
	Where results make sense

Topic: Marine Ecosystems

Related Topics

Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

ecosystem valuation

information ecosystems

Marine Ecosystems

Aquatic Ecosystems

ecosystem diversity

large marine ecosystem

software ecosystem

Urban Ecosystems

Terrestrial Ecosystems

lotic ecosystem

Freshwater Ecosystems

In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Marine biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marine biology is the scientific study of the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the ocean.
		Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic, including plankton and phytoplankton, which can be as small as 0.02 micrometers and are both hugely important as the primary producers of the sea, to the huge cetaceans (whales) which reach up to a reported 33 meters (109 feet) in length.
		The habitats studied by marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the abyssal trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of the ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marine_biology (1785 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Marine biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Marine biology is the study of animal and plant life within waterbound ecosystems.
		Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic plankton, including femtoplankton as small as 0.02 micrometers, and together with phytoplankton, hugely important as the primary producers of the sea, to the huge cetaceans (or whales) which reach up to a reported 33 meters (109 feet) in length.
		The habitats investigated by marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the abyssal trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of the ocean.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Marine_biology (1515 words)

	Coastal and Marine Ecosystems -
		An ecosystem is a functional unit comprising all the organisms in a particular place interacting with one another and with their environment, and interconnected by an ongoing flow of energy and a cycling of materials.
		Other concerns about ecosystem function relate to the loss of stability of the ecosystem, even though it may be able to exist at alternative stable states; widespread structural change by humans, often made less noticeable by shifting baselines; and habitat destruction.
		Ecosystems require plans for management on a sustainable basis and for research into areas where there is insufficient information, at the same time as monitoring their health over the long term.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/coastal_marine_ecosystems__en_2385_49354.html?status=ND0yMzg1JjY9ZW4mMzM9Y3RuJjM3PWluZm8~ (485 words)

	Oceanography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oceanography (from Ocean + Greek γράφειν = write), also called oceanology or marine science is the study of the Earth's oceans and seas.
		Marine biology or biological oceanography, the study of the plants and animals (biota) of the oceans and their ecological interaction;
		Marine geology or geological oceanography, the study of the geology of the ocean floor including plate tectonics;
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oceanography (722 words)

	EPA - Marine Ecosystems
		Marine ecosystems are home to a host of different species ranging from tiny planktonic organisms that comprise the base of the marine food web (i.e., phytoplankton and zooplankton) to large marine mammals like the whales, manatees, and seals.
		Marine ecosystems are very important in to the overall health of both marine and terrestrial environments.
		Despite the importance of marine ecosystems, increased human activities such as overfishing, coastal development, pollution, and the introduction of exotic species have caused significant damage and pose a serious threat to marine biodiversity.
	www.epa.gov /bioindicators/aquatic/marine.html (852 words)

	Marine Ecosystems
		The types of marine ecosystems are: coastal waters (including estuaries and lagoons), coral reefs, soft bottom continental shelves, upwelling continental shelves, open oceans and polar oceans.
		Coastal waters are the main area of development for artisanal fisheries and play a key role as nursery grounds for a wide range of marine species as well as being the principle cause of conflict between artisanal and industrial fisheries.
		These ecosystems are exploited with a variety of fishing methods and are particularly suitable for bottom trawling.
	www.horseshoecreek.org /marine-ecosystems.asp (582 words)

	USGCRP Seminar: Status and Health of Marine Ecosystems, Fisheries, and Habitat: The Road Ahead
		Ecosystem approaches that are protective of habitat, preserve critical predator-prey relationships, reduce or eliminate bycatches, deal effectively with uncertainties in ocean climate, and fully recognize humans as elements of ecosystems, must ultimately be instituted to sustain high ecosystem productivities, high fisheries yields, and healthy marine ecosystems.
		Most marine fish stocks are not yet overfished; and it is likely, with important exceptions (i.e., estuaries and spawning habitats of anadromous fishes (fish such as salmon, which spawn in fresh waters and live in marine waters), that most marine ecosystems have not yet been irreversibly damaged.
		The toxic effects of chemical contaminants on marine organisms are dependent on bioavailability and persistence, the ability of organisms to accumulate and metabolize contaminants, and the interference of contaminants with specific metabolic or ecological processes.
	www.usgcrp.gov /usgcrp/seminars/990210FO.html (2306 words)

