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Topic: Marginal sea

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	ooBdoo
		A sea is a large expanse of saline water connected with an ocean, or a large, usually saline, lake that lacks a natural outlet such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea.
		Many seas are marginal seas, in which currents are caused by ocean winds; others are mediterranean seas, in which currents are caused by differences in salinity and temperature.
		Dirac sea is an interpretation of the negative energy states that comprises the vacuum.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Sea (462 words)

	Marginal sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sea of Okhotsk (by the Kurile Islands)
		The Norwegian Sea (by Iceland and the Faroe Islands)
		Note that although the Caribbean Sea is enclosed by most of the Antilles and the mainland of the Americas, it is not a marginal sea because (together with the Gulf of Mexico) it forms the American mediterranean sea and its currents are mainly caused by salinity and temperature differences rather than by ocean winds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marginal_sea (269 words)

	> Glossary of terms - Physical World - Oceans and Seas - Aanderaa Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Japan Sea---Pacific Ocean, is a marginal sea bound by the Japanese islands of Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu and Sakhalin island to the east, and the Korean peninsula and Russia to the west.
		Sea of Japan---Pacific Ocean, Asian Seas, is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, bound by the Japanese islands of Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu and Sakhalin island to the east, and the Korean peninsula and Russia to the west, greatest known depth: 3,742m, Central Basin
		It is separated from the South China Sea in the northeast by Palawan, and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago.
	www.aanderaa.com /render.asp?ID=458 (3240 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - East Sea
		Sea of Japan, a marginal sea between Korea and Japan.
		South China Sea, a marginal sea south of China and east and south of Indochina, called Biá»n ÄÃ´ng in Vietnamese.
		Baltic Sea, a sea east of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Jutland, in various Germanic languages (e.g., "Ostsee" in German, "Ã—stersjÃ¶n" in Swedish and "Oostzee" in Dutch).
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=East_Sea (153 words)

	UN Seahorse: Oceans around Japan
		he Sea of Okhotsk is to the north of the four main islands of Japan, the Pacific Ocean is to the east and south, the East China Sea is to the southwest, and the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan are on the west.
		A marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean bounded on the east by the Japanese islands, the west and southwest by Korea, and the north and northwest by the former Soviet Union.
		A marginal sea on the northern rim of the Pacific Ocean centered near 55 N and 150 E. It is bounded by the Siberian coast to the west and north, the Kamchatka Peninsula to the east, and the Kurile Islands to the south and southeast.
	www.gdrc.org /oceans/un-seahorse/ocean.html (1096 words)

	Ocean Drilling Program: News Release
		Like an organism, the Japan Sea originated and evolved in response to its environment; processes both on land and deep within Earth's mantle gave birth to and continue to affect the ongoing life of the sea.
		The Japan Sea is the deepest and largest of a great chain of marginal seas that ring the Pacific Rim.
		As the crust melts, arcs of volcanoes form between the trenches and the marginal seas.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /public/pressrel_html/leg128.html (1116 words)

	OVERFLOWS IN THE ATLANTIC
		In the present climate the densest water is produced in high latitude marginal seas and the deep ocean is filled with cold, polar and subpolar waters.
		We believe that one step toward an improved understanding of past deep sea climates and toward forecasting future climates is to learn what processes set the properties of marginal sea outflows, and thereby the climate of the deep sea.
		We approach the problem of marginal sea outflows by a extensive analysis of observations of the Mediterranean outflow (Figure 2) and by the development and analysis of a simple numerical simulation model (Figure 3) to examine and compare with modern outflows.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /general/project/phodmob2.html (783 words)

	Wind- and buoyancy-forced upper ocean circulation in two-strait marginal seas with application to the Japan/East Sea
		The wind- and buoyancy-forced upper ocean circulation in a marginal sea connected to the open ocean through two straits is investigated using idealized numerical and analytical models.
		It is shown that for anticyclonic wind stress curl and atmospheric cooling in the marginal sea, the inflow transport branches into eastern and western boundary currents, in qualitative agreement with observed branching of the Tsushima Current in the southern JES.
		The eastern boundary current arises because wind forcing in the open ocean, and a circulation integral around the island that separates the marginal sea from the open ocean, maintains the temperature on the island to be warmer than that found in the interior of the marginal sea.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001JC000966.shtml (314 words)

	Seastars
		The body form most familiar is the star shape, but this form can vary dramatically, from the very beautifully star-shaped and colored marginal sea star to the sluglike sea cucumber that may take a prize for one of the ugliest animals in existence, says Szedlmayer.
		Because sea urchins are easy to handle in the laboratory, many studies have been conducted in development biology using sea urchin eggs.
		Sea stars are star-shaped, while the brittle stars have a center round disk with spiderlike arms.
	www.aces.edu /dept/extcomm/newspaper/seastars.html (601 words)

