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Topic: Marburg haemorrhagic fever

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	INFECTIOUS DISEASES - Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever
		Marburg haemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of haemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and non-human primates.
		Marburg virus was first recognised in 1967, when outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia).
		Because many of the signs and symptoms of Marburg haemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other infectious diseases, such as malaria or typhoid fever, diagnosis of the disease can be difficult, especially if only a single case is involved.
	www.medic8.com /infectious-diseases/marburg.htm (1120 words)

	Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever
		The original Bolivian haemorrhagic fever outbreak was brought to notice (and to investigation by the Middle America Research Unit) because of its severity.
		Marburg fever received the fullest investigation from the start because it first occurred in highly developed countries, and affected laboratory workers.
		Clearly the first priority for early recognition of potentially dangerous outbreaks must be to educate the health and administrative authorities, particularly in the tropics, of the need for some form of surveillance and reporting of outbreaks of acute febrile disease (particularly in hospital personnel) in all new agricultural ventures involving intrusion into underdeveloped territory.
	www.itg.be /ebola/ebola-08.htm (951 words)

	Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) is a severe illness caused by Marburg virus, a member of the Filoviridae family.
		MHF was first described in 1967 during outbreaks in Germany and the former Yugoslavia that were linked to monkeys imported from Uganda.
		Serosurveys for Marburg antibodies in the general population generally have shown prevalences of <2%, indicating it to be a rare and highly lethal disease.
	www.health.am /fever/more/marburg_hemorrhagic_fever (337 words)

	Attempts to contain Marburg disease epidemic have limited effect -- Odigwe 330 (7496): 864 -- BMJ
		An outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Angola that has so far affected 205 people, killing 180 of them, does not yet seem to be under control despite high level international efforts.
		A WHO spokesperson said: "The dramatic symptoms of Marburg haemorrhagic fever and its frequent fatality are resulting in a high level of fear, which is further aggravated by a lack of public understanding of the disease.
		Marburg haemorrhagic fever is caused by Marburg virus, an RNA virus of the Filovirus genus, another member of which is Ebola virus.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/330/7496/864-a (629 words)

	Marburg virus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Marburg virus is the causative agent of Marburg hemorrhagic fever.
		The disease is characterised by the sudden onset of fever, headache, and muscle pain after an incubation period of 3-9 days.
		On March 22, 2005, as the death toll neared 100, the cause of the illness was identified as the Marburg virus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marburg_virus (2043 words)

	Marburg virus outbreak in Africa
		Marburg is a rare and deadly virus, of the same family as Ebola, that triggers haemorrhagic fever.
		Marburg is dangerous because it has a high mortality rate, is very contagious and has no effective treatment.
		Marburg is a dangerous virus, and an outbreak is clearly devastating for the affected communities.
	www.vetscite.org /publish/items/002172/index.html (654 words)

	Marburg Update - 90% Death Rate: 244 Of 266 Cases
		The features of Marburg haemorrhagic fever, and the conditions in Angola, have been an extreme test of international capacity to hold emerging diseases at bay.
		For comparison, outbreaks of the closely related Ebola haemorrhagic fever have shown mortality rates ranging, according to the virus strain involved, from 53 to 88 per cent.
		On 21 Mar 2005, Marburg virus was detected in patient samples sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta (USA), and WHO assistance was requested by the Ministry of Health in Angola.
	www.rense.com /general64/244.htm (878 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency
		The measures adopted include the active epidemiological monitoring of all people who have been in contact with Marburg fever patients, the training of medical and laboratory staff, and the coordination of social mobilisation activities, aimed at raising awareness on the disease in the community.
		Marburg fever is a rare, severe hemorrhagic fever caused by a member of the filovirus family, which also includes the four known species of the Ebola virus.
		Haemorrhaging begins between five and seven days after the onset of symptoms, and primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract and lungs.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/print.asp?idnews=28088 (734 words)

	LifeLink - Ask Dr. Zarkov
		The Marburg virus is a close relative of the Ebola virus.
		The symptomless incubation time for Marburg ranges from 5 to 10 days; there is then a sudden onset of a flu-like illness with severe headache, fever, and chills, progressing to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
		Marburg virus particles gain a foothold in the body by attacking and manipulating the immune cells that would ordinarily initiate an antiviral response.
	www.lifelinknet.com /siteResources/AskDrZarkov/2005/04/Marburg.asp (2101 words)

