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	Pacifica Graduate Institute \| Joseph Campbell & Marija Gimbutas Library \| Marija Gimbutas - Life and Work
		Marija Gimbutas was born in Vilnius, Lithuania in 1921 and came to the United States as a refugee from the Soviet regime in 1949 after earning a Doctor of Philosophy degree in archaeology in 1946 at Tübingen University in Germany.
		In 1963 Marija Gimbutas was invited to teach at the University of California, Los Angeles where she remained as a full professor until her retirement in 1989.
		Marija Gimbutas, who died in Los Angeles on February 2, 1994, will be remembered for her brilliant intellect, warm-hearted generosity and a passionate originality and vision.
	online.pacifica.edu /cgl/Gimbutasbio (1408 words)

	Matriarchies and the goddess figurines: A critical Examination of the Work of Marija Gimbutas.
		Marija Gimbutas has been one of the primary proponents to a matriarchal prehistoric past in the Mediterranean and European interior deemed by her as “Old Europe”;.
		Marija Gimbutas was a Lithuanian born archaeologist, whose primary study was the Balkans, and Eastern European prehistory.
		Gimbutas summarizes the premise of her work in her conclusion (Gimbutas 236 – 238) by stating: “In Old Europe the world of myth was not polarized into female and male as it was among the Indo-European and many other nomadic and pastoral peoples of the steppes.
	www.geocities.com /griffinlady/papers/gender/gimbutas.html (4376 words)

	DeDanaan » Biographical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marija Gimbutas (Vilnius, Lithuania January 23, 1921 â€“ Los Angeles February 2, 1994) researched the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of “Old Europe”;, a term she introduced, in works published between 1946 and 1971, that opened new views by combining traditional spadework, linguistics and mythology.
		Marija Gimbutas arrived in the United States as a refugee from Lithuania in 1949 after earning a PhD in archaeology in 1946 at TÃ¼bingen, though she never forgot her Lithuanian heritage.
		Gimbutas’ forcefully expressed and speculative theories have been extended and embraced by a number of authors in the Neopagan movement, although her conclusions are generally considered highly speculative.
	dedanaan.com /category/biographical (521 words)

	The Virtual Pomegranate
		Marija Gimbutas spent thirteen years at Harvard University as a researcher, producing texts on European archaeology which established her as a world-class scholar on the prehistory of the Slavs, the Balts and the Indo-European Bronze Age (see Polomé and Skomal 1987; Polomé 1997:102-107).
		From 1963 to 1989 Marija Gimbutas taught Baltic and Slavic studies and was Professor of European Archaeology at the University of California, Los Angeles where she was instrumental in establishing the Institute of Archaeology and Indo-European studies.
		Gimbutas saw the Old European cultures as egalitarian, primarily peaceful, with a wealth of artistic expression that reflected a sophisticated veneration of the cycles of life, death, regeneration (which she called Goddess); the transition to androcracy took place after the 5th millennium B.C. Keller and Gimbutas are accused by Hayden of resembling "born again" fundamentalists.
	chass.colostate-pueblo.edu /natrel/pom/old/POM10a2.html (4636 words)

	Belili: Marija Gimbutas Bio
		Marija's mother Veronika was the youngest of nine children -- when Veronika was six months old her father died, and the mother raised the family alone.
		Marija's father Danielius Alseika was a writer, folklorist and a physician.
		Marija can only visit her father and Vilnius by hiding in a horse and wagon to cross the border.
	www.belili.org /marija/bio.html (815 words)

	Interview with Marija Gimbutas
		Marija: Yes, well Lithuania was Christianized only in the fourteenth century and even then it didn't mean much because it was done by missionaries who didn't understand the language, and the countryside remained pagan for at least two or three centuries.
		Marija: My findings suggest that the political life - of course, it's all hypothesis, you cannot reconstruct easily, but we can judge from what remains in later times and what still exists in mythology, because this again reflects the social structure - was structured by the avuncular system.
		Marija: This is a very serious question which archaeologists cannot answer yet, but we can see that the patriarchy was already there around 5,000 B.C for sure and the horse was domesticated not later than that.
	www.levity.com /mavericks/gimbut.htm (5161 words)

	Belili: about Marija Gimbutas
		When Marija Gimbutas died in 1994 she was already considered by many to be one of the most influential and controversial archaeologists of this century.
		Marija followed the trail set in the early 19th century by female archaeologists like Jane Ellen Harrisson and historian Matilda Joslyn Gage -- women who dared to challenge the findings and criteria favored by the "establishment" of their times.
		Gimbutas not only dared to interpret, she maintained that to understand a culture as steeped in the sacred as Neolithic Europe, scientists must consider religion.
	www.belili.org /marija/aboutmarija.html (971 words)

