees, shrubs and climbers.
		The tree community of the Mediterranean shrubland of Israel is typified by the local common oak (Quercus calliprinos) and pistachio (Pistacia palestina).
	desert.bgu.ac.il /desert/EngSite.aspx?SiteId=3327&ItemId=4514 (307 words)

	IALE-OZ NEWSLETTER - ISSUE 2.1 April 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A. laubenfelsii is the sole species on Mont Do to be found both as an emergent in maquis (shrubland) and as a common canopy species in adjacent rainforest patches.
		Although the current landscape pattern is a complex mosaic of maquis and forest patches, palynological evidence suggests that prior to human colonisation of New Caledonia it was probably forest-dominated.
		Model results suggest that the landscape may be at a point from which it could move to either a maquis-dominated condition (especially if a series of fire events occur in the next 100-200 years), or, in the absence of disturbance, could move towards a forest-dominated condition.
	www.iale.ntu.edu.au /iale_oz/newsletters/news21.html (2155 words)

	Mattoral
		The Mattoral is a plant community or ecosystem characteristic of the regions with Mediterranean type climates.
		It is a community of drought tolerant plants (xerophytes) dominated by shrubs that grow in arid or pre-desertic regions that are hot and dry in summer (often receiving almost no precipitation for half the year) and cool and moist in winter.
		Mattoral Shrubland show similar kinds of life forms in the five earth region dominated by the mattoral type ecosystems (but different genera and/or families!)
	www.cactus-art.biz /note-book/Dictionary/Dictionary_M/dictionary_mattoral_matorral.htm (281 words)

	Maquis shrubland (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is a summary of an article on Maquis shrubland.
		It tends to grow in arid, rocky areas where only drought-resistant plants are likely to prosper.
		The extremely dense nature of maquis made it ideal cover for bandits and guerrillas, who would use it to shelter from the authorities.
	wiki-shorts.freestat.pl /19-1803-Maquis_shrubland.html (225 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Maquis (World War II), predominantly rural guerrilla bands of French Resistance
		Maquis (Cameroon), guerrillas from the outlawed Union des Populations du Cameroun political party;
		Spanish maquis, guerillas who resisted the Francisco Franco regime after the Spanish Civil War
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=maquis (89 words)

	Herpetology - New Caledonian Leopard Skink
		Most records have been from low maquis shrubland midway up the peak, although one individial was observed where the track passed through the closed forest just below the summit.
		Individuals are generally observed at the entrance to natural cracks in the soil matrix which follow the contours of the rock and retreat into these at the slightest disturbance.
		Infestations of Crazy Ants in maquis shrubland in Province Sud have recently been identified as a potential threat to lizard diversity and abundance.
	www.austmus.gov.au /herpetology/research/species_accounts/l_pardalis.htm (604 words)

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