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Topic: Marine Broadcasting Offences Act

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Radio Caroline

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1967 in film

1968

	Broadcasting Act 1990 (c. 42)
		Acts of Parliament printed from this website are printed under the superintendence and authority of the Controller of HMSO being the Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament.
		Offence of allowing premises to be used for purpose of unlawful broadcasting.
		Amendments of the Marine, andc., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /acts/acts1990/Ukpga_19900042_en_1.htm (1495 words)

	bfi \| Film & TV Info \| Researchers' guide \| Legislation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In addition, the Act amends a number of provisions contained in the Broadcasting Act 1990 relating to the funding of Channel Four Television Corporation, the funding of Sianel Pedwar Cymmru, and the operation of the Comataidh Craolidgh Gaialig (the Gaelic Broadcasting Committee).
		The Act allows the Secretary of State to prohibit the manufacture or importation of certain wireless telegraphy apparatus and to control the installation of such apparatus in vehicles.
		The requirements to hold a licence under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949 or the Telecommunications Act 1984 are separate from the television and radio broadcast licensing provisions and cable programme source licensing provisions contained in the Broadcasting Act 1990.
	www.nft.org.uk /filmtvinfo/researchers/legislation/uk-eu.html (889 words)

	The CPS : Communications Offences
		Such offences are punishable by a fine only so are clearly unsuitable where either physical injury is caused or the offence is other than minor.
		Offences contrary to the Marine etc Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967 are unusual, have extra-territorial capacity and are complex in manner of proof.
		Apart from the terms of the offence being broadened and varied, the maximum sentence for an offence committed after the Act came into force on 11th May 2001 is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or both.
	www.cps.gov.uk /legal/section12/chapter_k.html (1656 words)

	The Marine, & c, Broadcasting (Offences) (Prescribed Areas of the High Seas) Order 1990 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An offence under section 2A may, pursuant to section 6(3) of the 1967 Act, be taken to have been committed in any place in the United Kingdom.
		Section 14 of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949 (c. 54) (as amended by section 172 of the 1990 Act) provides powers for the court to forfeit the broadcasting apparatus, recordings and ship to the Secretary of State.
		A broadcast made from a ship in one of the areas prescribed by this Order does not contravene section 2A of the 1967 Act if it is authorised under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom (subsection (4)).
	www.hmso.gov.uk /si/si1990/Uksi_19902503_en_3.htm (321 words)

	John Peel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His radio show was latterly sometimes broadcast from his home, named "Peel Acres", in Suffolk and had a homely air, with his wife, Sheila, whom he affectionately referred to as The Pig (because of her laugh) and his daughter, Flossie, often being involved or at least mentioned.
		One of the reasons why all of the offshore broadcasting stations of the 1960s were called "pirates" was because they operated outside of British laws and were not bound by the needle time restriction on the number of records they could play on the air.
		Peel's reputation as the most important DJ breaking unsigned acts into the mainstream was such that in 1983 unsigned artist Billy Bragg drove to the Radio 1 studios with a mushroom biryani and a copy of his record after hearing Peel mention that he was hungry, the subsequent airplay launching his career.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/J/John-Peel.htm (2909 words)

	Radio Caroline history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Certainly by the latter end of the year with no means of broadcasting having been found it seemed sensible to bring the ship in voluntarily and take the consequences but still she stayed at sea.
		While the low power broadcasts and paid visits achieved this aim Moore was reviled by some staff who felt he had sold out and could not understand why the ship should not be spirited away to sea again.
		In early 1995 the British marine authorities agreed to further concessionary voyages on the condition that income thus raised must be used to dry dock Ross Revenge for a hull inspection.
	www.mikekemble.com /caroline/caroline4.html (16154 words)

	www.krwells.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Broadcasting hours were initially limited from 6 AM to 6 PM daily under the slogan of "Your all day music station", because Radio Luxembourg came on the air in the English language at 6 PM and direct competition was avoided.
		Marine Broadcasting Offences Act which made it an offence to advertise or supply an offshore radio station from the UK.
		Marine Broadcasting Offences Act - The law which ended the hey-day and commercial viability of offshore radio between March 1964 and August 1967.
	www.krwells.com /radiocaroline.html (7229 words)

