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Topic: Maratha Empire

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	Maratha Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maratha affairs of the late 18th and early 19th centuries were dominated internal rivalry between the Sindhia and Holkar, and by the three Anglo-Maratha wars with the British East India Company.
		The Peshwa sent an army to challenge the Afghans, and the Maratha army was decisively defeated on January 13, 1761 at the Third Battle of Panipat.
		Thus, the autonomous Maratha states of the Gaekwads of Baroda, the Holkars of Indore and Malwa, the Scindias (or Shinde's) of Gwalior (and Ujjain), Pawars of Udgir and Bhosles of Nagpur (no blood relation with Shivaji's or Tarabai's family) came into being in far flung regions of the empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maratha_Empire (1854 words)

	Maratha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "Marathas" were known by that name since their native tongue was almost invariably Marathi; however, not all those whose native tongue is Marathi are Marathas.
		The history of the states and dynasties comprising the Maratha Empire constitutes a major portion of the history of late medieval India.
		Since the marathas ruled much of India in the period immediately preceding the consolidation of British rule in India, the maratha states came to form the largest bloc of princely states in the British Raj, if size be reckoned by territory and population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marathas (1417 words)

	WHKMLA : Narrative : History of the Maratha Empire / Federation
		The Mughal Empire claimed to rule the territory of the former Sultanate of Ahmednagar from 1638 to 1707, but at no time was in full control of it.
		The Mughal Empire, meanwhile, had undergone a drastic decline and in 1752 became a protectorate of the Maratha Federation.
		Interestingly, the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Empire have a number of characteristics in common - the very same feudal structure, the fact that, once the chain of strong leaders had ended, they disintegrated as strongmen in effect partitioned the respective Empire.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/india/narrmarathas.html (860 words)

	HOME
		Marathas are a blend of the Warrior and Agrarian classes, speaking Marathi and generally having their roots in Maharashtra.
		Marathas consider themselves to be the saviours of Hinduism who fought the onslaught of fanatic Mughal Emperor Aurangjeb.
		Marathas formed alliance with the Jat King Suraj Mal of Bharatpur This alliance led by Shrimant Sadshiv Rao Bhau and Shrimant Vishwas Rao (the Peshwa Shrimant Balaji Baji Rao's son) won spectacular victories and captured Delhi and Kunjapura.
	www.maratha.net (1071 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the collapse of the Gupta empire in the 6th century, India was ruled by numerous regional kingdoms.
		The Mughal Empire ruled most of the northern Indian subcontinent from 1526; it went into a slow decline after 1707 and was finally defeated during the War of Independence of 1857.
		This expansion was brought to an end by the Maratha's defeat by an Afghan army at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
	www.deucaliontechnologies.com /projects/wikipedia/index.php/History_of_India (4013 words)

	History of Maharashtra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shivaji Bhosle, founder of the Maratha empire, was born in 1627, in the fort of Shivneri, 40 miles north of Pune.
		The death of Rajaram in 1700 seemed to end the power of the Marathas, but Tarabai, the elder widow of Rajaram, put her young son Shahu on the throne, at the tender age of ten, and continued the struggle against Aurangzeb who had come to south with the sole purpose of destroying Maratha kingdom.
		Sawai Madhaorao's death was the last blow to the Maratha empire and all the unity among its leaders vanished after his death causing a downfall of Peshwai in a short time.
	www.mumbainet.com /cityinfo/histmaha.htm (2898 words)

	Indian History - Rise of Marathas and Sikh Kingdoms in India
		Maratha chieftains were originally in the service of Bijapur sultans in the western Deccan, which was under siege by the Mughals.
		Shivaji Bhonsle (1627-80 A.D) is recognized as the "father of the Maratha nation." Shivaji Bhosle, founder of the Maratha Empire, was born in 1627 AD, in the fort of Shivneri, 40 miles north of Pune.
		Nana Phadanis looked after the Maratha kingdom well until his death in 1800 A.D. After that Baji Rao II signed a treaty with the British in 1802, which weakened the Peshwa power.
	www.gatewayforindia.com /history/maratha.htm (976 words)

