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Topic: Marine Life Conservation

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	Marine Life Conservation Districts
		Marine Life Conservation Districts are established by the state's Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), as authorized by Chapter 190 of the Hawai‘i Revised Statutes.
		These include public accessibility, marine life and future potential values, safety from a public usage standpoint, compatibility with adjoining area usage, and minimal environmental or ecological changes from the undisturbed natural state.
		Since the purpose of MLCDs is to protect marine life to the greatest extent possible, the taking of any type of living material (fishes, eggs, shells, corals, algae, etc.) and non-living habitat material (sand, rocks, coral skeletons, etc.) is generally restricted, if it is permitted at all.
	www.hawaii.gov /dlnr/dar/mlcd (885 words)

	Marine Dumping and Marine Life Conservation
		Marine Dumping (also known as the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter) has been defined as the deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures, as well as the deliberate disposal of these vessels or platforms themselves.
		Marine Life Conservation (also known as the Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas) is the development of modern techniques for the exploitation of living resources of the sea.
		Considering the nature of the problems involved in the conservation of the living resources of the high seas, there is a clear necessity that need to be solved, whenever possible, on the basis of international co-operation.
	www.angelfire.com /magic/country/math110.html (607 words)

	Human Role in Conservation of Marine Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These two results are a strong indication that the local marine life is in depletion and that even fishermen are realising and seeking scientific research as an aid to improving and conserving the local marine life.
		When asked to categorise according to priority the activities required for safeguarding marine life including cetaceans: conservation, education and research were all considered important, to the point that nearly equal numbers of fishermen opted for each of these activities as being the most important.
		However, when this result is considered with that reflecting local marine fish stocks and fish catches, where over 90% of the whole sample of Maltese sea-users stated that fish stocks are decreasing and over 80% stated that fish catches are also decreasing, the urgent need for local marine conservation research, management and monitoring becomes evident.
	sites.keyworld.net /bicref/humanrole.htm (1579 words)

	How Many Fish In The Sea? Census Of Marine Life Launches First Report
		An estimated 5,000 previously unknown ocean fish species and hundreds of thousands of other marine life forms are yet to be discovered, according to scientists engaged in a massive global scientific collaboration to identify and catalog life in the oceans.
		The new marine fish species, being identified at an average rate of 160 per year (roughly three new species per week since year 2000), are being catalogued and mapped by the Census of Marine Life (CoML), an unprecedented cooperative initiative involving leading marine scientists from every world region.
		In addition to the variety of life at that depth, scientists were surprised by the volume of "marine snow" present, aggregations of biological debris that sift slowly downwards from the upper layers of the ocean.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/10/031024064333.htm (3800 words)

	The Deep Sea at MarineBio.org - Ocean biology, Marine life, Sea creatures, Marine conservation... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The physical characteristics of the deep sea are abiotic factors that deep sea life must contend with to survive.
		Life in the deep sea is relatively sparse in the deep sea compared to the intertidal zone, with one exciting, and recently discovered exception - hydrothermal vent communities.
		These dives to depths of about 2,700 km led to the discovery of this remarkable ecosystem where marine life flourished at deep depths in the absence of sunlight.
	marinebio.org /Oceans/TheDeep/index.asp (2252 words)

	MarineBio Projects - Ocean biology, Marine life, Sea creatures, Marine conservation... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Marine Species Database for the most common and endangered 1,200 marine species to include referenced taxonomic, morphological, behavioral, dietary, habitat, reproductive, and conservation status information.
		Marine Conservation Information covering the main issues concerning ocean life (Lack of a Sea Ethic, Biodiversity (Threatened and Endangered Species), Overfishing, Habitat Conservation, Global Warming, Ocean Dumping (Pollution), Alien Species, and Sustainable Tourism).
		Marine Life Science (Marine Biology) Fundamentals exploring and describing the often alien world that marine life inhabits to assist with the understanding of marine conservation efforts.
	marinebio.org /Research/Projects (626 words)

