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Topic: Mariculture

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		Mariculture production worldwide is growing at the rate of about 5 to 7 per cent annually.
		Based on the work of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Mariculture and SBSTTA 8 (recommendation VIII/3), the seventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties in decision VII/5 recommended that Parties adopt the use of specific methods and practices for avoiding adverse biodiversity-related effects.
		Mariculture is also an element of the elaborated programme of work on marine and coastal biological diversity, which is contained in the Annex of decision VII/5 on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity.
	www.biodiv.org /programmes/areas/marine/mariculture.asp (270 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mariculture
		Mariculture is the cultivation of marine organisms for food, either in their "natural environment" or in seawater in ponds or raceways.
		Mariculture is the farming and husbandry of marine plants and animals in brackishwater or marine environments.
		While mariculture output is still dwarfed by the tonnage of farmed freshwater organisms, it is growing explosively and its practices have important implications for marine biodiversity, especially in light of a trend toward the culture of high-value carnivorous species.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mariculture (435 words)

	Draft Mariculture Policy and Regulations
		Sustainable mariculture can only be achieved through the coordination of functions of the relevant government agencies, and close collaboration with mariculture operatives and their communities.
		The development of mariculture in Jamaica had its beginnings in the 1977 Oyster Culture Project which was a joint effort of the Ministry of Agriculture and the UWI Department of Zoology.
		Institutionally, mariculture is under the purview of the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture.
	www.nrca.org /policies/draft/mariculture.htm (5498 words)

	BCZ Encyclopedia - Mariculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Mariculture is the cultivation of marine organisms in their natural environment.
		Mariculture also includes the growing of marine organisms in seawater but not in their natural environments.
		Mariculture should not be limited to food production only.
	encyclopedia.bcz.com /en/Mariculture (111 words)

	Draft Mariculture Policy and Regulations
		At present mariculture operations are not extensive and so the opportunity exists to address a number of issues which will eventually be of national significance as this sector expands.
		Mariculture will be carried out mainly using local species, but may under controlled circumstances include the large scale introduction of species, particularly where organisms are cultured for overseas markets.
		The main environmental threats from mariculture relate to the release of nutrient rich waters and sediments, as well as the release of larvae in return water from tank mariculture.
	www.nepa.gov.jm /policies/draft/mariculture.htm (5498 words)

	Mariculture: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Mariculture Mariculture Mariculture is the cultivation of marine organisms in...environment.
		Mariculture also includes the growing of marine organisms in seawater but not...
		This mariculture process was first developed by the Japanese.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ma/Mariculture.html (339 words)

	Alabama Mariculture
		The terms mariculture and aquaculture are often used interchangeably, but they actually have different meanings.
		Culture operations in mariculture can be extensive, semi-intensive, or intensive, representing a respective increase in control over and inputs to the culture by the producer.
		Finfish mariculture is also an important segment of this growing industry.
	www.aquanic.org /publicat/state/al/Alabama_mariculture.htm (2219 words)

	Anti Essays : : Mariculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Mariculture, or aquaculture, refers to the rearing of the aquatic organisms under controlled or semicontrolled conditions.
		Mariculture is a myriad of possibilities that involve organisms and the seas.
		Mariculture had been proposed as a means of supplementing natural marine and freshwater productivity, and has actually increased to the point where it may account for nearly 15% of the plants and animals harvested from water.
	www.antiessays.com /print.php?eid=1295 (1781 words)

	Mariculture
		Mariculture is simply cultivation of marine flora and fauna and has been practiced for thousands of years, however, as a result of the strain on wild stocks, we're seeing mariculture rapidly develop into a modern and dynamic division of the food sector.
		The strategy chosen for mariculture research in the UK has drawn on the talents and resources available, which led to a very "hands-on" and "high-tech" approach to cultivation.
		Mariculture is rejuvenating many of the world's peripheral regions and coastal communities and it's a positive and exciting profession.
	www.studyoverseas.com /uk/uked/mariculturenafc.htm (823 words)

	Mariculture Summary
		Mariculture is the cultivation and harvest of marine flora and fauna in a controlled saltwater environment.
		Mariculture is the cultivation of marine organisms for food, either in their "natural environment", or in seawater in ponds or raceways.
		Mariculture is not limited to food production only, products such as cultured pearls are considered mariculture as well.
	www.bookrags.com /Mariculture (1812 words)