	WWF - Our Solutions: Sustainable fishing
		WWF’s Global Marine Programme is working with these legitimate, proactive players, with the long-term aim that the world’s fisheries will be healthy and well-managed and that fishing will no longer negatively impact on marine habitats and other marine species.
		The overall aim of implementing EBM in marine capture fisheries is to find new, innovative forms of management that conserve fish populations, don’t harm other marine species, protect the structure and function of marine ecosystems, and support sustainable fisheries and the fishers that depend on them.
		Marine ecosystems are very complex, our knowledge of them is limited, and the ways in which our activities affect them is poorly understood.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/marine/what_we_do/sustainable_fisheries/index.cfm (677 words)

	Marine Life: Marine Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Marine trophic pyramids are either seaweed based (coastal areas) or phytoplankton based (coastal areas and open ocean).
		Therefore the marine producers are always in the upper layers of the ocean, the area we call the photic zone.
		Land based ecosystems are based primarily on large land plants but marine ecosystems are based primarily on tiny, microscopic phytoplankters.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/marinesci/03ecology/mlecosystem.htm (1471 words)

	WWF Indochina Programme
		As a consequence of this rapid and often unplanned development, critical ecosystems such as coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangrove forests are under pressure from unsustainable exploitation and pollution.
		Qualitative evidence suggests that marine fisheries have declined dramatically in Cambodia during the last 25 years even though marine fishing virtually halted during the political troubles of the 1970s and 1980s.
		Cambodia’s coastal and marine resources are also thought to be rich and important to coastal communities, but very few surveys of the biodiversity have yet been undertaken.
	www.wwfindochina.org /conservation/marine/marine.htm (515 words)

	NMNH Virtual Tour - Marine Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This exhibit explores two marine ecosystems: a tropical coral reef and a temperate rocky shore.
		Visitors can walk through a rocky shore ecosystem and discover what eats what, view living models of these two ecosystems, learn how humans impact marine ecosystems and what can be done to preserve them, and investigate the behind-the-scenes work of museum scientists.
		Also on display in the Museum are a giant squid, a life size model of the blue whale, and a large marlin.
	www.si.edu /harcourt/h_si/First/Marine/index.html (94 words)

	Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) -
		Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) are regions of ocean and coastal space that encompass river basins and estuaries and extend out to the seaward boundary of continental shelves and the seaward margins of coastal current systems.
		The consequences of these threats on ecosystem function and health, as well as the corresponding consequences to the global human population, is not known in empirical terms (ecosystem dynamics are non-linear, often with causes and effects separated by a variable time lag).
		However, the importance of marine and coastal area resources is undeniably substantial, thus mitigating the negative impacts of these threats and adopting management practices that sustain ecosystem function and health has become an international priority.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/large_marine_ecosystems_lmes__en_12727_all_1.html (551 words)

	Marine ecosystems
		Waterborne infection, from marine or freshwater sources, is the leading cause of illness worldwide, and fish provide more animal protein for human consumption than poultry or meat.
		The role of environmental changes in increasing pathogenicity of marine viruses, or creating conditions for the survival of known pathogenic viruses introduced through sewage may become a crucial question for the health of large marine ecosystems.
		The degradation of marine ecosystems increases the risk of diseases emerging, and an enhanced plankton reservoir may help explain the rapid invasion of cholera in the Americas.
	www.ciesin.org /docs/005-390/005-390.html (2162 words)