	Diving and Conservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The SAA is committed to promoting marine conservation by raising awareness of marine life and its vulnerability; by promoting sound and responsible diving practice through its training programme; by promoting positive action to minimise any negative impacts of diving and diving tourism; and by encouraging participation of its members in research and conservation projects.
		Conservation organisations concerned with marine life need the help of recreational divers - we can play an incredibly valuable role simply by noting when and where we see species of particular interest on our dives and sending this information to the relevant survey or sighting programme.
		The World Conservation Union, founded in 1948, aims to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable.
	www.saa.org.uk /conservation (4292 words)

	Protection Lacking For Marine Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Discussing the issue of permits for commercial activities at Molokini Shoal Marine Life Conservation District, state land board Chairman Peter Young said any permitting system needs to consider the number of people utilizing the resource.
		Most non-tour-boat owners around Maui generally are out in the ocean for fishing, not for the pure enjoyment of seeing Hawaii's marine life in its natural environment.
		But the consideration Young is giving to protecting the resources at Molokini needs to be expanded to the marine resources of the islands as a whole, which means the state Board of Land and Natural Resources needs to address the issue of carrying capacity of some of the most popular ocean recreation areas.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /FISH/InNews/lacking2004.htm (383 words)

	Water Conservation & Marine Life Protection Directory to North American Environmental organizations, publications ...
		- dedicated to the conservation of marine mammals and their habitats worldwide, through research and education.
		We are dedicated to the preservation of the global marine environment and marine biological diversity.
		Its membership is comprised of people from the diving, fishing, boating, environmental and marine industry communities, all with one thing in common: a love of the ocean.
	environmentdirectorywaterconservation.com (1222 words)

	Marine Protected Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The DLNR’s Division of Aquatic Resources conducts surveys of marine ecosystems throughout the state and may recommend MLCD status for areas that appear promising.
		Once an area is recommended for designation, it is evaluated by the DAR with regard to a myriad of criteria.
		These include accessibility, marine life and future potential values, safety from a public usage standpoint, compatibility with adjoining area usage, and minimal environmental or ecological changes from the undisturbed natural state.
	mpa.gov /mpa_programs/states/hawaii.html (397 words)

	NMA - Marine Life - Window on Conservation
		The National Marine Aquarium is working with a number of other conservation organisations including the Shark Trust, PADI Aware, Worldwide Fund for Nature, European Elasmobranch Association and the Wildlife Trusts, to gather photographic information on these two enigmatic species.
		The National Marine Aquarium is the CHARITY dedicated to raising awareness of the oceans, the challenges they face and the ways in which we can all help ensure they have a sustainable future.
		Located in Plymouth, the National Marine Aquarium is the result of many years of hard work and fund-raising to establish a leading aquarium in the UK.
	www.national-aquarium.co.uk /marinelife/conservation.asp (502 words)

	MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans research... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The valiant marine conservation efforts to protect and preserve the ocean are vastly outnumbered by the many issues that threaten it and the life it contains.
		We are creating an educational and research home page for every marine species (e.g., sharks and rays, fishes, squid and octupuses, reptiles, marine birds, seals, sea lions+, whales and dolphins, etc.
		Our secondary objective is to help raise support for the study and protection of marine biodiversity, to help those working to stop marine habitat destruction and to provide exposure for the issues and the research involved.
	www.marinebio.com (1486 words)

	Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia
		He was one of the first modern zoo or aquarium directors to understand the importance of zoo involvement in in situ conservation, that is, of their role in preserving wildlife in nature.
		The classic amphibian life history of aquatic eggs and larvae is only one of many modes of reproduction, which include direct development of terrestrial eggs (no aquatic larval stage) and live birth.
		This set of connections is sometimes referred to as the "reptilian brain" or "R-complex" and is thought to represent a neural circuit necessary for the mediation of basic functions such as predation and mating as well as the affective concomitants associated with social behaviors ranging from cooperation to aggression.
	www.wordtrade.com /science/lifescience/grzimeksanimallifeencyclopedi.htm (16285 words)