	Arctic and Southern Ocean Sea Ice Concentrations
		The Arctic and Southern Ocean Sea Ice Concentrations data set is popular with NSIDC users because it is a long time series (no other sea ice time series available from NSIDC begins as early as 1901), includes both poles, and presents data in an easy to use gridded format.
		The sea ice component of this new data set makes use of satellite passive microwave data as well as all available (as of 1999) operational ice chart data in digital form.
		Monthly sea ice concentrations for the Arctic are digitized on a standard 1-degree grid (cylindrical projection) to provide a "relatively uniform set of sea ice extent for all longitudes, as a basis for hemispheric scale studies of observed sea ice fluctuations" (Walsh 1978).
	nsidc.org /data/docs/noaa/g00799_arctic_southern_sea_ice (3258 words)

	Long-term ice variability in arctic marginal seas
		In the Kara Sea, which is closer to the North Atlantic, the LFO signature is most pronounced (Figures 2, 3).
		In the Chukchi Sea, the furthest of the seas from the North Atlantic, ice variability is dominated by a relatively high-frequency decadal mode and there is no evidence of the LFO.
		In the Kara and Chukchi seas trends are positive, and in the Laptev and East Siberian seas trends are negative.
	www.frontier.iarc.uaf.edu /~igor/research/ice/index.php (2046 words)

	::: Black Sea ::: Ecosystem Evolution
		The current evolution of the Black Sea is most obviously illustrated by its rising water level, average 20 mm per decade in 20th century; although this secular trend is masked by more pronounced (up to 20 cm) interannual variability of the sea level caused by the changing river discharge.
		Manifestations of the Black Sea's rising water level can be seen almost at any beach: submerged old piers; concrete foundations of beach guards' towers (established some 30 years ago and now covered by waves), sand beaches (once crowded as seen on 20-year-old photographs) having disappeared completely where stone embankments had been constructed.
		The combined effect of eutrophication and overfishing in the Black Sea was that in 1970s, the main stream of matter and energy within the Black Sea ecosystem was shortcut from the phytoplankton primary producers to bacterioplankton reducers via gelatinous zooplankton.
	blacksea.orlyonok.ru /e2-1.shtml (2559 words)

	LSG/MSM Coupling Report #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There is net flow into the marginal sea, since it is a evaporation basin; global sea-level budgets suggest that this is correctly taken care of (but I still need to do a more detailed check).
		Finally, a profile of velocities into and out of the marginal sea, as calculated by the MSM, is shown in Figure 6.
		The strong, shallow flow into the marginal sea can be seen, as well as the broad outflow of water after the entrainment process has been added in.
	meteora.ucsd.edu /~pierce/docs/j_price.95-03-24/text.html (467 words)

	Jason-1 monitoring and prediction capabilities on the continental shelf
		The sea level drop across the straits is expected to provide an estimate of the flow, and this information will be vital to future ocean environment monitoring systems.
		Thus, the Jason-1 altimeter data will be used to monitor the SSH difference between the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan, which is related to the pressure head driving the transport through the strait.
		A regional Asian marginal seas sigma coordinate model is presently being set up to study this area (figure 2).
	topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov /science/invest-jacobs.html (788 words)

	Marginal sea biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A marginal sea is a sea bordering a continent and separated from an ocean by any of a variety of features such as:
		Vertical marginal seas (縱邊緣海): the long (main) axis parallels the coastline of the nearest land.
		Horizontal marginal seas (橫邊緣海): the long axis is approximately perpendicular to the coastline.
	www.biography.ms /Marginal_sea.html (171 words)

	An Informed Guide to Climate Data Sets: Walsh Sea Ice Concentrations
		Mid-month values of sea ice concentration for the Arctic are digitized on a standard 1-degree grid (cylindrical projection) to provide a "relatively uniform set of sea ice extent for all longitudes, as a basis for hemispheric scale studies of observed sea ice fluctuations" (Walsh, 1978).
		Because most of the direct observations of sea ice (1870-1971 period) are from ships at sea, they are generally the most complete near the ice edge.
		Chapman, W.L. and J.E. Walsh (1991): Long-Range Prediction of Regional Sea Ice Anomalies in the Arctic.
	www.cgd.ucar.edu /cas/guide/Data/walsh.html (1225 words)

	SeaBottom.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A sea (pronounced see) is a large expanse of saline water (salt water) connected with an ocean.
		The term sea is also used for large, usually saline, lakes that lack a natural outlet, such as the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Galilee.
		The term is used in a less geographically precise manner as synonymous with ocean, as in the tropical sea or down to the sea shore, or even sea water referring to water of the ocean.
	www.seabottom.com (337 words)

	Criminal Resource Manual 670 Maritime Jurisdiction
		Until recently the term "high seas" was always understood as intending the open and unenclosed waters of the sea beginning at low-water mark.
		The territorial sea was extended from 3 to 12 nautical miles by Presidential Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988.
		Despite the apparent universal application of the term "high seas," it was early held that, as a general rule, Federal criminal jurisdiction does not attach to offenses committed by and against foreigners on foreign vessels.
	www.usdoj.gov /usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usam/title9/crm00670.htm (732 words)