	BROADCASTING (OFFENCES) ACT, 1968 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"broadcast" means a broadcast by wireless telegraphy of sounds or visual images intended for general reception (whether the sounds or images are actually received by any person or not), but does not include a broadcast consisting in a message or signal sent in connection with navigation or for the purpose of securing safety;
		and if a broadcast is made in contravention of the foregoing provision, every person who operates, or participates in the operation of, the apparatus by means of which the broadcast is made shall be guilty of an offence.
		(2) This Act shall not come into operation before the expiry of one month beginning with the day on which it is passed, but subject thereto it shall come into operation on such day as may be appointed by the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs by order.
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /1968_35.html (2121 words)

	Communications Act 2003
		In Schedule 12, in paragraph 4, sub-paragraphs (1) to (5) and in sub-paragraph (7) the definitions of "the 1990 Act", "licence", "licensed" and "the licensing body".
		The repeal of paragraph 20 of Schedule 5 to the Telecommunications Act 1984 shall be disregarded for the purposes of Schedule 18 to this Act.
		The repeals of sections 26 and 27 of the 1990 Act have effect subject to section 201(2) of this Act.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /acts/acts2003/30021-aq.htm (2738 words)

	RA101 - UK Legislation Relevant to Radiocommunications
		The Marine, andc, Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967 prohibits broadcasting from ships, offshore structures and aircraft in UK territorial waters or from ships or aircraft registered in the UK, wherever they are located, and certain acts facilitating such broadcasts.
		The Telecommunications Act 1984 amended some of the provisions of the Wireless Telegraphy Acts, giving increased enforcement powers against the circulation of illegal unapproved equipment and unlicensed use.
		It also amended the Marine, andc, Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967, making it unlawful to broadcast to the UK from a ship within prescribed areas of the high seas.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/ra/publication/ra_info/ra101.htm (842 words)

	Hobby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was reportedly derived from the weatherproof upper clothing worn by enthusiasts of offshore radio who would, despite their lack of familiarity with maritime life, sometimes travel from British ports in small boats to visit the ships from which their outcast heroes broadcast during the 1967-76 period.
		In rough weather presumably the anoraks were far more apparent than their distressed wearers so those people were identified just by the name of their outer garments.
		The term was reportedly coined by Andy Archer, a disc jockey who gained fame in the period following the passing of that Act by the government of Harold Wilson.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Hobby.html (1012 words)

	DIYmedia.net - KHz and MHz Meet H2O
		The only one to remain broadcasting was Caroline - it was this move of defiance that catapulted them into becoming the best-known of all offshore broadcasters.
		But it was during this period that a rare offshore pirate appeared off the coast of the United States: Radio Newyork International took to the air in July of 1987 and broadcast a total of one five-hour show on five different frequencies before being boarded by the U.S. Coast Guard.
		Their place in broadcast history is one of their own design - and their mark on the medium will never wash off.
	www.diymedia.net /feature/pirate/f091999.htm (1061 words)

	N_Bailey
		Nick started his career at the age of 19 as a newsreader on Radio Caroline, but when the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act was passed in 1967 he found himself out of a job.
		Within months he was broadcasting from the wheat and wool centre of New South Wales.
		In 1994, Nick took the Breakfast Show to Calais prior to walking through the Channel Tunnel for charity, a distance of 31 miles, and his name is now on a plaque at the Folkstone terminal along with 100 others who were the first and last people to walk through the tunnel.
	www.ssvc.com /bfbs/radio/presenters/N_Bailey.htm (332 words)

