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Topic: Maraging steel

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	Maraging steel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maraging steel is essentially free of carbon, which distinguishes it from most other types of steel.
		Maraging blades are required in foil and epee (there is no such requirement for sabre blades) because the crack propagation in maraging steel is 10 times slower than in carbon steel.
		Maraging steel is used in creating centrifuges for uranium processing due to its extremely high strength and balance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maraging_steel (673 words)

	Properties of Maraging Steels
		It is assumed that the precipitation of intermediate phases on tempering of maraging steels is preceded with segregation of atoms of alloying elements at dislocations.
		In maraging steels the dislocation structure that forms in the course of martensitic transformation, is very stable during the subsequent heating and practically remains unchanged at the optimum temperatures of tempering (480-500C).
		The dependence of mechanical properties of maraging steels on the temperature of tempering is of the same pattern as that for all precipitation-hardenable alloys, i.e.
	www.key-to-steel.com /Articles/Art103.htm (1465 words)

	Expert in: Metallurgical Engineering
		He notes that alloy steels are only an extension of carbon steels and that the first group of alloy steels in which he has expertise constitutes those containing carbon as a principal element.
		Expert notes that this is a group of steels whose high strength and toughness are obtained by age hardening a carbon-free iron nickel martensite.
		He developed the processing parameters and mechanical properties of the maraging steels which are being marketed by his previous employer.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=604165&perID=718250 (828 words)

	18% Ni-Mo-Co maraging steel having improved toughness and its method of manufacture - Patent 4098607
		A process according to claim 4 wherein said steel alloy particles are formed by atomization of said steel alloy in liquid form and subsequent quenching in a cooling environment.
		The primary precipitate responsible for the strengthening of the steel is Ni.sub.3 Mo. Cobalt enhances the effect of Ni.sub.3 Mo by decreasing the solubility of molybdenum in the matrix.
		The maraging steel which is utilized in the present invention is a standard commercial alloy with established composition ranges or maxima as shown in Table I. The following examples are given merely as illustrative of the present invention and are not to be considered as limitative.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4098607.html (2369 words)

	Process for the formation of an anticorrosive, oxide layer on maraging steels - Patent 4141759
		The steel surface is subjected to superheated steam for a period of one to several hours.
		In a process for forming an anti-corrosive oxide layer on maraging steel, in which the steel surface is subjected to superheated steam for a period of at least one hour, the improvement comprising heating a clean maraging steel surface to a temperature between 200.degree.
		Generally, the steel is subjected to the nitrogen, air or oxygen treatment for a period of time from 20 min to 60 min.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4141759.html (1823 words)

	American Metal Market: NASA considers maraging steel for space shuttle - U.S. National Aeronautics and Space ...
		Maraging steels are used for a wide variety of military applications, from motor casings for Stinger anti-aircraft missiles and tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided (TOW) missiles to shafts for jet engines and to mobile bridges to move tank divisions across rivers and streams.
		He said because of maraging steel's lighter weight, the Army has been able to add an additional 25 feet of bridge carried by each vehicle than could be done with the 4340 alloyed steel.
		In anticipation of a larger maraging steel market and a growth in all markets in which Vasco participates, the mill for the past three years has spent more than $4.5 million to increase capacity at its melt shop on both its 19-ton electric furnace and its 25-ton argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) vessel.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3MKT/is_n8_v97/ai_6965800 (826 words)

	416. : Sintering of freeformed maraging steel with boron additions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sintering of freeformed maraging steel with boron additions
		Abstract This paper describes the sintering of an 18Ni(350) maraging steel with additions of boron, with the aim of producing high hardness rapid tooling.
		Reaction of the boron with the alloying elements in the maraging steel resulted in the formation of a Mo- and Ti-rich borides.
	home.att.net /~rpml/p04a/p04a_416.htm (227 words)

	Perry Lane Golf--PLG-904 Woods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Maraging steel, which is three times harder then titanium, allows the club head designer to construct a thinner face thereby decreasing the potential for lost energy at impact and moves the COG farther back in the head due to this lighter face.
		Maraging steel is made from steel with a nickel content of 15-18% along with other materials such as cobal, molybdenum, aluminium and titanium.
		Maraging steel has long been used in the aircraft and aerospace industries.
	www.perrylanegolf.com /plg-904.html (350 words)