	MARICULTURE AS A METHOD OF USING COASTAL ZONES
		The three methods of mariculture extensive, semi-intensive and intensive are described and it is recommended that in the initial stages it is preferable to commence with the extensive system and then to progressively move into semi-intensive and then finally into intensive methods.
		Mariculture activity is new to East African Coast and realising that the potential exists along most parts of the East African Coast this paper examines in detail the possibilities of aquaculture and results of recent biological surveys with particular reference to Kenya Coast.
		Mariculture in earth ponds is limited to the intertidal zone and generally to areas where the water depth is not more than a meter at spring tides.
	www.fao.org /docrep/field/003/AC583E/AC583E00.htm (3072 words)

	NREL: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion - Deep-Water-Supported Mariculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		In addition, deep-drawn cold water can be mixed with warm surface water, allowing local communities to culture a broad variety of species.
		Such integration of operations would mitigate the large seawater pumping cost associated with mariculture and increase the revenue for the OTEC plant.
		Mariculture facilities are best suited for land-based or near-shore plants rather than for offshore OTEC plants.
	www.nrel.gov /otec/mariculture.html (228 words)

	MariCulture Systems - Aquaculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Mariculture System's market analysis has found that the world's oceans have been fished nearly to the limits of their sustainable yields.
		At the same time, US Bureau of Census data, published in December of 1998, predicts that World population will continue to grow and is anticipated to reach 6.8 billion people by 2010, an increase of 1 billion people from 1997.
		K.J. Rana of FAO states, "It is widely acknowledged that fish supplies from traditional marine and inland capture fisheries are unlikely to increase substantially and that the projected shortfalls in fish supply will probably be met mainly from expansion within the aquaculture sector.
	www.sargo.net /aquaculture.htm (1787 words)

	Alabama Mariculture
		The terms mariculture and aquaculture are often used interchangeably, but they actually have different meanings.
		In many cases, mariculture species have more complicated life histories including salinity requirements that vary with different life stages.
		Culture operations in mariculture can be extensive, semi-intensive, or intensive, representing a respective increase in control over and inputs to the culture by the producer.
	aquanic.org /publicat/state/al/Alabama_mariculture.htm (2219 words)

	Is Mariculture the Remedy to Problems of Coral Reefs of Coastal Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Mariculture as a solution to coastal zone problems may give rise to its own problems.
		This is the mariculture in developed countries of tropical organisms originating in developing countries.
		When mariculture of a tropical reef species is moved to a developed country, then the country of origin loses the community- and national-level benefits it once derived.
	www.spc.int /coastfish/news/LRF/5/9Maricu.htm (1137 words)

	Impacts of intensive mariculture on coastal ecosystem and environment in China and suggested sustainable management ...
		When the texture of seabed is changed, the population of organisms living on or in the mariculture seabed will consequently change, and then the benthos ecosystem will change going with the accumulation of the bio-sediment on the seabed year by year.
		Though it is not known whether such heavy mortalities are caused by the turbidity of seawater, or by disease, it is recognised that the accumulation of bio-sediment on the intensive mariculture seabed is harmful to the ecosystem, the environment, and mariculture.
		Paying great attention to study the impact of mariculture on ecosystem and environment, the interaction between mariculture and environment, the relationship between the intensive mariculture in coastal zone and the variation of marine fisheries resources, etc.
	www.aquachallenge.org /abstracts/tang.html (1212 words)

	Impacts of intensive mariculture on coastal ecosystem and environment in China and suggested sustainable management ...
		When the texture of seabed is changed, the population of organisms living on or in the mariculture seabed will consequently change, and then the benthos ecosystem will change going with the accumulation of the bio-sediment on the seabed year by year.
		Though it is not known whether such heavy mortalities are caused by the turbidity of seawater, or by disease, it is recognised that the accumulation of bio-sediment on the intensive mariculture seabed is harmful to the ecosystem, the environment, and mariculture.
		Paying great attention to study the impact of mariculture on ecosystem and environment, the interaction between mariculture and environment, the relationship between the intensive mariculture in coastal zone and the variation of marine fisheries resources, etc.
	www.imbc.gr /imbc/biblio_serv/aquachallenge/tang.html (1212 words)

	Threats to habitats: aquaculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Worldwide, mariculture is growing at the rate of about five to seven percent annually.
		However, mariculture on an industrial scale may pose several threats to marine and coastal biological diversity and their associated habitats.
		Mariculture may pose additional threats through excess nutrients and antibiotics in mariculture wastes, accidental releases of exotic species or genotypes, transmission of diseases to wild stocks, and displacement of local and indigenous species.
	www.oceansatlas.com /unatlas/uses/uneptextsph/settleph/2560aquap.html (183 words)

	Graduate Mariculture
		The Mariculture faculty seeks to prepare graduates with the necessary skills for positions in both the public and private sectors of the mariculture field.
		The program is designed to provide students with academic range and depth in biology, mariculture, and business, as well as practical hands-on training at research centers or commercial farms for development of mariculture skills.
		The M.S. in Mariculture degree requires 20 semester hours of biology and mariculture courses; 6 semester hours of support (business) courses; 10 semester hours each for the internship or research options with one of those semester hours required for the oral exam and seminar.
	www.tamucc.edu /catalog/archives/Catalog99/graduate/gmari.htm (551 words)