	Pirate radio and the Law in the UK - partyvibe
		(iii) publishing the times or other details of any unauthorised broadcasts made by the station or (otherwise than by publishing such details) publishing an advertisement of matter calculated to promote the station (whether directly or indirectly),knowing, or having reasonable cause to believe, that unauthorised broadcasts are made by the station.
		(3) In any proceedings against a person for an offence under this section consisting in the supplying of any thing or the rendering of any service, it shall be a defence for him to prove that he was obliged, under or by virtue of any enactment, to supply that thing or render that service.
		"unauthorised broadcast" means a broadcast made by means of the use of a station for wireless telegraphy or wireless telegraphy apparatus in contravention of section 1 of this Act.
	www.partyvibe.com /vbulletin/showthread.php?t=658 (1768 words)

	Legislation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949 (the WT Act 1949) as amended - the principal legislation concerning the use of radio and enforcement.
		The Marine, &c, Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967 (the MEBO Act) as amended - prohibits offshore pirate radio.
		The Broadcasting Act 1990 (the B Act) - amended the WT Act 1949 to create various new offences, increased penalties, further enhanced enforcement powers and extended the MEBO Act to the high seas.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/ra/topics/enforcement/legislation.htm (225 words)

	Radio Caroline
		Among the DJ's who have broadcasted from Radio Caroline (South) are Tony Blackburn, Emperor Rosko, and Dave Lee Travis, all of whom made their radio debut on Caroline.
		The Government brought out The Marine Etc. Broadcasting Offences Act of 1967, by banning British companies to advertise on the stations, and banning record companies or anyone to be connected with pirate radio.
		Purchased another ship, the MV Ross Revenge and commenced broadcsting in 1983, and later along with her sister station, Radio Monique which transmitted Dutch programmes until August 1989 when the DTI, climbed on board and seized the ship, and the station went off the air.
	www.geocities.com /Hollywood/Set/4470/futureimage_radioc.html (1273 words)

	Sixties City - Bringing on back the good times
		At midnight on 14th August 1967, The Marine etc, Broadcasting (Offences) Act came into force, which effectively banned all U.K. subjects from being involved with offshore broadcasting within territorial waters and rendering all the pirate radio station operators and personnel open to prosecution as soon as they came within the '3 mile limit'.
		The Marine etc, Broadcasting (Offences) Act was reluctantly ratified by the Manx parliament on August 31st at 8:30p.m.
		In December 1967 RADIO SYD was granted a broadcast licence in The Gambia, transmitting from a land-based facility on 329 metres 910kHz.
	www.sixtiescity.com /Radio/PirateRadio5.shtm (2503 words)

	Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Schedule 7
		In section 47 of the Patents Act 1949 (rights of third parties in respect of Crown use of patent), in the closing words of subsection (1) (which relate to the use of models or documents), after "copyright" insert "or design right".
		In section 57 of the Patents Act 1977 (rights of third parties in respect of Crown use of patent), in the closing words of subsection (1) (which relate to the use of models or documents), after "copyright" insert "or design right".
		In Schedule 5 to the British Telecommunications Act 1981 (special transitional provisions relating to use of patents and registered designs), in the closing words of paragraphs 9(1) and 19(1) (which relate to the use of models and documents), after "copyright" insert "or design right".
	www.jenkins-ip.com /patlaw/cdpasc7.htm (2944 words)

	Media Network Weblog: 08 August 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Today is the 37th anniversary of the UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act, which closed down most of the British offshore stations on 14th August 1967.
		The deal was made possible when the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union exempted the North from paying a broadcast fee and the South agreed to relay the programmes to North Korea, which is expected to send at least 27 athletes to Athens.
		The GIO also plans to expand the broadcasting radius of medium powered commercial radio stations from 20 kilometres to 30 kilometres, and low-power stations will be encouraged to merge and upgrade to medium power stations.
	medianetwork.blogspot.com /2004_08_08_medianetwork_archive.html (3409 words)

