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	Marcel Duchamp - MSN Encarta
		Born in Blainville, Duchamp enjoyed a comfortable childhood in a family unusually sympathetic to the arts: his grandfather was an engraver, and three of his five siblings (Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Villon, and Suzanne Valadon) became artists.
		Duchamp himself was painting in an impressionist style by the age of 15, adopting a more vibrantly colorful fauvist style by the age of 20.
		Duchamp was unfazed by the criticism, having already set himself in opposition to all art that he referred to as retinal because he felt it appealed to the eyes alone.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574291/Duchamp_Marcel.html (813 words)

	Marcel Duchamp
		In fact, Marcel Duchamp was at the center of all of the major artistic debates of his time, and although he came to be associated with a variety of avant-garde art forms, Marcel Duchamp, always retained an inimitable individuality.
		Marcel Duchamp (July 28, 1887 — October 2, 1968) was a French artist whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and his advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the Western art world.
		Marcel Duchamp assembled the first readymade, a bicycle wheel mounted on a stool entitled "Bicycle Wheel" in 1913, the same time as his painting "Nude Descending A Staircase" was attracting the attention of critics at a international exhibition of modern art.
	www.abfimagazine.com /arts/data/marcel-duchamp.htm (596 words)

	Marcel Duchamp
		Marcel Duchamp (pronounced [maÊsÉl dyÊÉ‘Ì]) (July 28, 1887 “ October 2, 1968) was a French artist (he became an American citizen in 1955)whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and whose advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the Western art world.
		Marcel Duchamp died on October 2, 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France and is buried in the Rouen Cemetery, in Rouen, Normandy, France.
		Duchamp assembled the first readymade, a bicycle wheel mounted on a stool titled Bicycle Wheel (1913), the same time as his Nude Descending A Staircase was attracting the attention of critics at the International Exhibition of Modern Art.
	www.languageisavirus.com /bios/Duchamp.htm (4037 words)

	Marcel Duchamp's Readymades: Walking on Infrathin Ice
		Duchamp described the atmosphere in New York at that time as bustling with activity, "but it was limited to a relatively small group and nothing was done very publicly."6 For him, the art of this time was "laboratory work."7 Duchamp was experimenting, moving away from painting and working on the readymades.
		For Duchamp, Dada was not only an extreme protest against the physical side of painting, but a metaphysical attitude.9 Duchamp referred to Dada as an invigorating "blank force," which offered artists a way to purge their minds of art historical cliches, a way to negate everything past, present, and future.
		Duchamp separated the notion of taste from the "aesthetic experience" because for him, the aesthetic experience was itself the art, a collaboration of sorts between the artist and viewer.
	www.csuchico.edu /art/contrapposto/Contrapposto97/Pages/Jay.html (1202 words)

	Marcel Duchamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marcel Duchamp (pronounced [maʀsɛl dyʃɑ̃]) (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French artist (he became an American citizen in 1955)whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and whose advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the Western art world.
		Marcel Duchamp died on October 2, 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France and is buried in the Rouen Cemetery, in Rouen, Normandy, France.
		Duchamp assembled the first readymade, a bicycle wheel mounted on a stool titled Bicycle Wheel (1913), the same time as his Nude Descending A Staircase was attracting the attention of critics at the International Exhibition of Modern Art.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marcel_Duchamp (4035 words)

	Marcel Duchamp - Olga's Gallery
		When Duchamp arrived in NY in 1915, he was pleasantly surprised to find that he was a famous man. On his arrival, he met Walter and Louise Arensberg, who became his main patrons and collectors.
		In the United States Marcel Duchamp and his friend Francis Picabia soon became the center of the circle of painters around the Stieglitz gallery.
		Marcel Duchamp: The Bachelor Stripped Bare: A Biography by Alice Goldfarb Marquis.
	www.abcgallery.com /D/duchamp/duchampbio.html (1088 words)

	Biography of Marcel Duchamp
		Duchamp's first painting with a chess theme was The Chess Game (1910), which featured his two brothers in the garden of his brother Jacques Villon (whose original name was Gaston Duchamp, but he changed it because of his enthusiasm for the French poet Francois Villon).
		Duchamp shocked the art world when he took the urinal, signed it and put it on display in 1917.
		Duchamp returned to France in the summer of 1919 and was one of Dada's leading artists.
	www.biogs.com /famous/duchamp.html (761 words)

	Marcel Duchamp
		However, Duchamp uses it as a non-referential surface upon which some of the isolated components, such as the chocolate grinder and the glider, are shown with painstakingly convincing perspective.
		Duchamp invents the working parts of these two sexual machines, which are as arbitrary and absurd as the machinery of Roussel which inspired them.
		Duchamp calls them "malic molds" ("malic" for "male"), assigns professions to them in then- "cemetery of uniforms and liveries" and says they are to be filled with illuminating gas.
	mama.indstate.edu /users/dada/duchamp.html (1471 words)