	[No title]
		Fracture toughness is a critical property of mold steel that indicates the basic resistance of a steel (or other alloy) to the start and further growth of cracks.
		But in an injection press, mold steel is exposed to gradual and sustained loading, and therefore resistance to impact is not the best measure of mold steel performance - not nearly as reliable as fracture toughness, which depends on the composition, shape, and heat history of a given alloy.
		When considering mold steel properties, such as fracture toughness or fatigue strength, it helps to remember that values given in reference books or supplier literature represent averages obtained during carefully controlled test runs in which both higher and lower values were recorded.
	www.immnet.com /article_printable.html?article=273 (723 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Maraging steel and carbon fibers are also employed for this purpose.
		This steel is produced by companies in France, Japan, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States, and it meets all the criteria for "mass market status." Several steel companies list maraging steel on the Internet and can produce it in multi-ton quantities.
		In addition to maraging steel and high-strength aluminum, composites reinforced by carbon or glass fibers can be used to form the rotors of gas centrifuges.
	www.house.gov /hasc/openingstatementsandpressreleases/107thcongress/02-09-19milhollin.html (2533 words)

	The Export of Dual-Use Technology
		Maraging steel is a high-strength steel used to make solid rocket motor cases, propellant tanks, and interstages for missiles.
		This steel is produced by companies in France, Japan, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States and it meets all the criteria for "mass market status." Several steel companies list maraging steel on the Internet and can produce maraging steel in multi-ton quantities.
		Maraging steel is bundled and shipped much like stainless steel, which it closely resembles.
	www.wisconsinproject.org /pubs/testimonies/2000/5-26-00.htm (3888 words)

	Report on the 9th IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under UNSCR 687
		The 100 tonnes of 350-grade maraging steel rods and tubes were taken (except for the 3.25 tonnes previously declared to the inspection teams) to the State Establishment for Mechanical Works (a foundry near Iskandariya), melted and poured into "ingots".
		Their position was that technically they no longer had maraging steel, special aluminium alloys etc. and, under their interpretation of resolution 687 and later Security Council resolutions, they were not obliged to declare them.
		Samples were taken for the purpose of confirming that the chemical composition is that of maraging steel and that the melting has indeed rendered the material useless for centrifuges.
	www.iraqwatch.org /un/IAEA/s-23505.htm (4093 words)

	Strengthening mechanisms in alloy steel
		Steels must possess a TTT-curve with a large bay of stable austenite, e.g.
		The fully austenitic steel is severely warm-worked above the lowest temperature at which martensite is produced during the straining.
		The amount of martensite is influenced by alloy composition and increased with deformation and lowering of the temperature.
	www.key-to-steel.com /Articles/Art11.htm (843 words)

	Recruitment of Key Foreign Players
		Maraging steel is a high-strength steel that has a wide range of civilian and military uses, including gas centrifuge rotors and end caps, missile casings, aircraft forgings, cannon, and transmission shafts.
		Maraging steel of this grade is controlled, although loopholes in the controls on maraging steel existed in Europe in the late 1980s.
		The maraging steel did not require an export license because of loopholes in the Austrian export control laws.
	www.exportcontrols.org /recruitment.html (4755 words)

	Linear Cellular Alloys from Non-metallic Powders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is possible because of a combination of honeycomb geometry, a high strength alloy (maraging steel) composition and powder paste extrusion.
		Demonstrated strength and specific energy absorption of a maraging honeycomb at 1.5 gm/cc are approximately 400 MPa and 100 Joules/gm respectively.
		A compressive strength of 660 MPa for a maraging steel honeycomb (Maraging 350) at a density of 1.5 gm/cc is projected upon further process improvement.
	www.darpa.mil /DSO/thrust/matdev/smfm/georgia.html (368 words)

	Perry Lane Golf--BLAST Tri-Concept--Orlimar Tri-Metal look-a-like (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Constructed of 17-4 stainless steel, the TriConcept uses an alpha maraging steel face and copper inserts in the sole.
		Maraging steel is made by increasing the nickel content to around 15%.
		This increase in nickel allows the steel to be subjected to a greater heat treating process.
	www.perrylanegolf.com /blast_tri.html (253 words)