	Norway in the arctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In addition it covers the western part of the Barents Sea, which is the shallow marginal sea between the shelf edge to the west, Svalbard to the north, the disputed boundary line with Russia to the east and mainland Norway to the south.
		Ottar described his voyages to the White Sea, and although he was perhaps not the first Norwegian to reach these unknown waters, his journey was, nevertheless, a remarkable feat of exploration, which made both the North Cape and the White Sea known in European literature for the first time.
		This is mainly due to a ban on the slaughter of young animals on the hunting grounds around Jan Mayen, and a reduction in quotas for the waters west of Novaya Zemlya.
	www.reisenett.no /facts/geography/arctic.html (3888 words)

	GTOS :: TEMS database
		Sea ice extent is the ocean area in which a defined minimum of sea ice can be found.
		Sea ice concentration is the proportion of the ocean area actually covered by ice in the area of the total sea ice extent.
		Changes in sea ice concentration (extent) play a major role in ocean-atmosphere fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum.
	www.fao.org /gtos/tems/variable_show.jsp?VARIABLE_ID=94 (318 words)

	The Ross Sea
		The Ross Sea, a marginal Antarctic sea south of New Zealand, has been studied since the days of the Scott/Amundsen expeditions.
		The Sea's relatively low species diversity reduces the complexity of food-web analyses, and its pronounced spring phytoplankton bloom provides a readily observable signal.
		The oceanography of the Ross Sea is relatively well known, including its physical oceanography and hydrography, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton biomass and species composition.
	www.vims.edu /bio/ivars/ross_sea.html (331 words)

	ePIC: Surface drag in the Arctic marginal sea-ice zone: a comparison of different parameterisation concepts
		Two parameterisation schemes of the turbulent surface fluxes and drag coefficients over the Arctic marginal sea ice zone (MIZ) are (further) developed, and their results are compared with each other.
		For unstable stratification and sea ice conditions being typical for the north eastern Fram Strait, the drag coefficients resulting from the parameter averaging concept are 5-10 % larger than those of the flux averaging concept.
		At a sea ice concentration of 45 %, the parameter averaging method overestimates the heat fluxes by a factor of 1.2.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Lpk2004a_abstract.html (321 words)

	Hoto4_a16
		The pilot study defines the key variables and parameters to be measured on a permanent basis with regard to the sustainable development of marine resources and prevention of adverse effects of anthropogenic activities on the environment, including marine environmental and human health issues.
		The Black Sea, an almost enclosed marginal sea faced with severe environmental problems, may be considered as one of the best application areas for a HOTO Pilot Project in the world oceans.
		The sustainable development of coastal and marine resources in the Black Sea requires implementation of a systematic monitoring programme, which provides the information to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity and integrity of marine communities, minimize the loss of species, limit human influences on living marine resources, protect critical habitats, and safeguard human health.
	ioc.unesco.org /goos/hoto4/hoto4_a16.htm (2035 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sea surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration can be estimated by using the OC4 linear algorithm, which was proposed by Wang and Cota (2003).
		The Bering Sea is consists of the western deep basin and the eastern shallow/wide continental shelf.
		Along the Bering Sea shelf break, mesoscale eddies occur due to the interaction between the boundary current, Bering Slope Current and the bottom topography.
	www.frontier.iarc.uaf.edu /~kmizobata/research.html (913 words)

	Occidentalism » Google Earth Calls ‘Sea of Japan’ the ‘East Sea’
		There are four countries that border the Sea of Japan and the two (Japan and Russia) that call it Sea of Japan have a greater coastline and population along the sea than the two countries (South and North Korea) that call it East Sea (East Sea of Korea).
		To Russia, the Sea of Japan is south and to Japan it is to the west.
		Sea of Japan was already established internationally in the 19th century before Japan opened the country to the world.
	www.occidentalism.org /?p=58 (5347 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The oceanic component is a multi- level model that incorporates second-moment closure for turbulent mixing in the water column.
		During winter, sea ice in the central Bering Sea is transported toward the shelf break by off-ice winds, where it encounters northward flowing warmer north Pacific waters and melts.
		Sensitivity studies indicate that the density structure and the circulation beneath the ice and the position of the ice edge are rather sensitive to the parameters affecting the dynamics and the thermodynamics of the coupled ice-ocean system.
	www.gfdl.noaa.gov /~gth/netscape/1989/lk8902.html (340 words)

	Chukchi Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chukchi Sea (Russian: Чуко́тское мо́ре) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, between Chukotka and Alaska.
		The Bering Strait connects it to the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean.
		It is bounded on one side by Wrangel Island on the west and the Beaufort Sea to the east.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chukchi_Sea (140 words)

	Talk:Caribbean Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Caribbean Sea was the collaboration of the week for the week starting on April 23, 2006.
		And according to the second sentence on the marginal sea page, mediterranean seas are not marginal seas.
		The article Caribbean Sea shows some signs of unawareness of Caribbean (which should probably be either Caribbean region or Demography and politics of the Caribbean).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Caribbean_Sea (498 words)

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