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Topic: Mari El

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Federal districts of Russia

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	Mari El
		Mari El republic (or simply Mari El) is translated as Mari Land.
		Mari El disposes all means of travelling, including airline, river way, railroad, and highway.
		Mari El is ecologically clean land with endless forests and great number of lakes and rivers.
	www.yoshkar-ola.com /travel/yoshkar-ola/mariel.shtml (460 words)

	Mari El - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mari El Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Мари́й Эл; Mari: Марий Эл Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).
		Meadow Mari is official in the republic, along with Russian, and Hill Mari is considered to be a variant.
		Mari Autonomous Oblast was established on November 4, 1920.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mari_El (710 words)

	Mari people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mari (also known as Cheremis in Russian and Çirmeş in Tatar) are a Volga-Finnic people in the Volga area, the natives of Mari El, Russia.
		The total population of the Mari is 670,900 (1989), 324,400 of whom are in Mari El, and 19,500 in Tatarstan.
		Most Maris are Christians (converted in the 16th century by Ivan Grozny), while some are of the Marla faith, Christianity with a significant addition of pre-Christian elements.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mari (139 words)

	Overview report on the Republic of Mari El
		Mari El is known for its natural beauty, with half of its territory covered by forests, cut by tributaries of the Volga river.
		Mari El is one of the few agricultural areas in the world where bee keeping has economic importance in the market.
		Mari El is worth visiting for those who enjoy nature, river rafting, hiking and horse-riding, and who seek distraction from the busy tempo of Moscow life, especially in spring and in summer.
	www.bisnis.doc.gov /bisnis/bisdoc/0310MariElReport.htm (2378 words)

	Religioscope - Mari Paganism in Russia - Traditional Religion
		Mari anthropologist Nikandr Popov points out that pagan prayer meetings were permitted by decree during the Second World War - with collections being made for the front - and survived subsequent Soviet attempts to suppress them.
		The Mari republican authorities are unequivocal in their support for paganism - or, in the words of the local official dealing with religious affairs, Valentina Kutasova, "the ancient Mari religion".
		It is in accordance with this law, she maintains, that the Mari authorities "work to prevent the traditional religions from opposing one another," and not due to some local policy.
	www.religioscope.com /notes/2002/030_mari_a.htm (818 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Mari El @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The population is mainly Russian (47%) and Mari (43%), with Tatar, Chuvash, Udmurt, and other minorities.
		Previously called Cheremiss, the Mari speak a Finno-Ugric language and are known for their wood and stone carving and embroidery.
		Ruled by the Eastern Bulgars from the 9th to the 12th cent., the Mari were then conquered (1236) by the Golden Horde.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:MariEl&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (237 words)

	Mari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mari is an autonomous republic in the Russian Federation.
		The language in Mari is Volga-Finnic, a branch of the Finno-Ugric of the Uralic family of languages.
		The Mari language was eliminated from the school and the culture suffered from mass collectivisation.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=38 (423 words)

	Tenacity in religion, myth, and folklore
		In Amézqueta, Txindokiko Marie is 'the Mari (or Mistress) of Txindoki'.
		Mari's symbol is the sickle, especially the sickle of fire, as which she appears crossing the sky (in Atáun, Cegama, and Zuazo de Gamboa).
		[17] Mari is related to the moon: in Azcoita she was seen as a woman whose head is encircled by the full moon; in Escoriaza, she appeared in the figure of the full moon emitting flames.
	www.evertype.com /misc/basque-jies/basque-jies.html (5343 words)

	Hunting in Russian province
		Yoshkar - Ola is the capital Mari El, is to the north of Kazan and is connected to such large cities as Moscow, Kazan, Nizhni Novgorod by automobile, railway and air types of transport.
		Mari El is a little away from the large roads, that enables the numerous visitors of republic, to whose services the good hotels are submitted, temporarily to forget about businesse and to have a rest from vanity.
		Practically all the territory of Mari El is covered by innocent, untouched wood, the abundance of forest lakes and little rivers makes it even less passable, and only in the west of republic the taiga wood is replaced by copses.
	12rus.ru /hunt/english.html (376 words)