	Radio Netherlands Worldwide - Independent thinking, independent voice - English - The elusive Marburg virus
		Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever was officially confirmed only towards the end of March.
		Little is known about the Marburg virus aside from the fact that it is related to the virus that causes another form of haemorrhagic fever, Ebola.
		But Marco Visser adds that the learning process in such situations is not just one-directional; experience of earlier haemorrhagic fever outbreaks, such as that in Brazzaville in the Congo a few years ago, also gives the international aid workers a perspective on local culture that can prove useful in countering suspicion too.
	www.radionetherlands.nl /features/science/050419rf (1085 words)

	NaTHNaC \| Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Angola, 7 Apr 05, Health Professionals
		Marburg virus disease is an acute febrile illness accompanied by severe haemorrhagic manifestations.
		Marburg virus was first discovered in 1967 after simultaneous laboratory outbreaks occurred in Germany and Yugoslavia involving monkeys imported from Uganda (5).
		Previous to this current outbreak, the largest documented outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7) from 1998 to 2000 and involved 149 cases and 123 deaths (CFR 82%) (8).
	www.nathnac.org /pro/clinical_updates/marburg_angola.htm (829 words)

	Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Angola, 266 cases, 244 deaths
		For comparison, outbreaks of the closely related Ebola haemorrhagic fever have shown mortality rates ranging, according to the virus strain involved, from 53% to 88%.
		Two factors make the rapid detection of outbreaks of Marburg haemorrhagic fever difficult: the extreme rarity of this disease and its similarity to other diseases seen in countries where deaths from infectious diseases are common.
		On 21 March, Marburg virus was detected in patient samples sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta (USA), and WHO assistance was requested by the Ministry of Health in Angola.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=23338&nfid=rssfeeds (602 words)

	Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers \| CDC Special Pathogens Branch
		Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct families of viruses.
		Ebola, Marburg, Lassa and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses are examples.
		For those hemorrhagic fever viruses that can be transmitted from one person to another, avoiding close physical contact with infected people and their body fluids is the most important way of controlling the spread of disease.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/vhf.htm (1475 words)

	Marburg in Angola 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Marburg is a cousin of the Ebola virus.
		Angry residents attacked WHO workers earlier in the outbreak of the viral haemorrhagic fever, accusing them of spreading the disease in a country whose infrastructure is still struggling to recover from one of Africa's longest running civil wars.
		Marburg virus disease occurs very rarely and appears to be geographically confined to a small number of countries in the southern part of the African continent.
	www.bergen.org /ACADEMY/Bio/cellbio/cellbio2Marburg2005.html (6490 words)

	sBMJ \| Outbreak in Angola
		MHF typically begins with fever, headache, sore throat, and muscle pain, followed by abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
		Marburg virus, first recognised in Marburg, Germany, in 1967, was traced back to the importation of African green monkeys, Cercopithecus aethiops, from Uganda.
		Marburg virus is a single stranded RNA virus with virions that typically form thread-like filaments, often in the shape of a U, a circle, or like the number 6.
	www.studentbmj.com /issues/05/07/editorials/268.php (914 words)

	Marburg outbreak now devastating all age groups - health - 10 May 2005 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The outbreak of the deadly Marburg haemorrhagic fever sweeping across northern Angola is now devastating all age groups - and no longer predominantly young children - say epidemiologists on the ground.
		In Uige, the MSF team has been working with the authorities to provide a Marburg treatment ward at the region’s main hospital, where probable and confirmed patients can be treated in isolation.
		This outbreak of Marburg - which is related to the Ebola virus - is the worst ever seen, though only a handful of outbreaks have been documented since the virus’s discovery in 1967.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7363 (653 words)

	Assessment of the Marburg haemorrhagic fever Outbreak
		For comparison, outbreaks of the closely related Ebola haemorrhagic fever have shown mortality rates ranging, according to the virus strain involved, from 53% to 88%.
		Two factors make the rapid detection of outbreaks of Marburg haemorrhagic fever difficult: the extreme rarity of this disease and its similarity to other diseases seen in countries where deaths from infectious diseases are common.
		On 21 March, Marburg virus was detected in patient samples sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta (USA), and WHO assistance was requested by the Ministry of Health in Angola.
	www.rxpgnews.com /world/epidemics/hemorrhagicfevers/marburg/article_1227.shtml (955 words)

	Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Angola - update 11 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The present outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever is unprecedented in its size and urban nature, and its dimensions are still unfolding.
		Those travelling to Angola for the purpose of working in health care settings should be fully informed regarding the outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever, equipped with effective personal protective equipment, and trained in the procedures to prevent transmission in such settings.
		Health care workers and health authorities in countries neighbouring Angola should be aware of the symptoms of Marburg haemorrhagic fever and maintain vigilance for cases.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1383359/posts (2207 words)

