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	Marian
		The three older types of heavy infantry were replaced by a single, standard type of Legionary based on the Principes.
		During these reforms, the Legions were also organized into permanent cohorts for the first time.
		Prior to this cohorts had been temporary administrative units or tactical task forces of several maniples.
	dba.spearhead1944.com /Marian/Marian.htm (780 words)

	Marian reforms - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of military reforms initiated by Gaius Marius, a statesman and general of the Roman republic.
		The foremost of the Marian reforms was the inclusion of Roman landless mass, the "capite censi" or "head count", among the ranks of those who could be recruited.
		One aspect of the Marian reforms that became apparent with the benefit of hindsight was that the loyalty of the legions tended to shift away from the Roman state, i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marian_reforms (1478 words)

	Marian reforms - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of reforms proposed by a Roman republic statesman and army general named Gaius Marius.
		Before the Marian reforms, many men who wanted to join the Roman army were unable to do so due to land ownership prerequisites, which in turn limited the size of the Roman army.
		These reforms were instrumental in the growth and success of the Roman military machine and in consequence, the continued success of the Roman Empire, but plebs grew in importance and demanded representation in the Senate, so it was an important step to the Roman Republican civil wars.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Marian_reforms (424 words)

	Marians of the Immaculate Conception
		The Marians' beginnings are interwoven with a period of Polish history best illustrated by the images of burning buildings, the clash of weapons, and thousands of war casualties.
		The Marians began to be clearly recognized as an Order which honored the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary and prayed for the Holy Souls in Purgatory.
		The partitioning of the Polish Republic was decreed by the occupying armies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
	www.marian.org /marians/history/index.html (3212 words)

	Hon Marian Hobbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Marian served on boards of regional playcentres, various national education committees and was a member of Canterbury University Council from 1994-96.
		Marian was first a member of the Labour Party in the early 70's but left when she and husband, Walter, established the Chippenham commune in urban Christchurch.
		Marian flirted with the Communist Party in the late 70's but the watershed in her political and social development was the 1981 South African Springbok rugby tour.
	www.executive.govt.nz /minister/hobbs/index.html (449 words)

	Military establishment of the Roman Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To serve in the armies of Rome, one had to purchase one's own equipment, and soldiers were sorted into different classes according to wealth, with Velites comprising the lowest class and Equites(light cavalry) making up one of the highest classes, due to the cost of raising and maintaining a horse.
		A standard Republican legion before the reforms of Marius (“the early Republic”) contained about 4500 men divided into the velites, the principes, and the hastati — of 1200 men each — also the triarii, of 600 men, and the equites, of 300 men.
		The reforms also meant that legions were now more-or-less permanent formations, not just temporary armies deployed according to need (the Latin word 'legio' is actually their word for 'levy').
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_establishment_of_the_Roman_Republic (2692 words)

	Roman legion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The size of a typical legion varied widely throughout the history of ancient Rome, with complements ranging from 5000-6000 men in the republican period of Rome, to the fairly standard number of around 5,400 in the early and middle imperial period and finally to on average 1000-2000 men in the very late imperial period.
		Following the Marian reforms of the 2nd century BC, the legions took on the second, narrower meaning that is familiar in the popular imagination as close-order citizen heavy infantry.
		At the end of the 2nd century BC Marius reformed the previously ephemeral legions as a professional force drawing from the poorest classes, enabling Rome to field larger armies and providing employment for jobless citizens of the city of Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Legion (5250 words)

	Ancient Roman Military - Crystalinks
		Additional forces could be drafted under ad hoc commanders termed proconsules, who served "in place of consuls." In the later republic, the relatively small number of legions commanded by the consuls (2-4) resulted in their power being overshadowed by the proconsuls, the provincial governors.
		A standard Republican legion before the reforms of Marius (the early Republic) contained about 5000 men divided into the velites, the principes, and the hastati, of 1200 men each, the triarii, of 600 men, and the equites, of 800 men.
		This is what made the civil wars possible, and it is why scholars often cite the Marian Reforms as the beginning of the end for the Roman Republic.
	www.crystalinks.com /romemilitary.html (4616 words)

	Marian Hegemony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The heir to the throne of the Marian Hegemony arrived on Lordinax in June of 3060.
		That only auxiliaries and the Second Cohort of the Third Marian Legion was left behind to garrison the League was of little concern to Julius-had Elena Logan reneged on her agreement, Julius would have simply returned to Lordinax and leveled every building.
		The Imperator is the Caesar's right-hand and commands the entirety of the Marian military.
	www.evilnet.net /~stryker/Classic_Battletech/Marians.html (5390 words)

	The Roman Soldier
		During the early and middle republic, Roman soldiers were led by elected magistrates (one of the duties of a consul was to lead Roman armies in the field).
		Every year, at the end of the campaigning season, the legions were disbanded, and had to be reformed with new officers for the next campaigning season.
		One effect of the Marian reforms was political.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/soldier.htm (1784 words)

