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Topic: Marcus Tullius Tiro

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	Marcus Tullius Tiro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is possible that Tiro was born a slave in Cicero's household in Arpinum and came with his family to Rome.
		Tiro served Cicero as a secretary, and also more and more as a confidant.
		It is said that Tiro developed shorthand Tironian notes, but this has not been proven and may be a myth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Tiro (202 words)

	ooBdoo
		Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: [ˈsɪsərəʊ]; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator, statesman, political theorist, and philosopher of Ancient Rome.
		Cicero and his younger brother Quintus Tullius Cicero, formerly one of Caesar's legates, and all of their contacts and supporters were numbered among the enemies of the state (though reportedly Octavian fought against Cicero being added to the list for two days).
		The meaning in English is "Marcus Tullius Cicero, son (filius) of Marcus, grandson (nepos) of Marcus, great-grandson (pronepos) of Marcus, of the tribe Cornelia".
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Cicero (3800 words)

	The Roman Father; roman history, roman civilization
		Marcus Tullius Cicero / Gaius Julius Caesar / Gaius Marius
		Marcus Tullius Cicero, belonged to the family of the Cicerones who were of the Tullian clan.
		Marcus junior appears to have been not a bad sort, if a bit of a party animal, who simply didn't have the stuff to rival his father's accomplishments (who did?).
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/pater.htm (1428 words)

	Roman Republic and Empire 264 B.C.E.-476 C.E.: Family and Social Trends History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Born a slave, Tiro was raised in the household of Marcus Tullius Cicero, the father of the famous orator.
		Tiro assisted Cicero in his career as an orator by taking down his speeches in a special shorthand (Tironian notation) that he developed himself.
		Letters between Tiro and Cicero's son Marcus (while Marcus was away studying in Athens) suggest that the friendship extended to all generations of the family, even after he was freed.
	www.bookrags.com /history-roman-republic-empire-family-and-social-trends/sub26.html (416 words)

	Servius Tullius - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Tullius, Servius (reigned 578-535 bc), according to tradition, the sixth king of Rome.
		A wealthy man from the Etruscan city of Tarquinii, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, came to live in Rome and became such a favorite of King Ancus that he...
		Shorthand first came into wide use in the Roman Empire, with notae Tironianae (“Tironian notes”), a system invented in 63 bc by the freedman Marcus...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Servius_Tullius.html (82 words)

	Tullius
		Servius Tullius, the sixth king of ancient Rome (ruled 579-535 BC), added two hills, the Quirinal and Viminal, into the Roman boundary, which from that time onwards became known as the "Seven Hills of Rome".
		Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC), statesman, consul and one of the most famous orators in history, best known for his speeches in exposing the Catiline conspiracy and defending Milo in his murder trial.
		Quintus Tullius Cicero, one of Julius Caesar's generals and younger brother of Marcus.
	www.ancientworlds.net /1048 (251 words)

	Cicero - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: Template:IPA;) (January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin orator and prose stylist.
		Cicero was born in Arpinum and killed at Formia while fleeing from political enemies.
		Cicero and his younger brother Quintus Tullius Cicero, formerly one of Caesar's legates, and all of their contacts and supporters were numbered among the enemies of the state.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Cicero (3215 words)

	Wikinfo \| Tironian notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tironian notes (notae Tironianae) is a system of shorthand invented by Cicero's scribe Marcus Tullius Tiro.
		Its first use is reported by Plutarch to be 63 B.C., when Tiro noted a speech of Cato the younger against Catiline.
		Tiro's system consisted of about 4,000 signs, somewhat extended in classical times to 5,000 signs.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Tironian_notes (203 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tiro lived for many years after the death of Cicero, working hard in that time to preserve his friend's good name while developing his own literary reputation.
		Originally a slave in Cicero's household, Tiro was given his freedom in 54
		After the murder of Cicero in 43, Tiro was the editor of his collected orations and letters, as well as the author of a biography on him.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1742 (126 words)

	CICERO FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Marcus Tullius Cicero (standard English pronunciation ; Classical Latin pronunciation) (January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin orator and prose stylist.
		He was further hindered by the fact that the last man to have been elected to the consulate without consular ancestors (i.e., the last "New Man", or ''Novus Homo'') had been the political radical and militarily innovative Marius.
		Cicero supported Marcus Junius Brutus as governor of Cisalpine Gaul (''Gallia Cisalpina'') and urged the Senate to name Antony an enemy of the state.
	www.gottagetflowers.com /Cicero (3133 words)