	Marine Ecosystems
		Pakistan's freshwater and marine ecosystems are of great significance as they serve as critical breeding, rearing, staging and wintering grounds for a number of globally important species.
		As Pakistan is a predominantly arid and semi-arid country, these ecosystems have a significant economic value, as people, livestock and wildlife are dependent on them for their livelihood and survival.
		Every year less freshwater reaches the Indus delta; freshwater that is essential for the survival of the mangrove ecosystem, which in turn is vital to the continued existence of countless human communities, their livestock and the wild animals, including birds, who live around the mangroves.
	www.wwfpak.org /marineeco.php (191 words)

	WEC - Makai - Marine Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Wai‘anae's coastal and marine ecosystems are characterized by rocky intertidal zones, coral reefs, and offshore pelagic and deep sea marine environments.
		Threats to coastal and marine ecosystems along the Wai‘anae coast include land-based and sea-based human activities, natural disturbances from storms, and large-scale global climate change phenomena such as sea level rise and increased sea surface temperature.
		Special focus is also given to the marine mammals and sea turtles that commonly inhabit the waters off of the Wai‘anae moku.
	www.hawaii.gov /dbedt/czm/wec/html/sea/marine/index.htm (529 words)

	Welcome !
		Marine ecosystems maintain the chemistry of our atmosphere, help regulate global climate, supply vast amounts of food, and contribute key ingredients to many medicines and industrial products.
		In addition, marine ecosystems, with their unique array of organisms and diverse range of habitats, have an intrinsic value that is immeasurable.
		Two ecosystems that are thousands of miles apart in nature are only a few feet apart in the exhibit, enabling visitors to observe similarities and differences up close.
	www.apapets.org /MarineEcosystem (367 words)

	NRDC: Ocean Ecosystems Collapsing, Study Finds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We have reached a crossroads where the cumulative effect of what we take from, and put into the ocean substantially reduces the ability of marine ecosystems to produce the economic and ecological goods and services that we desire and need.
		In addition, climate change over the next century will "profoundly impact coastal and marine ecosystems." Expected problems include rising sea levels and an accompanying loss of coastal wetlands and other important waterways, and damage to habitat-rich coral reefs from increased temperatures.
		The commission recommends the creation of marine reserves that would act as national parks of the sea, in which plants and animals are protected from certain harmful activities, thus allowing ocean ecosystems to recover and marine species to rebound.
	www.nrdc.org /water/oceans/pewreport.asp (948 words)

	Global Marine Initiative - Conservation of Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems
		Key nearshore ecosystems such as seagrass meadows, marshes, and mangrove forests are particularly valued for their extremely high productivity, which supports a great abundance and diversity of fish as well as shrimp, oysters, crabs, and other invertebrates.
		The Marine Initiative is developing new strategies to lease or acquire submerged lands for the purpose of conservation and restoration.
		The importance of these nurseries to coastal estuaries and marine ecosystems is well accepted by scientists, conservation organizations, fisheries managers, and the public, and is often cited to support protection and conservation of these areas.
	www.nature.org /initiatives/marine/strategies/art12288.html (768 words)

	The Department of Marine Biology
		Located on the mouth of Galveston Bay National Estuary and adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico shoreline, the Department of Marine Biology (MARB) at Texas AandM University at Galveston functions as a "Window to the Sea" for hands-on instruction in the marine life science.
		Marine Biology with a License Option: Students in the Marine Biology program incorporate courses from the Marine Transportation program leading to a Merchant Marines Third Mates license.
		Marine Fisheries: Students are trained in the principles of fisheries management and aquaculture including identification, sampling methods, and economics.
	www.marinebiology.edu (464 words)

	Large Marine Ecosystems
		If the spiraling degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems is to be reversed so that these ecosystems continue to provide both livelihood benefits to coastal communities and foreign exchange to governments, a more ecosystem-based approach needs to be implemented.
		Large Marine Ecosystems are regions of ocean space encompassing coastal areas from river basins and estuaries to the seaward boundaries of continental shelves and the outer margins of the major current systems.
		The result may be irreversible damage to coastal and marine ecosystems, the poor communities depending on them, and the economy of coastal nations.
	www.edc.uri.edu /lme/intro.htm (1046 words)