	Maratha empire: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Peshwas were the effective rulers of the Maratha state and oversaw the period of greatest Maratha expansion, brought to an end by the Maratha's defeat by an Afghan (Afghan: A native or inhabitant of Afghanistan) army at the Third Battle of Panipat (Third Battle of Panipat: more facts about this subject) in 1761.
		The Maratha controlled regions were divided amongst the Gaekwad (Gaekwad: the gaekwad (or gaekwar) were a maratha dynasty that ruled as maharajas of...
		The Maratha heartland of Desh, including Pune, came under direct British rule, with the exception of the states of Kolhapur (Kolhapur: kolhapur is a beautiful city, situated in the south west corner of maharashtra, india....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/maratha_empire (2400 words)

	Hindu History - National revival under the Marathas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Maratha dynasties of the ancient (pre-Muslim) period are the Chalukyas (500 C.E. to 750C.E.), the Rastrakutas (750 C.E. to 978 C.E. and the Yadavas or Jadhavs (1175 C.E. to 1318 C.E.).
		She was the nominal leader of the Marathas from 1700 to 1707, although the military activities were coordinated by the duo of Santaji and Dhanaji.
		Politically speaking too, the Maratha intermission from around 1720 to 1790 was too brief a period and though the writ of the Marathas ran in the whole of western India with parts of the north and south under their domination they could not bring the entire country uniformly under their rule.
	www.hindubooks.org /sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/landmaratha.html (6928 words)

	Marathas and the English Company 1707-1818 by Sanderson Beck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Marathas captured Hindaun and Sambhar, and in 1735 the Emperor recognized Baji Rao as the governor of Malwa.
		Sikhs allied with the Marathas and plundered Sirhind and Lahore.
		Zabita Khan was defeated by the Marathas as Mahadji Sindia and Visaji Krishna occupied Delhi.
	www.san.beck.org /2-10-Marathas1707-1818.html (23755 words)

	[No title]
		The Marathas were the single most formadible Hindu power who made a successful attempt for supremacy of whole of Indian subcontinent on decline of Mughals in seventeenth century.
		Shivaji the great brought the Maratha empire into existance which was taken to its zenith by Peshwa Baji Rao I and remained undisputed military power till begining of 19th century.
		Inability of all the Maratha chiefs to consolidate their military resources against British was the major cause of Maratha decline which in turn resulted into passing power to foreign nation.
	www.med.unc.edu /~nupam/maratha1.html (3962 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		The son of a Maratha chieftain, he was imbued from early childhood with hatred of the Mughal empire, which controlled most of India.
		After a daring escape he returned to W India and undertook a series of raids that were not countered by the Mughals.
		By 1674 he was secure enough to crown himself king of the Maratha empire, although fighting continued until his death.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:sivaji (190 words)

	The Marathas 1600—1818 - Cambridge University Press
		The empire was founded by Shivaji in the mid-seventeenth century, spread across most of India during the following century, and was conquered by the British in the nineteenth century.
		Using administrative documents of the Maratha polity, family papers, and Histories of the Empire, Stewart Gordon explores the origin of the Marathas, their emergence as elite families, patterns of loyalty, and strategies for maintaining legitimacy.
		Shivaji (1630 80) and the Maratha polity; 4.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521268834 (209 words)

	Vandemataram.com - Modern Bharat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was during this time, that Maratha empire probably crossed the boundaries of Delhi and their rule, even though for a while extended beyond country's limits.
		A very striking event, during the regime of Peshwa's was the third battle of Panipat, between Maratha's and the Afghans, on January 14, 1461.
		The period between 1772 and 1818, after Madhavrao, was critical for the Peshwa's and Maratha empire.
	www.vandemataram.com /html/3modbht/peshwa (519 words)

	Peshwa - TheBestLinks.com - Afghanistan, India, Maharashtra, Prime Minister, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Peshwa were the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1713 to 1818.
		By Shahu's death in 1749, the Peshwas were the effective rulers of the Maratha state, and they moved their capital from Satara to Pune.
		Baji Rao and his son, Balaji Baji Rao, oversaw the period of greatest Maratha expansion, brought to an end by the Maratha's defeat by an Afghan army at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Peshwa.html (276 words)