	Kommersant - Russia's Daily Online
		Republic of Mari El The Mari El Republic is situated in the basin of the middle Volga River.
		The Capital of Mari El is Yoshkar-Ola, ist distance from Moscow is 825 km.
		The Republic of Mari El is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain in the central Volga River basin.
	www.kommersant.com /tree.asp?rubric=5&node=446&doc_id=-103 (1788 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Mari El (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mari El, autonomous republic, central Russia, located in the Volga region, and bounded on the south by the River Volga, on the west by Nizhni Novgorod...
		El was a creator god and husband of the Mother of the Gods, Asherah.
		El Salvador, republic in north-eastern Central America, bounded on the north and east by Honduras, on the extreme south-east by the Gulf of Fonseca,...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Mari_El.html (115 words)

	Mari El
		Mari El Autonomous republic of the Russian Federation; area 23,200 sq km/8,950 sq mi; population (1990) 754,000 (47% Russian, 43% ethnic Mari).
		The Mari, or Cheremys, who speak a Finno-Ugric language, were conquered by Russia in 1552.
		Mari was made an autonomous region in 1920 and became an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union in 1936;; its name was changed to Mari El in 1992.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0002228.html (187 words)

	Virginia Encyclopaedia :: Virginia :: Newspaper
		In 1996 he was nominated as a candidate for election of President of the Mari El republic and got 126,000 votes.
		Mari El: 20 babies are born daily in the Republic.
		The Public Prosecutors' Office in Mari El has found the criminals in 89% of the murder cases.
	www.virginia.ru /newspaper/article.cgi?news&92 (554 words)

	Mari El -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Mari is their own name for themselves; Cheremis was the name applied to them by Westerners and...
		The three major dialects of Mari are the Meadow dialect, spoken in Mari El and north of the Volga River; the Mountain (Hill) dialect, spoken mostly south of the Volga, between the Volga and Sura rivers (Chuvashiya republic); and the Eastern dialect, spoken...
		Mari El's three main dialects are the Meadow dialect, used by the largest group north of...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9050879 (765 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Window on Eurasia: Russian Nationalist Skinheads Attack Mari Cultural Figures
		Mari opposition groups say that several of the skinheads involved had told them that Mari El officials had asked the notorious Russian National Unity (RNE) organization to carry out the attacks and promised them both immunity and rewards for doing so (Press release from the Information Center of Finno-Ugric Peoples, May 31).
		According to the Mari opposition, the skinheads -- who number some 2,000 in Yoshkar-Ola alone according to “Izvestiyia Mari El” in its May 20-26 issue, added Markelov’s right-hand man, Andrei Tsaregorodtsev, had promised to give the RNE a plot of land on which the group could organize a base for its future activities.
		Yesterday’s declaration by the Mari El parliament leaders, however, condemned that international action in the broadest possible terms, arguing that it represented “a crude interference in the economic, social-political and cultural life” of the Republic of Mari El.
	www.fsumonitor.com /stories/060105Russ3.shtml (774 words)

	RNW: The Rivers Series
		The Mari have had an autonomous republic, Mari-el, since 1920, but half of the Mari live outside of the republic, which has a population of roughly 800 thousand.
		The literary language suffered a severe blow when the Mari intelligentia were decimated under Stalin in the 1930's, but in recent years a rebirth of interest has occurred, in spite of the pressures of urban and global culture.
		The meadow Mari on the left bank and the hill Mari on the right bank of the Volga are now separated by the huge reservoir of the Cheboksary electric station, which has also flooded many villages.
	www2.rnw.nl /rnw/en/features/cultureandhistory/mari030212.html (526 words)

	Russia - The Republic of Mari El - RussiaTrek.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Population: The population of Mari is approximately 750,000.
		Languages: The language in Mari is Volga-Finnic, a branch of the Finno-Ugric of the Uralic family of languages.
		Organisations: The Mari are represented by Mari Ushem, the National Movement, in order to seek support for the preservation and development of its national culture and identity.
	www.russiatrek.com /rp_mariel.shtml (331 words)

	Mari: Extraordinary Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The deputies of the congress were not allowed into Centre as it used to be done by the authorities during the meeting with the "oppositional" candidates to the post of the president of the Mari El Republic.
		Despite all hindrances and longstops of law-enforcement authorities of the Mari El Republic in front of Recreation Centre, people called bluff and were steadfast in their points of view.
		The law-enforcement authorities of the Mari El Republic tried to wrest from grasp of the congress participants the resolutions of the congress, the resorts to the president of the Russian Federation V. Putin, to Finno-Ugric people, to the United Nations and this led to undesirable for the deputies excesses with militiamen.
	www.unpo.org /news_detail.php?arg=38&par=1774 (437 words)