	Making Sense of Marcel Duchamp \| text
		Duchamp’s work is characterized by its humor, the variety and unconventionality of its media, and its incessant probing of the boundaries of art.
		Marcel Duchamp was born in 1887 in a town in northwestern France.
		Marcel Duchamp edited by Anne d’Harnoncourt and Kynaston McShine is a collection of essays — the ones by Hamilton and d’Harnoncourt are especially informative — along with a catalogue of major works (but not Etant Donnés, which was still undisclosed).
	www.understandingduchamp.com /text.html (6155 words)

	Marcel Duchamp Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Marcel Duchamp was born on July 28, 1887, the son of a notary of Rouen.
		Duchamp moved to Paris at the age of 17 and began to paint.
		Duchamp sought out methods of making art in which the artist's hand would not be stressed (using chance and mechanical methods of drawing and painting).
	www.bookrags.com /biography/marcel-duchamp (658 words)

	Marcel Duchamp
		Duchamp, being a member of the group entered a urinal mounted on its side, titling the piece, Fountain.
		Duchamp later stated in an interview that, "The only works of art America has given are her plumbing and her bridges." The original then disappeared as did almost all of the "original readymades" of Duchamp.
		Duchamp's original ideas which developed into "readymades", were his things, objects used for private distraction, not public display.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~aoki/Teaching/objet_a/urine/Duchamp/Duchamp.htm (392 words)

	Marcel Duchamp // Biography (1887-1976) / Gallery
		Duchamp’s radical and iconoclastic ideas predated the founding of the Dada movement in Zurich in 1916.
		Duchamp moved back to Paris in 1923 and seemed to have abandoned art for chess but in fact continued his artistic experiments.
		Duchamp settled permanently in New York in 1942 and became a United States citizen in 1955.
	www.leninimports.com /marcel_duchamp.html (424 words)

	Marcel Duchamp
		Although Marcel Duchamp is usually best known for his Surrealist paintings, his early career mainly consisted of post-impressionist paintings.
		Marcel Duchamp is one of the most interesting and innovative artists of the 20th century.
		It became Duchamp's goal to abandon "retinal" art -art that only please to the eye- and wanted to create a new kind of art, one which would engage the mind.
	www.artinthepicture.com /artists/Marcel_Duchamp (224 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Duchamp, Marcel
		Considered a genius by some, an irreverent prankster by others, Marcel Duchamp was one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century.
		Duchamp's artistic theories have been very influential on other artists and are sometimes seen as anticipating postmodernism.
		Marcel Duchamp (center) with Constantin Brancusi (left) and Mary Reynolds in 1929.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/duchamp_m.html (880 words)

	Marcel Duchamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Marcel Duchamp was born on the 28th of July 1887 in Blainville Crevon in the deepest province of France.
		Duchamp fled in 1915 to New York and was welcomed there as a well-known artist, who he had not been in Paris by any means.
		The coincidence/chance was staged in the years 1913/14 for the first time, arranged like an experiment in a laboratory: Duchamp let three cords, each in the length of 1m, fall the floor from a height of 1m and cut the obtained curves into wooden rulers.
	www.balloon-painting.de /educhamp.htm (630 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Marcel Duchamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Duchamp began his career as a Cubist but was uncomfortable with the genre.
		However, Duchamp was deeply suspicious of the movement: he considered it too fixated on dubious formalism, too precious and dear.
		Cubism was becoming a technique and a movement, and if one thing remained consistent throughout Duchamp’s career, it was his hatred of contrived consistency, of art movements turning inwards towards themselves and becoming complacent about their reason for being.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?id=106 (679 words)

	Marcel Duchamp - Olga's Gallery
		Marcel Duchamp was born on 28 July 1887, in Blainville, near Rouen, France, into the family of a well to-do-notary.
		Both parents respected and encouraged cultural activities; four of their children became artists - Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918), sculptor, Suzanne Duchamp, poetess and artist, better known under the name of Crotti, Marcel Duchamp himself, and the half brother of the three, Gaston, painter, who is known as Jacques Villon.
		In 1904, Marcel came to Paris to join his two elder brothers, who had given up law and medicine in favor of artistic careers.
	www.abcgallery.com /D/duchamp/duchamp.html (282 words)

	MoMA.org \| Exhibitions \| 1999 \| Museum as Muse \| Duchamp
		Duchamp's Boîte-en-valise, or box in a suitcase, is a portable miniature monograph including sixty-nine reproductions of the artist's own work.
		Duchamp included in each deluxe box one "original." In The Museum of Modern Art's Boîte-en-valise, this is a hand-colored print depicting the upper half of The Bride Stripped Bare of her Bachelors, Even, or Large Glass (1915-23).
		Duchamp's boxes, along with his altered Mona Lisa, address museums' ever-increasing traffic in reproductions and question the relative importance of the "original" work of art.
	www.moma.org /exhibitions/1999/muse/artist_pages/duchamp_boite.html (290 words)