	[No title]
		Marcus Pacuvius, the nephew of Ennius, wrote plays for the thirty years after his uncle's death, which had an even greater vogue; he is placed by Cicero at the head of Roman tragedians.
		The eloquence of both the Gracchi was their great political weapon; that of Gaius was the most powerful in exciting feeling that had ever been known; and his death was mourned, even by fierce political opponents, as a heavy loss to Latin literature.
		That even at the time there was a sense of their unreality--of their being rhetorical exercises to interest the capital while the real issues of the period were being fought out elsewhere--is indicated by the name that from the first they went under, the _Philippics_.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext05/7llit10.txt (18043 words)

	Republican Roman Names
		Julius Caesar was Gaius Julius Caesar and Cicero was Marcus Tullius Cicero for example.
		Whatever the original meaning, Marcus ignored those who advised him to change it if he had any hope for a career in politics, made the name famous and carried it with honor.
		For example, Marcus Tullius Tiro was the freed slave secretary of Marcus Tullius Cicero.
	romanhistorybooksandmore.freeservers.com /l_rrr.htm (1203 words)

	Abecedaria
		Tiro was a slave of Rome and had been granted his freedom by Marcus Tullius Cicero.
		Highly educated, "he then became Cicero's secretary and confidant," and as such had the opportunity and fortunately the intelligence and skill to invent a system of shorthand that was to be used in the Roman Senate and as a basis for future shorthand systems.
		Not a very accurate method, but Tiro continued to improve on his system by devising further abbreviations for common sentences and phrases used by the orators of the day.
	abecedaria.blogspot.com (6516 words)

	Stenographic History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Freed from slavery, he became Cicero's secretary, and in the year 63 B.C., used a metal stylus to report a speech by Cato.
		Tiro's system was simple, consisting of abbreviations of well-known words.
		Knowing well the statesmen of his day, Tiro was impressed by the manner in which they repeated themselves, and he subsequently devised a system of shorthand by which a single sign stood for an entire sentence.
	www.gmss.ie /steno_history.html (1478 words)

	CATASTROPE AT NEW YORK
		The notes top his slave-secretary Tiro are clear and crisp, and clearly not talking-down to him since TIro although slave and foreign-born, was certainly a well educated man, a stenographer who had to know Latin stylistics well, and a personal friend.
		Marcus Tullius TIro was a slave of Cicero, who manumitted him around 54 B.C..
		Tiro was the father of "Tironian Annotation", a system he developed for recording Cicero's speeches real-time, in other words a workable shorthand.
	community.middlebury.edu /~harris/Texts/CiceroLetters.html (5269 words)

	Cicero (Marcus Tullius) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Cicero (Marcus Tullius) - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cicero (Marcus Tullius) (106-43 bc), Roman writer, statesman, and orator.
		Although he had a distinguished political career, he is best known as...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Cicero_(Marcus_Tullius).html (96 words)

	Jobsite
		Ever since Marcus Tullius Tiro combined the letters "e" and "t" into "and" when noting down the words of Cicero in the fourth century BC, those who have wanted to get ahead have learned shorthand.
		Although people are changing careers more frequently these days, there are a few core skills that are bound to come in handy wherever you go - and there's never been a better time to re-learn how to write.
		After all, almost everyone invokes the memory of that fourth-century Roman, Tiro, by using a shorthand substitute for "and" in their notes now and then.
	www.jobsite.co.uk /articles/candidate/c150/s172/a1241.html (633 words)

	Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the civil war, after some hesitation, he espoused the cause of Pompey, but after the battle of Pharsalus he sought and obtained pardon from Caesar.
		In 43 B.C. he was proscribed with Marcus and put to death.
		as well as a long document addressed to Marcus when the latter was a candidate for the consulship.
	www.chlt.org /sandbox/perseus/abb.cic_eng/page.518.a.php (134 words)

	Glossary
		The daughters of Marcus Antonius were known as Antonia maior (grandmother of Nero) and Antonia minor (mother of Claudius).
		Thus Tiro, the educated slave of Cicero, when he was freed, became Marcus Tullius Tiro.
		The freedman of a woman took the name of her father, e.g., Marcus Livius Augustae l Ismarus; the letter l stood for libertus, and was inserted in all formal documents.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /temetfutue/glossary/glossaryN.htm (4929 words)