	Sun.Star Davao - 31 mariculture parks to boost fish production
		Mariculture parks are integrated pond systems that make it possible for small fishers to breed high-value marine species in submersible cages.
		The 200-hectare Samal Island mariculture park in Davao del Norte was the first to be established by BFAR in 2001.
		Mariculture parks have also been put up in La Union, Zambales, Bataan and Negros Occidental, among other provinces.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/dav/2006/09/24/bus/31.mariculture.parks.to.boost.fish.production.html (452 words)

	Mariculture and fishing in the Turks and Caicos Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Mariculture and fishing in the Turks and Caicos Islands
		Chuck Hesse, Director of Tradewind Industries Ltd established a conch farm in TCI in 1984 to produce juvenile queen conch for re-sale and for stock restoration.
		The TCI Government is committed to seeing the islands used to enhance the living standards of Belongers by providing crown land for commercial and residential development.
	www.tcinvest.tc /mariculture.htm (796 words)

	AMSA - Careers in Marine Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Mariculture is the commercial farming of marine organisms.
		Farm management involves the implementation of mariculture technology, which includes methods for controlling the grow-out conditions of the targeted species, the preparation and/or preservation of the products, and their delivery in good condition to consumers.
		Mariculture is an expanding industry in Australia and recent graduates are employed in farm management, business management, environmental planning, and biological and ecological research.
	www.amsa.asn.au /pubs/CIMS/mariculture.html (383 words)

	Cayman Turtle Farm - Scientific Papers - Coccidiosis in the Green Sea Turtle in Mariculture
		The severity of coccidial infections, therefore, depends ultimately on the number of sporulatad oocysts which are ingested and the state of resistance of the host animal.
		The occurrence of an epidemic of coccidiosis at Mariculture, Ltd. appeared to be unprecedented in the history of the farm.
		The parasite may have been introduced as a new agent of disease in the spring of 1973, either in eggs or sand brought from Ascension Island or Surinam or from some other source, or it may have been endemic and undetected at the farm until circumstances permitted it to increase to epidemic numbers.
	www.turtle.ky /scientific/coccidiosis.htm (1423 words)

	Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research
		Studies carried out at NCM provide the infrastructure for the development of mariculture in Israel as a novel agricultural branch utilizing marine and brackish water and for the establishment of associated biotechnological industries.
		The NCM Library holds books, scientific journals and professional publications fields of mariculture and marine biology and is open to the public.
		To date, NCM expertise has helped establish fish hatcheries in Eilat and on the Mediterranean coast, fish cage farms in the Gulf of Eilat, an abalone farm on the Mediterranean coast, and experimental fish ponds in Eilat and on the Mediterranean coast.
	www.ocean.org.il /Eng/ResearchInstitutesAndInfrastructure/NationalCenterToSeaAgriculture.asp (475 words)

	Selected Projects : Biodiversity Effects of Mariculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		This Review Paper was written as a background document for the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Mariculture, established by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
		The paper will help the expert group to evaluate the state of scientific and technical knowledge on the effects of mariculture on marine and coastal biodiversity, and provide guidance on criteria, methods and techniques that avoid the adverse effects of mariculture and stock enhancement on marine and coastal biological diversity.
		It discusses the main mariculture species and methods; their biodiversity effects; avoiding adverse effects; and mariculture criteria related to biodiversity.
	www.worldfish.org /proj_globe_4.htm (225 words)

	Offshore Mariculture 2006
		Mariculture 2006 will give an international review of developments in this new industry and relate them to the conditions experienced in European Waters.
		Increasing recognition of the importance of the maritime environment necessitates that mariculture development must be such that interaction between the physical elements of the water column and fish enclosures must be as positive as scientific awareness allows.
		Malta has a long history of mariculture activities involving an international expert, Professor Carmelo Agius, who is supporting the event and arranging the fish farms visits.
	www.offshoremariculture.com (350 words)

	Alaska Office of Economic Development
		Additionally, mariculture operations are prohibited within a certain distance of seal and sea lion haulouts, anadromous fish spawning streams, seabird colonies, and other wildlife areas.
		While the potential for mariculture in the Gulf of Alaska is great, success rates for shellfish farms are not high.
		Running a mariculture business involves hard work in trying conditions and the mariculture entrepreneur should be aware of the labor demand as well as the rewards.
	www.dced.state.ak.us /oed/seafood/mariculture/home.htm (2392 words)

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