	[ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Increasing international attention to and condemnation of human rights abuses in Mari El, a Finno-Ugric republic in Russia's middle Volga region, has infuriated Russian commentators, three of whom have suggested that this focus is part of a broader plot to destabilize Russia, overthrow Russian President Vladimir Putin, and seize control of Russia's nuclear weapons.
		As he has in other articles, Yeliseyev answered in the negative, arguing that the Mari El issue and the involvement of Europeans in it reflects "a crisis of Russian statehood" which he says is just as clearly in evidence in foreign as in domestic affairs.
		And so, working together, these enemies hope either to bring to power a new regime in Mari El that will be less interested in defending Russia's military interests or to destabilize the situation to the point that the international community might decide that UN "blue helmets" would have to be introduced.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2005/05/5-NOT/not-170505.asp?po=y (1404 words)

	Art - The Baltic Times- NEWS FROM ESTONIA,LATVIA AND LITHUANIA
		Their visit was connected to the opening of the Mari art and book exhibition in the embassy’s art gallery.
		There are 130 periodicals in Mari El, 11 of them are subsidized by the state and 9 are in Mari.
		Russian officials have claimed that all attacks against Mari journalists and cultural individuals in the past were acts of hooliganism and had nothing to do with national identity or those persons’ professional activities.
	www.baltictimes.com /art.php?art_id=13000 (908 words)

	Mari El on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		El otro mundo de Mari De Pedro: La abogada y artista puertorriquena y sus historias pintadas
		Leonel Brizola (Archivo) Leonel Brizola, lÃder histÃ³rico del Partido DemocrÃ¡tico BrasileÃ±o, en el funeral del cacique Mari.
		Malika El Alami (G) portant un masque prÃ©sente son compatriote M. Bennaghmouch, samedi dans un restaurant de Valence La Ma.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/MariE1l.asp (772 words)

	Information on Russian dating scam
		Yes, there is a criminal organization in Mari El behind the Russian scam.
		Just like Mari El is the scam center of Russia, Lugansk is the scam center of Ukraine.
		They barely ever try to register here, while Mari El girls are like roaches: you kick them out through the door, they climb back through the window.
	www.datingnmore.com /fraud/scam_database1.htm (1085 words)

	Mari People-Victims of Political Revenge: The New Mari-El thread - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The original thread was ran to the ground by what essentially was the internet equivalent of three KGB agents in fl suits and aviator sunglasses turning up at your door, with odd looking bulges in their jackets, and with warnings not to stick your nose in other people's affairs and to keep quiet.
		Let's not forget that the Mari are a minority in their country, which is why the president Leonid Merkelov, accused of human rights violations against the Mari, was re-elected.
		The Mari, or Cheremis, who are related to the Finns, were largely opposed to the re-election of President Leonid Markelov in the elections in December.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=193060 (1435 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Mari minority in Russia are facing a steady erosion of their cultural rights, a group of human rights campaigners have said in a protest statement.
		The Mari number about three-quarters of a million, and about 43 percent of them live in Mari El, a formally autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.
		The Mari people have been given autonomy status by the Russian Constitution but the authorities have not implemented it in practice, Paasio said.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/print.asp?idnews=27587 (585 words)

	Christian Century: In sacred groves - paganism in Russia
		Though paganism in Mari El is primarily a rural phenomenon, it has supporters in the towns and cities and is producing a growing literature.
		In '93, Mari El, which previously had belonged to the Kazan diocese, became the 100th diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.
		As in Mari El, communist persecution had all but eliminated the Orthodox Church, which had first arrived in the region at the end of the 18th century.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1058/is_28_117/ai_66680473 (1486 words)

	Mari-el Russia Holidays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In summer and in autumn the Mari's used to celebrate Yur Kumantym (The Prayers for the Rain), Surem (The Banishment of Demons), etc..
		As the Mari's couldn’t see any way out of the misery and poverty they set their hopes on the other world.
		Mari culture has always been rich in various pagan and Christian traditions and ceremonies.
	www.global7russia.com /russia/russian-holidays/mari-el (790 words)

	The History of the Mari Republic Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1437-1552 the Mari land was under the control of the Tatar Khanate.
		Since the formation of the Mari Autonomous Region in 1920 (in 1936 it was transformed into the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) a lot has been done to build up the national economy and to develop Mari science and culture.
		Today Mari El is a sovereign republic developing economic, political, scientific and cultural ties with other republics of Russia and foreign countries.
	www.global7network.com /russia/yoshkar-ola/mari-el (919 words)

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