	Goddess History by Marija Gimbutas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gimbutas' believed that one the great events in prehistory was the creation of villages made possible by efficiency of growing crops, thereby relieving humans from the uncertainty and immediacy of being hunter-gatherers.
		Marija Gimbutas' work in explaining the symbols the symbols of Old Europe fell on deaf ears at the infamous 1985 Malta Archaeological Conference, but resonated with thousands of people around the world.
		While Gimbutas was a thorough scholar with encyclopedic knowledge, she also, Marler notes, "had the perception and sensitivity of an artist and poet." These qualities enabled her to see the complex symbolism of Neolithic Europe as an expression of belief in the sacredness of the natural world.
	www.carnaval.com /goddess (2446 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Living Goddesses: Books: Marija Gimbutas,Miriam Robbins Dexter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marija Gimbutas was just ahead of her time and in conflict with the predominantly male powers that be within the Miriam Robbins Dexter, Ph.D.; Riane Eisler, J.D.; James Harrod, Ph.D.; Carol P. Christ; Martin Huld; and Michael Dames to name just a few contributed to the Anthology volume honouring Marija's work.
		Marija's mode of theory arose from her life experiences (and just to find out a bit about the adventures of this extraordinary woman's extraordinary life is one reason to purchase "Living Goddesses") and the time in which she taught.
		Marija Gimbutas, although she would have blushed at the praise, was a visionary genius.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Living-Goddesses-Marija-Gimbutas/dp/0520229150 (2026 words)

	Iconography and Social Structure of Old Europe
		Lithuanian/American archaeologist Marija Gimbutas (1921-1994)[1] was a pioneer in the study of the symbolic imagery of the earliest farming peoples of Europe.
		Gimbutas writes that Old European symbolism is lunar and chthonic, built around the understanding that life on earth is in eternal transformation, in constant and rhythmic change between creation and destruction, birth and death.
		According to Gimbutas, the prevalence of female-centered cosmological imagery and rituals and the absence of signs of male dominance support the interpretation of a mother-kinship system in which mothers and grandmothers were honored and a female ancestor was venerated as progenitor of the lineage (Gimbutas 1991: 342; 1999:113).
	www.second-congress-matriarchal-studies.com /marler.html (3992 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1999.10.05
		The main thesis of this book is one Gimbutas has presented before: beginning around 4,000 BCE the "Kurgans," who Gimbutas describes as a patrilineal, patrilocal, militaristic, and seminomadic group originating in the steppes of Russia, embarked on a series of invasions or migrations across Europe that radically transformed the region's language and material culture.
		Gimbutas was a prolific writer (20 books and hundreds of articles), and many of the topics here have already been discussed in earlier works.
		Gimbutas was one of the first prehistorians to attempt a systematic disentangling of early symbolism, spirituality, and the Mother Goddess in Europe and the Mediterranean.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1999/1999-10-05.html (2076 words)

	MetroActive Books \| Joan Marler
		Gimbutas had the wisdom of a natural philosopher and the aesthetic perception of an artist," notes Marler in the introduction to her In the Realm of the Ancestors.
		Indeed, according to Marler, Gimbutas' most striking research, which began in the late 1960s, showed that the earliest cultures were earth-based, peaceful, and well-developed, with women and men both in key roles, and not patriarchal and warlike, as was commonly believed.
		Gimbutas sought meaning, and, through her interdisciplinary approach, was the first to interpret what those cultures were.
	metroactive.com /papers/sonoma/05.08.97/books2-9719.html (765 words)

	Sound Photosynthesis: MARIJA GIMBUTAS: videotapes audiotapes publications and more (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marija Gimbutas (1921-1994) was Professor of European Archaeology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Curator of Old World Archaeology at what is now the Fowler Museum of Cultural History.
		Marija Gimbutas was Professor of European Archeology at UCLA and Curator of Old World Archeology at UCLA Museum of Cultural History.
		Marija Gimbutas, Ph.D., a preeminent figure in the archeology and mythology of prehistoric Europe, examines the values, imagery and mythology of the Goddess and traces her continuity as it reappears in contemporary awareness.
	www.photosynthesis.com /MARIJA_G.html (291 words)

	Anthropology Review Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gimbutas had great interest in Indo-European studies and she was for many years on the Editorial Committee of The Journal of Indo-European Studies.
		Gimbutas was trained in archaeology in Lithuania and Germany; she received her Ph.
		To Gimbutas, the early Neolithic was a period of goddess religion and an ideal time, dominated by peace and harmony and was contrasted with the late Neolithic where warlike masculine values dominated the society.
	wings.buffalo.edu /ARD/showme.cgi?keycode=147 (1004 words)

	Marija Gimbutas - Signs Out of Time
		Gimbutas refers to the flat face as a "mask," and slight remnants of paint are found on some figures.
		Marija Gimbutas was born in Vilnius, Lithuania in 1921, and maintained a lifelong interest in the culture and customs of her homeland.
		In 1963 Marija Gimbutas was invited to teach at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she remained until her retirement in 1989.
	www.reclaimingquarterly.org /web/gimbutas/gimbutas1.html (1795 words)

	Pacifica Graduate Institute \| Joseph Campbell & Marija Gimbutas Library \| Marija Gimbutas Collection
		Marija Gimbutas, the late Professor Emeritus of Archaeology at UCLA and author of the ground-breaking book on Neolithic religion, The Language of the Goddess, also chose to place her research materials at the Pacifica campus.
		Her discoveries have taken on great symbolic importance for feminist theologians who found in her vision of a peaceful, egalitarian, nature-revering society a sense of hope for the future based on this foundation in the distant past.
		Gimbutas' library includes an extensive collection on archaeology, as well as numerous volumes about religion, anthropology, linguistics, mythology, folklore, and art.
	www.online.pacifica.edu /cgl/Gimbutas (181 words)