	Alarm in Luanda over Marburg outbreak eases (Site not responding. Last check: )
		LUANDA, 29 Mar 2005 (IRIN) - Angola's vice minister for health, Jose Van Dunem, warned on Tuesday that it was premature to claim the outbreak of the deadly Marburg virus in the northern province of Uige was under control, as the latest death toll from the haemorrhagic fever rose to 117 out of 124 cases.
		The Marburg mortality rate in more developed countries is around 30 percent, but with much of Angola's health system left in tatters after 27 years of civil war that ended in April 2002, the country was struggling to cope.
		Marburg haemorrhagic fever, a member of the extremely virulent Ebola virus family, is transmitted through bodily fluids, including perspiration.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=46362 (948 words)

	National Institute for Communicable Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1981, the first case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was recognized in South Africa, and for the next decade work on this disease dominated the research programme of the SPU.
		However, the majority of the suspected cases of haemorrhagic fever proved to be more common vaccine-preventable or treatable diseases, and the number of patients investigated does not reflect the actual extent of the epidemics involved.
		Meantime, Ebola haemorrhagic fever was diagnosed in a nurse inJohannesburg, and a frantic search ensued to locate the source patient who proved to be adoctor from Gabon who had sought treatment for his illness in South Africa.
	www.nicd.ac.za /units/special_pathogens/spu.htm (1039 words)

	24DrTravel.com Reference Library - Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever
		Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever is one of the most virulent viral disease known to humankind, causing death in 50-90% of all clinically-ill cases.
		One human case of Ebola haemorrhagic fever and several cases in chimpanzees were confirmed in Côte d'Ivoire in 1994-95.
		In Gabon, Ebola haemorrhagic fever was first documented in 1994 and recent outbreaks occurred in February 1996 and July 1996.
	www.24drtravel.com /reference/library/travel/ebola.asp (879 words)

	MDTravel Health
		Marburg virus infections, which are closely related to Ebola virus infections, may be highly infectious and rapidly fatal.
		The disease was first identified in 1967 after laboratory workers in Marburg, Germany became ill after handling infected monkeys imported from Uganda.
		There is no treatment for Marburg fever except aggressive supportive measures, including intravenous fluids, transfusions as needed, etc. Suspected cases must be strictly isolated, including both respiratory and body fluid precautions.
	www.mdtravelhealth.com /infectious/marburg_fever.html (161 words)

	WHO \| Marburg haemorrhagic fever
		Marburg haemorrhagic fever is a severe and highly fatal disease caused by a virus from the same family as the one that causes Ebola haemorrhagic fever.
		Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected following simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and Belgrade, former Yugoslavia.
		The primary infections were in laboratory staff exposed to Marburg virus while working with monkeys or their tissues.
	www.who.int /mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/index.html (1205 words)

	Outbreak of Viral Haemorrhagic Fever: Marburg Virus: TRAVEL HEALTH ADVISORY, Travel Medicine Program, Public Health ...
		Marburg virus is acquired by direct contact with blood, body fluids, respiratory secretions and organs of infected human and non-human primates.
		Marburg virus was first identified in 1967, in laboratory workers in Germany and in Yugoslavia when they developed an acute viral haemorrhagic fever following contact with infected African green monkeys imported from Uganda.
		Between 1998 and late 2000, the Democratic Republic of Congo recorded the largest outbreak of Marburg virus on record, when 149 cases were reported with 123 deaths.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /tmp-pmv/2005/marburg050729_e.html (703 words)

	Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever - Better Health Channel.
		Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an infectious and potentially lethal disease caused by a nairovirus from the Bunyavirus family.
		In severe cases, haemorrhage (bleeding) from small blood vessels leads to a red rash forming on the membranes of the eyes, inside of the eyelids, mouth, skin and the internal organs.
		Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially lethal disease caused by a nairovirus from the Bunyavirus family.
	www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au /bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Crimean-Congo_haemorrhagic_fever?OpenDocument (1150 words)

	NaTHNaC \| Marburg viral haemorrhagic fever in Angola - update, 6 Sep 05, Health Professionals
		As of 23 August 2005, 374 cases of Marburg viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) had been reported by the Ministry of Health of Angola, of which 329 have died (CFR 88%) [1].
		Marburg VHF is a severe and highly fatal disease caused by a virus from the Filoviridae family, which also includes Ebola virus.
		[2] The likelihood of contracting VHF, including Marburg, is considered low unless there has been travel to the affected area and direct contact with the blood or body fluids (e.g., saliva, urine) of symptomatic infected persons or animals, or objects that have been contaminated with body fluids.
	www.nathnac.org /pro/clinical_updates/marburg_angola_060905.htm (486 words)

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