	Iran Focus-Iran secretly acquiring super-strong steel for nuclear bomb - exile - Nuclear - News
		Mohaddessin said that maraging steel, which has twice the strength of stainless steel and is 85 percent harder than pure titanium, was needed to be used as very strong casing to allow an initial explosion inside the bomb to take place in a closed area for maximum power.
		Tehran was also using maraging steel to build casing and containers for missiles as well as external rotors of missile engines.
		Mohaddessin said that Iran was obtaining maraging steel in part from Malaysia, adding that the shipments were first taken to the United Arab Emirates and then rerouted to Iran.
	www.iranfocus.com /modules/news/article.php?storyid=3008 (674 words)

	Maraging Steel
		The increased strength of the Maraging Steel Face Inserts allows clubheads to be designed with thinner walls in wood heads and the ultimate in perimeter weighting.
		Maraging Steel can be specially heat treated to extremely high levels of strength and hardness because of the high nickel content of the alloy.
		Maraging steel alloys are twice as hard as stainless steel and 35% stronger than the hardest titanium alloy.
	www.clubmaker-online.com /mw.html (374 words)

	Sword Forum International - What makes a steel flex, v. snap?
		Maraging steel is low in carbon content; different nickel content will make large changes in those properties.
		Would say as a general rule that the maraging blades break with a flatter fracture surface - not one always completely free of any sharp edge - but if there is a sharp corner.
		The original nickel maraging steel came in three grades, the lower strength one had hardness of 44-48 Rc which would be fine.
	forums.swordforum.com /showthread.php?s=1aa42285137a55fe07e5429e770bca2e&postid=369456 (3183 words)

	Sword Forum International - Maraging steels, good for swords?
		Maraging alloys are not technically steels since they don't have carbon.
		When the steel as a whole is put under stress all the soft bits can work together around the hard bit and the material can be more easily deformed than the hardness reading may lead one to believe.
		I am not limiting my observation to steels here, but my point is that it is not the steels that are strange, but what we are inclined to think Rc hardness readings indicate.
	forums.swordforum.com /showthread.php?s=bb1a98113cebd46aebd102f4eac7a967&threadid=45211 (1439 words)

	Report on the 13th IAEA Inspection in Iraq under UNSCR 687
		The Iraqi authorities have indicated that the only foundry in Iraq with the capability to meet the requirement of remelting the large maraging steel pieces and diluting them with equal amounts of high carbon steel in a reasonable period of time is located near Basra.
		The maraging steel pieces (93 in total) were individually numbered with paint and photographed by the thirteenth inspection team.
		The further action, recommended by experts, was to remelt the maraging steel chunks and dilute it with equal amounts of high carbon steel.
	www.iraqwatch.org /un/iaea/iaea-13.htm (3294 words)

	Customs foil Iran bomb
		The consignment of "maraging steel", which is used primarily for military purposes, was seized at a container depot at the London port of Barking.
		The export of maraging steel to Iran is banned by sanctions applied because of Teheran's support for international terrorism.
		The exceptionally strong steel is used to make conventional weapons, and to build centrifuges which are used to enrich uranium as fuel for nuclear bombs.
	www.portal.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1996/08/12/wiran11.html (291 words)

	Expert in: Die Casting
		He is currently working on programs to improve die steels and optimize heat treating to extend die life.
		Expert has helped develop heat treatments for die steels and has specified heat treatments for hundreds of dies including hardening, drawing down, and post heat treatments.
		He is very well versed on the advantages and concerns of maraging steel in design, machining, construction, heat treatment, and application in the die casting industry.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=605088&perID=108036 (640 words)

	Custom Golf Clubs & Pro Shop - D'lance Golf
		Description: These metallic gray,17/4 stainless steel, deep face maraging woods are made with copper tungsten weights for performance and playability on the tee box or fairway.
		Maraging steel is for increased strength and hardness.
		Maraging steel is twice as hard as stainless steel and 85% harder than pure titanium.
	www.dlancegolf.com /womensstep3.htm (383 words)

	[No title]
		In har dened condition the steel is plastic and can be easily deformed, both in cold and hot conditions.
		\par The steel is recommended for producing microsurgery instruments: microneedles for ophthalmology, needles for rephlexotherapy and stomatology.
		Possibility of Implementation \par }{\cf1\cgrid0 The experimental results indicate that the new steel, in its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, completely satisfies the requirements of medical instruments and can be recommended for the fabrication of surgical instruments}{.}{ \f1\cf1\cgrid0 \par }\pard \qj\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright { \par }\pard \qj\sb120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\i 2.
	www.industrie.gouv.fr /agora/manif/abstracts/ta0213.doc (403 words)

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