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Topic: Marginocephalia

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	Taxon Search : View Taxon Details
		Currie and Padian (1997) were first to define Marginocephalia.
		Marginocephalia includes two well defined subclades, pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians.
		Because there is some uncertainty regarding the monophyly of the clade, negative taxon qualifiers ensure that major external groups will not be included within Marginocephalia.
	www.taxonsearch.org /dev/taxon_edit.php?Action=View&tax_id=197 (188 words)

	Introduction to the Marginocephalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Marginocephalia ("fringed heads") are a clade of extinct herbivorous dinosaurs that inherited a slight shelf or frill at the back of their skull from their common ancestor back in the Early/mid Cretaceous period.
		Marginocephalia is one of three major groups of the Ornithischia, or "bird-hipped" dinosaurs.
		They are closely related to the Ornithopoda and some scientists suggest that the origin of Marginocephalia may lie within that group, close to the Heterodontosauridae.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /diapsids/ornithischia/marginocephalia.html (160 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Marginocephalias are herbivores that are divided up into two sub-groups; Pachyephalosauria and Ceratopsia.
		The other group that is in the Marginocephalia family is the Ceratopsia dinosaurs.
		They also are classified as having the bird hip trait and they are known for their horns.
	t3.preservice.org /T0211555/marginocephalia.htm (129 words)

	DinoDatabase.com :: Discovery and Classification \| Marginocephalia
		Marginocephalia, (mahr-GIN-oh-sef-FAY-lee ah) is a suborder of small-to-large-sized ornithischians, either bipedal or quadrupedal.
		Marginocephalia, a mostly Late Cretaceous suborder, is composed of two infraorders: the domed or thick-headed Pachycephalosauria, and the frill-headed and horned groups of Ceratopsia, which includes Triceratops within its families.
		Subtle characteristics in the pelvic area, namely the ischium and pubis, as well as frill similarities help to differentiate Marginocephalia from other ornithischians.
	www.dinodatabase.com /dinoclas06.asp (86 words)

	DinoDatabase.com :: Discovery and Classification \| Pachycephalosauria
		Pachycephalosauria (pak-ee-sef-uh-lo-SAWR-ee-uh) is the infraorder of “thick-headed” Marginocephalia dinosaurs.
		Members of this group had helmet-like skulls, which were up to 9 inches (23 cm) thick, as in Pachycephalosaurus.
		Pachycephalosaurs were bipedal and herbivorous, as were the ornithopods from whom they were probably derived.
	www.dinodatabase.com /dinoclas08.asp (131 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Image:Ornithischia.png (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Suborders Thyreophora Cerapoda Ornithopoda Marginocephalia Ornithischia is an order of beaked, herbivorous dinosaurs.
		Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end).
		Categories: GFDL images Orders Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Ornithischia Dinosaurs are reptiles that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for most of their 165-million year existence.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Image:Ornithischia.png (176 words)

	Glossary \| Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs, by Anthony J. Martin
		Uncertainly assigned as a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, placed with clades Marginocephalia, Ceratopsia, and Neoceratopsia, among the most primitive of neoceratopsians.
		Anatomical reference to a body part that is close to an organism’s midline.
		Clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, placed with clades Marginocephalia and Ceratopsia, considered as the oldest clade of ceratopsians.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /dinosaurs/glossary-m-r.asp (1350 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_PubMed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Although the Ceratopsia and Pachycephalosauria, two major ornithischian groups, are united as the Marginocephalia, few synapomorphies have been identified due to their highly specialized body-plans.
		Several studies have linked the Heterodontosauridae with either the Ceratopsia or Marginocephalia, but evidence for these relationships is weak, leading most recent studies to consider the Heterodontosauridae as the basal member of another major ornithischian radiation, the Ornithopoda.
		Character distributions along the marginocephalian lineage reveal that, compared to the bipedal Pachycephalosauria, which retained a primitive post-cranial body-plan, the dominantly quadrupedal ceratopsians lost many marginocephalian features and evolved their own characters early in their evolution.
	www.asco.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.a3fb42726842a82627c4c291ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=d70b3608f9958010VgnVCM100000f2730ad1RCRD&index=n&pmid=16901832 (247 words)

	Yinlong at AllExperts
		A small rostral bone on the end of the upper jaw clearly identifies Yinlong as a ceratopsian, although the skull displays several features, especially the ornamentation of the squamosal bone of the skull roof, which were previously thought to be unique to pachycephalosaurians.
		The presence of these features in Yinlong indicates these as actual synapomorphies (unique features) of the larger group Marginocephalia, which contains both the pachycephalosaurs and the ceratopsians, although these features have been lost in all known ceratopsians more derived than Yinlong.
		The group containing Marginocephalia and Heterodontosauridae has been named Heterodontosauriformes (Xu et al.
	en.allexperts.com /e/y/yi/yinlong.htm (635 words)