	Marija Gimbutas and Me (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During my own life as a daughter of patriarchy at its pinnacle, Marija's fated quest for "prehistory" led her to the discovery of a long lost, long lasting civilization of the Goddess, a discovery that suddenly banished the pervasive delusion that the human world always was and must be ruled by men.
		Marija and her family moved to the medieval German town of Tübingen, where she completed her doctorate in Archeology and published her dissertation, Burials in Lithuania in Prehistoric Times -- the first in a long series of books she would write on the ancient cultures of Europe.
		Gimbutas' unrelenting search for the origin of Europe takes us all the way back to a time when women were not the slaves of men, when Earth was not the object of brutality but of reverence, a time lasting tens, perhaps hundreds, of millennia when God was not a Father but the Mother.
	www.awakenedwoman.com.cob-web.org:8888 /canan_gimbutas.htm (5704 words)

	Marija Gimbutas (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		'''Marija Gimbutas''' (Vilnius, Lithuania January 23, 1921 - Los Angeles February 2, 1994) researched the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe", a term she introduced, in works published between 1946 and 1971, that opened new views by combining traditional spadework, linguistics and mythology.
		Joseph Campbell and Ashley Montagu each compared Marija Gimbutas' output to the Rosetta Stone and the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
		In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her "Kurgan hypothesis" combining archaeology of the distinctive burial mounds called "Kurgans" with linguistics to unravel the problem of the origins of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) speaking peoples, whom she named "Kurgans" and to trace their migrations into Europe.
	marija-gimbutas.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (688 words)

	The Virtual Pomegranate
		Gimbutas used a fact-based, combinatory process, and the intersection of the scientific theoretical framework of archaeology (including the latest laboratory dating methods using radiocarbon 14 and dendrochronology) and the theological frameworks of diverse mythologies, religions and folkloric systems.
		Gimbutas documents a profusion of evidence (mentioned at the beginning of this essay) for her characterization of Old Europe as a peaceful, egalitarian, Goddess civilization.
		Gimbutas remains unsurpassed as a scholar in the combination of both empirical and mythological breadth and depth of knowledge as the framework of inference and interpretation for Old European civilization and its takeover by Indo-European culture.
	chass.colostate-pueblo.edu /natrel/pom/old/POM5a3.html (4800 words)

	Goddess and Scholar, "The Hungry Gap" and Marija Gimbutas, MatriFocus Web Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marija Gimbutas was born in Lithuania in 1921 and came of age in the very tumultuous 1930s and 1940s.
		In her earliest articles, Dr. Gimbutas was already commenting on the large number of "female figures" (she did not call them "Goddesses" in her writings at this point) found in the archaeological record, not only in Eastern Europe but further south as well.
		During her long career, Gimbutas directed archaeological excavations, translated ancient and modern documents, and studied and published extensively in archaeology, Indo-European culture and language, and folklore.
	www.matrifocus.com /LAM03/scholar.htm (1623 words)

	Marija Gimbutas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the 1950s and early 1960s, Gimbutas earned a reputation as a world-class specialist on the Indo-European Bronze Age as well as on Lithuanian folk art and the prehistory of the Balts and Slavs, partly summed up in her definitive Bronze Age Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe (1965).
		Campbell provided a foreword to a new edition of Gimbutas' The Language of the Goddess (1989) before he died, and often said how profoundly he regretted that her research on the Neolithic cultures of Europe had not been available when he was writing The Masks of God.
		Gimbutas' attempts at deciphering Neolithic signs as ideograms, in The Language of the Goddess (1989), received the stiffest scholarly resistance of all her speculations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marija_Gimbutas (1420 words)

	Amazon.com: The Language of the Goddess: Books: Marija Gimbutas,Marija Gimbutas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gimbutas manages to present the world-view of the Goddess people by careful attention to the symbols, their meanings, and the cultural context of the objects on which they were found.
		Marija Gimbutas was a fine scholar (chair of European Archeology at UCLA), and if she were alive today, would gladly take part in the storm of response that her ideas on prehistoric religion have inspired.
		Gimbutas is not the first, but the most studious, in piecing together the signature significances within uncovered archeological artifacts that assert such evidence.
	www.amazon.com /Language-Goddess-Marija-Gimbutas/dp/0062512439 (1906 words)

	Learning the Language of the Goddess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marija Gimbutas is largely responsible for the resurgence of interest in Goddess-oriented religions.
		When Marija died on February 2, 1994, we felt very sad bur also fortunate to have had the opportunity to spend time with her before she departed Even though she battled lymphatic cancer for many years, Marija was vitally alive and active right up until the very end.
		Marija had an incredibly warm, sprite-like spirit, lively eyes, and a way ofl making you feel very comfortable around her She appeared delicate and graceful, yet Jilled with strength.
	www.levity.com /mavericks/gim-int.htm (438 words)

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