	The Marine, & c, Broadcasting (Offences) (Prescribed Areas of the High Seas) Order 1990
		This Order may be cited as the Marine, and c, Broadcasting (Offences) (Prescribed Areas of the High Seas) Order 1990 and shall come into force on 1st January 1991.
		The areas of the high seas prescribed for the purposes of section 2A of the Marine, and c, Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967 shall be the areas described in the Schedule hereto.
		[1] 1967 c. 41; section 2A was inserted by section 171 of, and paragraph 2 of Schedule 16 to, the Broadcasting Act 1990 (c. 42).
	www.hmso.gov.uk /si/si1990/Uksi_19902503_en_1.htm (497 words)

	HavenCo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Today the UK Crown Estate, Marine Estates Department, Coastal Section has title to all of the offshore lands and several parcels of land onshore.
		His claim rests on a local court case involving the 1937 Firearm Act which in 1968 had not been extended by law to cover international waters in the same way that the 1967 Marine Broadcasting Offences Act later extended the 1947 Wireless Telegraphy Act.
		Because of further claims that a ship had been registered in the "Principality of Sealand", a US court with UK participation, entered an opinion in 1990 which was reaffirmed in 1991, that such claims were nonsense and that no such entity existed.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/HavenCo.htm (1235 words)

	History of pirate radio UK Garage music
		But this first golden age of pirate radio came to an abrupt end when Harold Wilson's Labour government instituted the Marine Broadcasting offences act in August 1967, making it unlawful to operate, finance or aid in any way an unlicensed station.
		But the nautical connotations of "pirate" had faded; the new pirates broadcast not just from the mainland, but from tower blocks in the heart of the metropolis.
		The legitimization of Kiss FM, in combination with an ultra tough Broadcasting act in January 1990, reduced pirate activity to its lowest since 1967.
	www.ukgaragechat.com /pirateradiohistory (567 words)

	House of Commons Hansard Debates for 20 May 2002 (pt 22)
		The Minister is probably too young to remember the Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967, which covered similar concerns that the Government had about advertising coming into the United Kingdom from outside our frontiers, promoting products available in the United Kingdom and influencing consumer decisions in the marketplace.
		Clause 124 amends section 93 of the Local Government Act 2000, enabling grants to be paid to support local authorities, for example to pilot new ways of working in the innovative commissioning of children's services and consortium arrangements.
		New clause 7 amends section 17 of the 1989 Act, which deals with the provision of accommodation by local authorities for children in need.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020520/debtext/20520-22.htm (2779 words)

	The Radio 270 Tribute Pages - Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But in May and June of that year, Radio 270 was to make broadcasting history when it became the first UK station to broadcast sponsored Political anouncements.
		Amid the controversy, a second broadcast was made by the Conservatives, which was described by Labour as a direct attack on the government, of its handling of both foreign and domestic affairs.
		We have not broken the law up to now and we dont intend to in the future." A final show was to be broadcast in which all the djs would be on board to say farewell to their listeners.
	www.davesden.fsnet.co.uk /r270p3.htm (552 words)

	highlight media
		The broadcasters and their listeners were part of the sixties social revolution.
		That act made it an offence to broadcast to Britain from an offshore vessel, or to support a broadcast.
		He is the only broadcaster in the world to have completed broadcasting with Forces Radio, the pirates, Radio Luxembourg, independent local radio and BBC national, regional and local radio.
	www.offshore-radio.de /AnorakPressRelease1.htm (2538 words)

	Seasteading: Review
		The governments of Europe were outraged, and applied the pejorative term "pirates" to the broadcasters, a term with which they weren't entirely unhappy - due to its romantic connotations.
		Attempts were made to jam the ships' transmissions, but the public outcry was too great...International agreements were entered into to ban broadcasting from ships, but the African country of Sierra Leone chose to offer its flag as a flag of convenience rather than subscribe to the treaties...
		The British finally knocked their offshore broadcasters off the air by banning advertising on them by firms doing business in the United Kingdom...then the coup de grace was delivered: the opening of popular music stations on land.
	seastead.org /commented/paper/review.html (6873 words)

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