	Amazon.com: Marginocephalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		the armored Thyreophora, the ridge-headed Marginocephalia, and the primarily bipedal Ornithopoda.
		so-called "fringed," or "frilled," lizards (Marginocephalia) are the ceratopsians ("horned face")...
		Marginocephalians Catherine A. Forster The Marginocephalia: A Common Ancestry and The...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Marginocephalia&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (1076 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates: 320.800 Ornithischia: Marginocephalia
		The Marginocephalia or "fringed heads" were a specialised group of Ornithischians defined by a small shelf or frill at the back of their skull.
		There are two main types, the dome heads and the horned dinosaurs, which evolved from a common ancestor during the early Cretaceous.
		Links: DinoData: Marginocephalia; Introduction to the Marginocephalia; Marginocephalia - EnchantedLearning.com; New Page 6; The Natural History Museum's Dino Directory; Pachycephalosaurs and Ceratopsians (November 5).
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/320Ornithischia/800.html (1094 words)

	Ceratopsians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		They are defined as all Marginocephalia closer to Ceratopsidae than to Pachycephalosauria.
		In 1986, Paul Sereno created the Neoceratopsia, comprising the Protoceratopsidae and the Ceratopsidae to stand as a sister group to the Psittacosauria as monophyletic clades within the Ceratopsia.
		Sereno also created the Marginocephalia, comprising the Ceratopsia plus its sister group the Pachycephalosauria, both characterised by an Incipient parieto-squamosal frill overhanging the back of the skull.
	www.bway.net /~noel/paleo/ceratopsians.html (218 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Marginocephalia
		Or else, you can start by choosing any of the categories below.
		Marginocephalia is a group of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the thick-skulled pachycephalosaurids, and horned ceratopsians.
		They were all herbivores, walking in two or four legs, and they all had some kind of crest or bump in their heads.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Marginocephalia (218 words)

	In Hand Museum - Protoceratops
		Ornithiscians are generally divided into three large groups: Thyreophora, Ornithopoda, and the Marginocephalia.
		While membership within each group is fairly well established, how these three groups relate to one another is still a topic of lively discussion among paleontologists.
		Males had larger, more erect frills and a more prominent bump on the snout than females.
	www.inhandmuseum.com /Dinosauria/Ornithischia/Marginocephalia/Ceratopsia/Neoceratopsia/Protoceratopsidae/Protoceratops.html (484 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The majority of Marginocephalia are the ceratopsians -- the famous Triceratops and its close relatives, which are the other ornithiscian dinosaurs who developed a bony frill on the backs of their necks and some form of horn on their face.
		On this page you will read about Triceratops and a dinosaur that looks quite like it, as well as a very different-looking dinosaur, the Pachycephalosaurus, who was a hipsilophodont, not a ceratopsian.
		Pachycephalosaurus' body was designed so that when he charged, his backbone and tail were aligned to make a support beam for his head: a perfect battering ram.
	www.personal.psu.edu /students/a/v/avb111/Marginocephalia.html (413 words)

	GW News Center
		Other features include a rough surface to bones in the upper and lower jaws, and the shape of the bones on the skull behind the eye.
		The horned ceratopsians and thick-skulled pachycephalosaurs make up the suborder Marginocephalia, part of the ornithischian dinosaurs.
		Both groups were herbivores, walking on two or four legs, and are characterized by a bony ridge or frill on the back of the skull.
	www.gwu.edu /~media/pressrelease.cfm?ann_id=22171 (1315 words)

	Fossils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Thyreophora are a group of small to quite large armored plant-eating dinosaurs
		Marginocephalia ("fringed heads") are a clade of extinct herbivorous dinosaurs
		Ornithopoda are a group of medium to large plant-eating dinosaurs
	www.oconee.k12.sc.us /walmid/sclinks/Fossils.htm (557 words)

	Lec 8 - Boneheads
		Pachycephalosauria are members of the Marginocephalia, along with the Ceratopsia (the horned dinosaurs).
		All members of the Marginocephalia have a frill projecting from the back of the skull (an extension of the parietal and squamisal bones of the skull).
		In the Pachycephalosauria, this frill is very small as compared to the Ceratopsisa.
	www.wvup.edu /ecrisp/lec8boneheads.htm (787 words)

	homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At these sites students will have the opportunity to research, locate information, and quiz their understanding of dinosaurs.
		In these sites we will discuss five major types of dinosaurs, which are the Theropods, Sauropods, Ornithopods, Marginocephalia, and the Thyreophora.
		Also, at these sites we will have information on the food that a particular dinosaur eats, the size of a particular dinosaur, and the time when that dinosaur may have lived.
	t3.preservice.org /T0211555 (645 words)