	Collecting Marine Life for Research
		Finally, I was responsible for notifying the Division of Conservation and Resources Enforcement at least 48 hours in advance of any field collecting activity to provide such information as: location, date, time, and the number of persons to be involved.
		A great little booklet entitled, “Marine Life Conservation Districts” which I got from the Department of Land and Natural Resources’ Division of Aquatic Resources had color aerial photographs of each of several of the Oahu MLCDs so I could see where the shallow-water wave action, channels, and reefs were.
		So the marine life endured 26 hours in the dark in these transport containers with 100 percent survival rate.
	avdil.gtri.gatech.edu /RCM/RCM/Aquarium/CollectYourself.html (4963 words)

	Marine life conservation laws begin to show progress - THE DAILY BRUIN ONLINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hodgson was responsible for the Institute's report card, giving Southern California a grade of B- for marine conservation, largely because of the two laws.
		Work that needs to be done includes reproducing endangered marine species in captivity, then placing them in the wild at an age when they can better defend themselves, said Hodgson.
		Efforts similar to this are being pursued at the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium, located in San Pedro, Calif. Currently, the aquarium is raising baby Geribaldis, the state fish of California, and giving them to other aquariums so they do not have to be caught in the wild, said education specialist at the aquarium, Linda Chilton.
	www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /news/articles.asp?id=26148 (561 words)

	Hanauma Bay Park, Oahu
		This "Curved" bay was declared a protected marine life conservation area and underwater park in 1967.
		This is THE BEST protected cove if you are new to scuba diving or snorkeling with a diverse population of marine life and a large, rich coral reef.
		This is a Marine Life Conservation Area: no pets allowed; no alcoholic beverages; no fishing or feeding the fish; do not remove, harass, or harm any marine life
	www.hawaiiweb.com /html/hanauma_bay_beach.html (443 words)

	Malaysia Reef Ball Artificial Reef Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yesterday, the Sarawak Reef Ball Working Group Project 1 (Talang-Talang Region) was launched amid high hopes that marine life conservation in the State would be greatly enhanced by the US technology.
		Environment and Public Health Minister Datuk Amar James Wong was proud to note that the various government agencies had been able to coordinate a planned attack on the threats to marine life.
		On reef ball technology, he explained: "Unlike other artificial reefs and barriers, such as barges, tyres and used car bodies, which are found to be detrimental to marine environment and life, reef balls constructed from fiberglass molds, using cement with the same pH as natural sea water, contain no toxins or biologically active compounds.
	www.artificialreefs.org /Articles/SarawakScoresAsianFirst.htm (381 words)

	Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With this move, the main focus of her work shifted to small-scale coastal reef and shellfish fisheries, where she has been involved in research and implementation of spatially explicit management approaches.
		She is also involved in the assessment and management of benthic (bottom-dwelling) shellfish fisheries, exploring the use of rotational harvesting schemes and territorial use rights in fisheries.
		As a member of the Advisory Panel to the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, she is currently coordinating the development of a stock rebuilding strategy.
	www.pewmarine.org /pewFellowsDirectoryTemplate.php?PEWSerialInt=9637 (1133 words)

	GN Online: Boost for marine life conservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Marawah Marine Protected Area will make major contributions to conservation of marine wildlife in the UAE and in the establishment of sustainable level of commercial fishing, according to the Environ-mental Research and Wildlife Development Agency (ERWDA).
		Located in the west of Abu Dhabi, the protected marine area covers 4,255 square kilometres that include sea, islands and part of the coastline.
		Another advantage of the area is that it will enable the UAE to play an effective role in the development of an integrated network of marine protected areas in the region.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=54061 (446 words)

	coastal management sectors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		International Marine Mammal Association Inc. (Canada) Profile page detailing the ecological & operational interactions between marine mammals & fisheries; moderate list of technical briefings & reports available for download, plus summaries with order info of educational documents; info pages on seals & cod, & on monk seals.
		The Marine Mammal Center (Marin County, CA) MMC fact sheet provided, virtual tour of the center & profiles of patients online, info page on educational programs offered, on science & medical programs, FAQ sheet, medium list of related links.
		Alaskan Marine Conservation Council (Anchorage, AK) Links to Clean Fishing Campaign & North Pacific Habitat Mapping Project pages; calendar of upcoming events; contact info with brief profiles for Board of Directors; medium list of related links, by type of resource.
	www.coastalmanagement.com /sectors/section2.html (1943 words)