	TCS Daily - The 18 Percent Solution
		Much of the world's media portrayed the victory of the socialist party SMER in the Slovak elections on Saturday as the voters' rejection of the free market reforms pursued by the current center-right government.
		If he goes into a coalition with the center-right, the continuity of the liberal reforms will be assured.
		Marian L. Tupy is assistant director of the Project on Global Economic Liberty at the Cato Institute.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=062006G (735 words)

	Gaius Marius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		These land reforms would limit the lands held by the large farm-owners, mostly the aristocracy, and redistribute the land among the urban poor.
		The aristocracy, whose lands were being taken from them by these reforms, could not stand for the Gracchi brothers' methods of bringing the vote straight to the council of the plebeians for it threatened the collegiality key to their oligarchic government.
		Some of their reforms were implemented, but they didn't solve the growing problem of a decreasing pool of landowners eligible for military service and an increasing urban poor.
	faculty.vassar.edu /jolott/old_courses/republic1998/marius (505 words)

	The Late Republican Roman Army
		The Roman army of the late republic is often connected to the socalled Marian army reforms.
		In fact radical reforms of the army structure were few.
		The role of the consules as the primary commanders of Rome's legions diminished, finally being ended by the Sullan reforms of the constitution.
	members.tripod.com /~S_van_Dorst/reparmy2.html (1654 words)

	PM - Goward calls for change to work-life balance
		Industrial relations reform, if it's intended to make the economy more productive, more competitive, it also is intended to make it more sustainable, and at the same time governments are responsible for ensuring that family values are retained, that family life remains a stable and secure place for children and elderly people, and for couples.
		JULIA LIMB: But Dr Marian Baird, who is a senior lecturer in work and organisational studies at the University of Sydney, says that it's the workplace that must be more flexible, not just the workers, particularly as the Federal Government is planning extensive reforms.
		MARIAN BAIRD: Employers do need to understand that workers have a home life, and I'm sure many do, and they need to understand that flexibility needs to work both ways.
	www.abc.net.au /pm/content/2005/s1398321.htm (733 words)

	Marian L. Tupy
		Marian L. Tupy is a policy analyst with the Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity specializing in the study of the political economy of Europe and sub-Saharan Africa.
		Marian Tupy discusses aid to Africa on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer July 8, 2005.
		Marian Tupy discusses the G8 summit and aid to Africa on CNN July 3, 2005.
	www.cato.org /people/tupy.html (576 words)

	Marian Roman (DBA II/49)
		It was still based on the Roman legion, but had abandoned the maniple as the basic tactical unit and formation into three battle lines (hastati, principes, and triarii) including the quincux (checkboard formation) in favor of in ten large cohorts, which generally fought in a solid lines of battle.
		The Marian list, however, properly starts with the devastating Roman defeat at Arausio in 105 BC to the Cimbri and Teutones, which exposed the Eternal City to the threat of marauding Gauls.
		Marian (or Caesarian or Augustan) Romans are probably one of the most prolific subjects for ancient miniatures.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/II49.html (2522 words)

	Marius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		There are several reforms in military practice and procedure which have been attributed to Marius.
		Many of these reforms were not immediate changes that can be pinned to a single date, but rather processes set into motion by Marius' predecessors which came to fruition when Marius implemented the changes within his army.
		Marius' two major reforms which can be classified as such processes were the structural changes made to the cohorts and the change in the land requirement previously necessary for service.
	faculty.vassar.edu /jolott/old_courses/republic1998/marius/reform.htm (511 words)

	Thinking of the Laity in Late Tudor England Anglican Theological Review - Find Articles
		The instability of Elizabeth's settlement was felt among the laity also and contributed to the uneven appropriation of reform where many commoners entertained the unexpressed hope for a return to the settled patterns of Catholicism.
		In the history of the early modern period, the "human interest" dimension is often overlooked, giving a sense that the Reformation in England was the exclusive domain of the monarchy, or the ecclesiastical and academic elite.
		Kaufman's work demonstrates that the laity (so-called) lived out their lives not in a social or theological shadow, but as men and women who grappled with the implications of a new gospel (as it were) and a newfound independence from traditional ecclesiastical authority.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3818/is_200510/ai_n15745303 (727 words)

	> congregation of marian fathers
		The first Marian monastery was established in the early autumn of 1673.
		The Marians began to be clearly recognized as an Order which honored the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary and prayed for the Holy Souls in Purgatory.
		Marian apostolates at the present time serve Christ and the Church on nearly all the world's continents, faithfully ministering in the Renovator's spirit, according to his motto: "For Christ and the Church."
	www.marians-uk.org /eng/marians.htm (532 words)

	Saturdays and the Immaculate Heart
		Pope Urban II (1088-1099) admonished the faithful to pray the liturgy of the hours in honor of the most holy Virgin for the crusaders.
		In the centuries to follow, the Marian Saturdays were expressed in several local devotions.
		Kathryn Mulderink is a home schooling mother of seven, a Consecrated Marian Catechist, a member of the Catholic Writer's Association, the Blue Army, and is a Secular Discalced Carmelite.
	www.mariancatechist.com /html/spiritualdevelopment/blessedvirginmary/saturdaysandtheimmaculateheart.htm (1903 words)