	Triceratops
		You'll be able to see the original skull, the left and right humerus and the prototyped replacement left humerus of Triceratops, and the miniature Triceratops mounted in the original posture for comparison.
		We will also show skulls of the other members of the Marginocephalia, including Diceratops (two horns instead of three), Styracosaurus (a full skeletal mount of a baby), Centrosaurus, Protoceratops, Bagaceratops, Psittacosaurus, and four bone-headed dinosaurs, the pachycephalosaurs.
		You'll be able to touch a cast horn of Triceratops and a bronze skull of a 1/6th-scale Triceratops.
	www.mnh.si.edu /exhibits/triceratops/Triceratopsdigital.htm (429 words)

	Dinosaurs
		The special thing about Marginocephalia (meaning "fringed heads") is their distinctive skull structure.
		They have a shelf or bony frill at the top of their skull, and a unique palate (part of the mouth).
		There were two groups of Marginocephalia, the Ceratopsians, which were horned dinosaurs, such as Triceratops, and Pachycephalosaurians, skulled dinosaurs that walked upright.
	paleontology.esmartstudent.com /dinosaurs.html (2463 words)

	Design-a-Dinosaur Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He later came back with a group of archiologists and dug up the rest of the specimen.
		Thie creature belongs to the Saurichia order and the Marginocephalia.
		This phenomina can be seen at the Dindosaur National Monument in Colorado, come by for a visit.
	www.seaburyhall.org /library/sci_dir/MSScience/dino/dinojam.html (164 words)

	Dinosaurs: The Natural History Museum's Dino Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Dinosauria, Ornithischia, Genasauria, Cerapoda, Marginocephalia, Ceratopsia, Neoceratopsia, Bagaceratopsidae
		Dinosauria, Ornithischia, Genasauria, Cerapoda, Marginocephalia, Pachycephalosauria, Goyocephala, Homalocephaloidea
		Dinosauria, Ornithischia, Genasauria, Cerapoda, Marginocephalia, Ceratopsia, Neoceratopsia, Coronosauria
	internt.nhm.ac.uk /jdsml/nature-online/dino-directory/region.dsml?disp=list®ionID=2&perID=6&sort=Genus (646 words)

	ADD TITLE & META TAGS
		The Marginocephalia ("fringed heads") are a clade of extinct herbivorous dinosaurs that inherited a slight shelf or frill at the back of their skull from their common ancestor back in the Early/mid Cretaceous period.
		This "margin" was elaborated differently in the two main subgroups of the Marginocephalia.
		You are probably familiar with some of these taxa — they include the "bone-headed" pachycephalosaurs and the frilled Ceratopsians, such as the early Protoceratops and the famous Triceratops (pictured above).
	www.dinosaur-world.com /dinosaur_evolution/111-marginocephalia/111-marginocephalia.htm (767 words)

	Pachycephalosaurier
		Die Männchen lieferten sich mit den Köpfen Duelle zur Paarungszeit.
		Die nächsten Verwandten der Pachycephalosaurier sind die Ceratopsier (übersetzt: Horngesichter), zusammen mit ihnen bilden sie die Infra-Ordnung der Marginocephalia.
		Die Pachycephalosaurier waren herbivore Tiere, die sich wahrscheinlich von Farnen und Beeren ernährten und auf zwei Beinen gingen.
	www.kalkriese.de /Pachycephalosauria.html (178 words)

	Lecture 19: Late Cretaceous I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Prenocephale, is a member of the Pachcephalosauria, the shared derived charcter for which is the thickened skull roof, which in this case makes a massive dome.
		The Pachcephalosauria, or dome heads, are the sister group to the Ceratopsia within the Marginocephalia.
		In general, pachycephalosaurs tend to be small lightly-built dinosaurs, comparable in size to sheep or antelope (although there are exceptions).
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /users/polsen/nbcp/mongol16.html (661 words)

	Formel Dino: Marginocephalia
		Er wurde 5,2 m lang und lebte vor 85-80 MJ in Kanada und den USA.
		Ein Ceratopsier (Marginocephalia) mit kurzem Nackenschild und einem langen Horn auf der Schnauze.
		Dieser 5,5 m lange Ceratopsier (Marginocephalia), der vor 80-75 MJ in Kanada lebtet, gibt uns Rätsel auf: Sind die dicken Knubbel auf seiner Schnauze Verdickungen, so wie die Schädel der Pachycephalosaurier verdickt waren, oder hatte er sich zu Lebzeiten das Horn abgebrochen?
	www.formel-dino.de /marginocephalia.htm (728 words)

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