	Salem Press
		Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, 211-212, 268, 313, 690, 868, 946, 992, 1123
		Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 369, 382, 388, 391, 415, 442, 727, 872, 884, 921, 966, 1033
		Marcus Aurelius, 59, 80, 258, 393, 503, 525, 540, 610, 656, 694, 763-764, 959, 1161
	salempress.com /Store/samples/encyclopedia_ancient_world/encyclopedia_ancient_world_index.htm (6340 words)

	Southern District Reporters (SDR): About Us
		As early as the fourth century B.C., a freed slave, Marcus Tullius Tiro, devised a system of shorthand to record the speeches of Roman orators.
		Among Tiro's innovations was the ampersand, which is still in use today.
		Phonetic shorthand systems were developed in Britain in the sixteenth century and became popular for recording letters, sermons, and court proceedings.
	www.sdreporters.com /about.shtml (747 words)

	American Family Educator
		Specimen of Tironean notes by Marcus Tullius Tiro.
		It has been claimed that Cicero was the founder of shorthand, but history does not support the claim.
		Among his contemporary practitioners of the art were Vipsanius Philargyrus, a freedman of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa; Aquila, a freedman of Caius Cilnius Maecenas.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/preservation/educator/book9/pg653.htm (1219 words)

	Cicero - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He never entirely recovered from this tragic shock.
		His daughter and his son Marcus Tullius Cicero Minor, were from first his marriage to Terentia Varrones.
		Cicero was taken completely by surprise when the Liberatores assassinated Caesar on the Ides of March 44 BC.
	en.wikipedia.christams-ornament.com /wiki/Cicero (4612 words)

	Fodor's Travel Guides \| Forums Messages
		Marcus Tullius Tiro invented a form of shorthand to record the speeches of the Roman Senate.
		It was ET in Latin, which Tiro shorthanded it into and.
		And the artist is 10 letters, 8th letter T as in Tullius.
	www.fodors.com /forums/pgMessages.jsp?fid=2&tid=34524664&numresponses=16&start=0 (9212 words)

	BOSTON COURT REPORTING SCHOOL \| NEW ENGLAND COURT REPORTING INSTITUTE
		Man has always been obsessed with keeping written records of the spoken word.
		In ancient Roman times, Marcus Tullius Tiro became the secretary to Cicero and in the year 63B.C. used metal stylus to report a speech by Cato.
		To keep up with the speaker he wrote using abbreviations of well known words and he omitted words that could be filled in later from memory or by context.
	www.necri.org /history.htm (304 words)

	Court Reporters
		Shorthand is a set of codes or abbreviations used to transcribe, or write down, what people say.
		Marcus Tullius Tiro, secretary to the great Roman orator Cicero, invented a form of shorthand in the year 63 B.C. to record Cicero's speeches.
		Over the centuries, many others have created and refined shorthand systems.
	www.collegeboard.com /csearch/majors_careers/profiles/careers/105606.html (407 words)

	ALRItkwRom101HighLowlights.html
		The first was, that whoever was turned out of any public office by the people, should be thereby rendered incapable of bearing any office afterwards; the second, that if any magistrate condemn a Roman to be banished without a legal trial, the people be authorized to take cognizance thereof.
		One of these laws was manifestly leveled at Marcus Octavius, who, at the instigation of Tiberius, had been deprived of his tribuneship.
		But he did not last long; the cities immediately sent a large number of troops against him, and they were assisted by Nicomedes the Bithynian and by the kings of the Cappadocians.
	www.mmdtkw.org /ALRItkwRom101HighLowlights.html (11927 words)

	Course Assignments
		Roman married life is also referred to in numerous inscriptions, set up in memory of husbands and wives.
		(For example, Tiro, the freedman of Marcus Tullius Cicero, became Marcus Tullius Tiro.) As a citizen, he now had the right to vote in elections, and to make a will or business agreement which would be valid in the eyes of the law.
		If he had been living in an unofficial marriage with a slave-woman, one of his first acts after manumission might be to save up enough money to buy her out of slavery and marry her legally.
	comp.uark.edu /~lkday/RWsociety.html (4615 words)

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