	The Centre for Marine Studies, Marine Botany Lab, Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Tropical marine ecosystems have an enormous economic, cultural and biological value for the global community (Costanza 1997).
		At the second International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management symposium in Manila, 2003, working groups stated: “Well-designed and targeted research and monitoring programs are essential components of tropical marine ecosystem management to maintain its health.” In the next five to ten years these statements will have the highest priority for the International Coral Reef Initiative.
		It was further said that all elements of research and monitoring should incorporate the full involvement of, and respect for the range of knowledge and skills available from the whole community: scientists, resource users, indigenous people and members of the general public (ITMEMS2 2003).
	www.marine.uq.edu.au /marbot/teaching/researchphdchris.htm (461 words)

	Smithsonian Institution Marine Science Network - Integrating Marine Science Research with Education
		Understanding human interactions with the marine environment is critical: 70 percent of Earth's human population lives in coastal cities supported by marine resources.
		Marine Science at the Smithsonian Institution is uniquely positioned to study the patterns and mechanisms of change in ocean environments and is a major force in the effort to conserve key coastal resources.
		Marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass meadows, provide valuable environmental services for human populations centered in the coastal zone, including fisheries for shellfish and finfish, harbors and canals for shipping, tourism, and waste processing.
	www.si.edu /marinescience (177 words)

	APPENDIX B - MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
		Coral reefs are also colonized by a wide variety of sessile marine organisms, including soft corals, sponges, tunicates and algae, and serve as habitat for hundreds of species of fish and marine invertebrates.
		Organochlorine pesticide residues in marine sediment and biota from the northern Florida reef tract.
		Ecosystem model of an estuarine submersed plant community: calibration and simulation of eutrophication responses.
	www.saj.usace.army.mil /projects/appbmareco.htm (9018 words)

	EPA - Freshwater Ecosystems
		Freshwater ecosystems are aquatic systems which contain drinkable water or water of almost no salt content.
		In addition, freshwater ecosystems are home to numerous organisms (e.g., fish, amphibians, aquatic plants, and invertebrates).
		Despite all of their value and importance, many freshwater ecosystems are being severely damaged by human activities.
	www.epa.gov /bioindicators/aquatic/freshwater.html (609 words)

	NMNH Virtual Tour - Marine Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Ecosystems are communities of plants, animals, and microbes interacting with each other and their environment.
		Here two ecosystems that are thousands of miles apart in nature are only a few feet apart in the exhibit, enabling visitors to observe their similarities and differences up close.
		The environment of each ecosystem greatly influences the diversity of organisms found there.
	www.mnh.si.edu /museum/VirtualTour/Tour/First/Marine/marine1.html (89 words)

	Online Science Resource Locator Results: Ecosystems
		Many coastal, lacustrine, and marine fragile environments, including coastal wetlands, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and polar ecosystems, have been impacted and degraded during the past century by a combination of natural processes and by human activities.
		Marine geologists of the U.S. Geological Survey working in Puerto Rico are confident that the long-term effects of Hurricane Hugo on the coastal environment are minimal, though the economic damage was significant.
		These complex and diverse marine ecosystems are not only ecologically important but also provide hundreds of millions of dollars annually to Hawai‘i’s economy.
	marine.usgs.gov /cgi-bin/locator?selected_topic=7&selected_region=n&selected_content=n (1833 words)

	Conservation International - Regions - Priority Areas - Key Marine Regions
		In fact, the diversity of the ocean exceeds that on land at the level of phyla, and entire categories of numerous life forms (not just species) are found exclusively in the sea.
		Marine ecosystems are already heavily impacted by these relatively dense coastal populations and associated economic activities.
		Marine ecosystem complexes are ecologically sensitive and exceedingly valuable places that are under enormous, and in most cases, largely ignored pressures.
	www.conservation.org /xp/CIWEB/regions/priorityareas/marine (465 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)