	WWF \| Conservation of the marine environment \| Sustainable Fisheries \| Marine Protected Areas
		We've seen some of these leatherbacks, which are the biggest of all marine turtles, swim to depths of almost a 1000m and cover distances of over 2000km.
		WWF, the global conservation organisation, demands that the EU Fisheries Ministers listen to ICES advice and take urgent action to prevent the total collapse of all deep-sea fish stocks.
		Known as the Toliara reef, our goal is to create a marine protected area to conserve the reef's wide variety of marine and coastal habitats.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/marine/index.cfm (227 words)

	The Ocean Conservancy: Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Like all Americans, we at The Ocean Conservancy have been stunned and saddened by the immense destruction Hurricane Katrina left in her wake.
		Through our National Marine Debris Monitoring Program, The Ocean Conservancy is working with the Environmental Protection Agency to reduce marine debris and prevent it from getting into our oceans and onto our beaches.
		A new book co-authored by The Ocean Conservancy's Jack Sobel, along with scientist Craig Dahlgren, presents a compelling case for the importance of marine reserves.
	www.oceanconservancy.org (651 words)

	SharkFriends Awareness Page
		Those marine animals that don't make recordable sounds are given different ocean sounds instead.
		Sea turtles are an ancient breed of marine animals.
		They help to remove sick, injured, and dying animals from the life chain, allowing healthier and stronger animals to continue their life lines and live even stronger.
	www.sharkfriends.com /awareness.html (983 words)

	Marine Conservation Society
		A fascinating account of life in the deep oceans, including mid-water species. Also covers the development of oceanography as a science in an easy-reading and informative style. Many colour photographs throughout.
		A guide to the marine life of Wales, visiting prime wildlife sites and explaining historical background to man's use of the coast of Wales. Suitable for wide audience, from children to divers - and anyone interested in the seas of Wales. Photography is outstanding. Paperback.
		Marine Fauna and Flora of the Cullercoats District
	www.mcsuk.org /acatalog/Marine_Conservation__British_Marine_Life_13.html (542 words)

	Marine Conservation in Cornwall
		Marine conservation is an essential part of the work of Cornwall Wildlife Trust, yet it poses a number of challenges.
		We still have very little information on the marine habitats and species around the Cornish coast.
		On land, we can see everything around us and can easily carry out surveys to locate sensitive habitats and species and set aside reserves for their protection.
	www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk /nature/marine (207 words)

	Kona Coast Divers: Old Airport 2 map
		All plant and animal life is protected by law.
		Make a left, go about 100 yards, and you will be on the ocean edge of the runway.
		Look for the State on Hawaii Marine Life Conservation District sign, located on the left and about 15 yards off the Old Airport Runway, ocean side.
	www.konacoastdivers.com /airport2.html (784 words)

	Aloha-Hawaii.com: Hanauma Bay - Oahu's Marine Life Conservation Park
		Believed to be 35,000 years old, the bay itself is actually the floor of a volcanic crater that opened up to the ocean when its exterior wall collapsed.
		Declared a marine life conservation area and underwater park in 1967, Hanauma Bay ("Hanauma" literally means "curved bay") is sheltered from strong currents and waves, making it an ideal spot for swimming and snorkeling.
		In recent years, facilities were added to enhance the Hanauma Bay experience, including an award-winning Marine Education Center that opened in August 2002.
	oahu.aloha-hawaii.com /hawaii/hanauma+bay (464 words)

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