	History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		The Maratha Empire (also spelled Mahratta and also called the Maratha Confederacy), of India, was founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji in 1674 when he carved out an independent Maratha zone around Pune from the Bijapur Sultanate.
		The battle of Panipat in 1761 crippled the Maratha empire and corroded the power of Peshwa forever.
		The Maratha heartland of Desh, including Pune, came under direct British rule, with the exception of the states of Kolhapur and Satara, which retained local Maratha rulers.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/maratha_empire.php (1366 words)

	Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The tragic disaster of the Marathas at Panipat (1761) at the hands of the Afghan ruler, Abdali, temporarily weakened their power but did not destroy it.
		The domestic feuds that ensued led to the murder of the next Peshwa leader, Narayanrao (1773), whose posthumous child, Madhavrao II (1773-1795), managed the affairs of state with the help of the Barbhai council, of which Nana Phadnis and Mahadji Shinde were prominent members.
		Mountstuart Elphinstone, the liquidator of Maratha power, then created a Maratha state at Satara by installing Pratap Singh (1793-1847), a descendant of Shahu, on the throne as Raja to win the sympathies of the Marathas.
	www.maharashtra.gov.in /english/community/community_peshwaShow.php (523 words)

	Historical Information of Maharashtra,History of Marathas,History Information on Maharashtra in India
		As the Mauryan Empire degraded, Maharashtra was overpowered by the Satavahanas between 230 BC and 225 AD.
		Shivaji Bhonsle led the Marathas, native to western Maharashtra, he was crowned king in 1674, after a long fought battle with Muslim emperors.
		During his reign Maratha Empire suffered a heavy defeat to the Afghan chieftain Ahmad Shah Abdali, in the third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
	www.indiasite.com /maharashtra/history.html (750 words)

	India in the past
		Two famous empires from Bihar in north-east India were Gupta and Maurya Empires, which ruled most of north India and large parts of south India.
		In their empire they had many kings and rulers who were subjected to them.
		The Sikhs in north India, Marathas rulers in west India and kingdom of Mysore in south India were among those who opposed the British rule.
	adaniel.tripod.com /india-past.htm (1580 words)

	HINDU HISTORY
		At the cave temple of Raireshwar in the Sayhadris Shivaji and his select band of teenaged Maratha friends slit their thumbs and poured the blood oozing from it on the Shiva-linga (Phallus representing the Lord Shiva).
		Maratha Rule gave Indians a sense of self-confidence in themselves apart from the relief from brutal Muslim Tyranny.
		Meanwhile in India proper, in the period between 1761 and 1790, the Maratha power was consolidated by Mahadji Shinde, Nana Phadnavis and Shrimant Madhav Rao Peshwa.
	www.geocities.com /lavlesh/landmaratha.html (7096 words)

	History Of Pune
		With the emergence of Chhatrapati Shivaji, who founded the Maratha empire, Pune became known to the Delhi Sultanate.
		It was Thorala Bajirao who expanded the Maratha empire into north and central provinces.
		Nanasaheb Peshwa succeeded Thorala Bajirao Peshwa and ruled the Maratha kingdom from 1740 to 1761.
	www.maharashtraweb.com /Cities/Pune/historyofpune.asp (810 words)

	Hindu History - British Rule and Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Though the Mughal empire did survive till 1857, its heyday can be considered to have come to an end in 1707, with the death of Aurangzeb.
		The Marathas could not rise to the status of being the central authority for the entire country though at one time their armies had marched upto Attock beyond Peshawar near today's Afghanistan-Pakistan border.
		For a brief period of 3 years from 1756 to 1759, the Marathas ruled Punjab and the Mughal emperor was a pensioner of the Marathas recelving an annual pension of as.
	www.hindubooks.org /sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/landbritish.html (2932 words)

	[No title]
		Marathas which was built on the ruins of Mughal empire, came to an end.
		Marathas remained undisputed military power till begining of 19th century and covered practically all of central and Northern India.
		Maratha empire, British took possesion of whole subcontinent in less than a quarter century as no formadible power left in India to challenge them.
	www.med.unc.edu /~nupam/prince1.html (1314 words)

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