	Marcel Duchamp - Richard Hamilton - Anthony Hill - Letter to Alison Knowles - Aimez-vous - Harriet Sidney Janis - ...
		Duchamp is one of those rare personalities whose influence directly altered the course of history, in this case art history, dividing it into a before and an after.
		By 1912, Duchamp already knew that painting interested him only as an intellectual tool, and his goal became to stretch the limits of painting, to transcend what he called "retinal" painting, namely a way of painting that dealt specifically with the representation and interpretation of sensorial data.
		Marcel Duchamp, under the guise of his alter ego Rrose Sélavy, produced 320 of these green boxes (of which 20 are deluxe editions) in 1934.
	www.marcelduchamp.net /who_is_md02.php (937 words)

	Fountain (Duchamp) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marcel Duchamp had arrived in the United States less than two years previously and was teaching French to earn a living.
		Duchamp was a board member of the Society of Independent Artists and submitted the piece to their "unjuried" 1917 exhibition, which, it had been proclaimed, would exhibit all work submitted.
		Duchamp's entry was immediately rejected as "not being art" (and he resigned from the board shortly afterwards).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp) (1003 words)

	UbuuWeb Sound : Marcel Duchamp
		Duchamp anticipated with his music something that then became apparent in the visual arts, especially in the Dada Movement: the arts are here for all to create, not just for skilled professionals.
		Duchamp wrote the piece for his two sisters and himself--each part is inscribed with a name: Yvonne, Magdelaine, Marcel.
		Duchamp never mentioned anything about rhythm, and he did not use any rhythm in the two pieces he wrote out (the Erratum Musical and the instrument version of The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors Even.
	www.ubu.com /sound/duchamp.html (1810 words)

	Marcel Duchamp at SpaightwoodGalleries.com
		For Duchamp, what an artist said was art was art, and he exhibited such objects as a urinal, a mounted bicycle wheel, and a reproduction of the Mona Lisa with a mustache.
		This attack on the artistic object was infuriating the many of his fellow artists as well as almost everyone in the audience of the first exhibitions where these wotrks were presented; they were crucial in impoprtance both to the DADA movement and to such neo-DADAists as Jasper Johns and many of the POP artists.
		Marcel Duchamp, Obligation Monte Carlo reproduced on the cover of the May 1999 issue of the Museum of Modern Art members' magazine.
	spaightwoodgalleries.com /Pages/Duchamp.html (803 words)

	Aquadelia 001 Marcel Duchamp
		The Rotoreliefs were first shown at opening of the 33rd concours lepine, the salon des inventions, at the parc des expositions, porte de varsailles.
		Duchamp has taken a tiny stand of three square meters to exhibit Rotorelief.
		Sandwitched between incinators and a rubbish-compressing machine on the left and an instant vegetable chopper on the right, Duchamps invention, which is awarded an "honorable mention" in the industrial art categoly, goes practically unnoticed by a public whose interest is in a serch for more practical and useful gadgets.
	www.aqualoop.com /aqua_sound/delia/Duchamp.html (265 words)

	Peggy Guggenheim Collection - Artists - Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp was born on 28 July 1887, near Blainville, France.
		In 1914 Duchamp introduced his readymades — common objects, sometimes altered, presented as works of art — which had a revolutionary impact upon many painters and sculptors.
		In 1915 Duchamp came to New York, where his circle included Katherine Dreier and Man Ray, with whom he founded the Société Anonyme, as well as Louise and Walter Arensberg, Francis Picabia, and other avant-garde figures.
	www.guggenheim-venice.it /english/06_artists/duchamp.htm (432 words)

	MARCEL DUCHAMP - RESEARCH - COLLECTION - HARVARD SYMPOSIUM - Paul Mellon Exhibition
		Given In Time: Marcel Duchamp’s "1° the waterfall, 2° the illuminating gaz"- a chorology from 1911 to 1988 is a comprehensive survey on Ducmap’s posthumous work, Given: 1° the waterfall, 2° the illuminating gaz (1946-1966).
		As Duchamp stated, "All in all, the creative act is not performed by the artist alone; the spectator brings the work in contact with the external world by deciphering and interpreting its inner qualifications and thus adds his contribution to the creative act."
		Hitherto the leading Marcel Duchamp collection in private hand, ASRL’s Duchamp collection have primarily focused on the acquisitions of works by Duchamp in conjunction with collections of historical objects and reference materials relevant to one of the most important figures in the development of modern art.
	www.artscienceresearchlab.org /marcelduchamp1.php (2540 words)

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