	[No title]
		Beginning with the military reforms of Augustus, the author proceeds to examine the strength and organization of the Roman auxiliary regiments as well as their recruits and distribution throughout the empire.
		The main purpose of the book is to examine the internal organization of the legions, the areas from which they drew their recruits, and the conditions under which their soldiers served and were discharged.
		The work is a manual for reforming not just the Roman army but also finance, currency, provincial administration and the law in the era following the reign of Constantine the Great but prior to the defeat at Hadrianople (378 AD).
	home.att.net /~order.arespublishers/WARFARE.html (1795 words)

	info: Marian_reforms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		By the 1st century BC the threat of the legions under a demagogue was...
		Marian Reforms: Caius Marius is a more noteworthy figure in history from his rugged, uncouth personality and...
		After the Marian reforms, being a soldier was a profession but by that time...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Marian_reforms.html (359 words)

	Dux Bellorum Australis Marian Roman Army Page
		As I like to conscript at least one matching army, the first opponent for the Marian Romans is the slave revolt army raised by Spartacus.
		Marius did away with the property qualification for serving in the army and opened enlistment to the urban proletariat.
		Other reforms included the arming of all legionaires with the pilum, thus doing away with the three distinct heavy troop elements of the Roman Legion (Hastati, Principes and Triarii).
	www-personal.une.edu.au /~gkellehe/marian_roman_army.html (303 words)

	Marians of the Immaculate Conception: Heritage
		The image was bequeathed by the Founder to the Marian monastery at Gozlin, Poland, when it was established in 1699.
		Watercolor of a Marian Religious, dressed in white habit, from 1848.
		Today the Congregation of the Marians is organized in seven provinces with 80 locations engaged in God's work.
	www.padrimariani.org /en/heritage/heritage.html (3427 words)

	Prezidenta kancelejas mājas lapa
		She said that reforms are investments in the country’s future.
		Marian Lupa was pleased with the prolific co-operation project among Latvia, Sweden and Moldova where Moldova is taking over the experience of harmonizing legislation.
		Marian Lupu thanked Latvia for understanding of the situation in eastern Dnestr region and supporting the territorial integrity of Moldova.
	www.president.lv /pk/preview/?module=print_content&module_name=content&cat_id=605&art_id=9388&lng=en (203 words)

	HIST 329C DR 4/93 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tiberius was the elder and Gaius the younger, sons of a wealthy aristocratic family which had taken the side of progressive reform.
		Because of the controversial nature of their reforms and because they had resorted to questionable means to achieve passage of their legislation, they were both assassinated (ten years apart) by political opponents.
		Notice that the response identifies the individuals as to office, time, and place, indicates their central role in the government, the unusual aspect of their death, and the significance to Roman history in the wider sense.
	www.ohiou.edu /independent/desc_sht/hist329ccce.htm (941 words)

	Roman legion
		However, at the end of the 2nd century BC Marius reformed the legions to be a professional force drawing from the poorest classes, enabling Rome to field larger armies and providing employment for jobless citizens.
		The heavy infantry was subdivided, according to the legionaries' experience in the Republican Legion prior to the Marian reforms, which abolished the separate classes of troops turning the legion into a professional force, into three separate lines:
		Under the Marian (named after Gaius Marius) reforms, the three different types of heavy infantry were replaced by a single, standard type of Legionary based on the Principes.
	www.soldiers-russia.com /kolobob/terms/roman_legion.htm (3652 words)

	Marian Chiriac: ZoomInfo Business People Information
		Market-oriented reforms, minority rights and reconciliation with Hungary could all be threatened by nationalism being stoked by nationalist media.
		When in late July Romania's Foreign Minister Andrei Plesu and his Hungarian counterpart Janos Martonyi agreed to build a historical reconciliation park in the Transylvanian town of Arad, their initiative was seen as a symbolic gesture, designed to illustrate how relations between their two peoples have improved in recent years.
		Marian Chiriac is news editor of the MediaFax News Agency in Bucharest and editor of Foreign Policy, a quarterly published by the Romanian Academic Society.
	www.zoominfo.com /people/Chiriac_Marian_50254903.aspx (301 words)

	Sun.Star Iloilo - Iloilo Marian groups abhor 'sex-bomb' culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		THE Marian Associations, Movements, and Organizations (Mamo) of the Archdiocese of Jaro expressed abhorrence to what they call a "sex-bomb" culture now permeating the Filipinos' consciousness.
		The observance of the Eucharistic and Marian year will run until Dec. 8, 2005 and is in accordance with the call of Pope John Paul II and Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) for such commemoration.
		The observance of the Marian year was also initiated by the CBCP to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the declaration of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/ilo/2004/08/18/news/iloilo.marian.groups.abhor.sex.bomb.culture.html (454 words)

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