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Topic: Marine hatchetfish

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Sternoptychinae

	Marine hatchetfish -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Marine hatchetfish are small, deep-sea (Click link for more info and facts about bathypelagic) bathypelagic (Any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills) fish of the family Sternoptychidae, together with bottlelights, pearlsides and constellationfish.
		Like the freshwater varieties, marine hatchetfish are named for their laterally compressed and deeply keeled bodies, somewhat resembling a (Short ax used to chop wood) hatchet blade (with the caudal peduncle being the "handle").
		Hatchetfish undertake nightly migrations en masse, from depths of 3,600 metres to the upper 50-100 metres of the starlit (Click link for more info and facts about water column) water column.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/marine_hatchetfish.htm (401 words)

	Marine
		Marine, Illinois Marine is a village located in 2000 census, the village had a total population of 910.
		Marine park A marine park is a zoo, with a variety of animals kept inside, outside in enclosed tanks, or outside in the...
		Marine snow In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper laye...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/marine.html (1698 words)

	Bioluminescence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		90% of deep sea marine life is estimated to produce bioluminescence in one form or another.
		Most marine light-emission belongs in the blue and green light spectrum, the wavelengths that have the most powerful penetrating power in water.
		Vibrio symbiosis with numerous marine invertebrates and fish, namely the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) is a key experimental model for symbiosis, quorum sensing, and bioluminescence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bioluminescence (889 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Animals - Children's Zone - Hatchetfish
		There are at least 45 different species of hatchetfish found in warm waters throughout the world.
		Hatchetfish are carnivorous and feed on plankton and tiny crustaceans.
		The hatchetfish has light-producing cells on its belly, which give out a pale blue light that looks like daylight shining through the water.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/reallywild/amazing/hatchetfish.shtml (199 words)

	County of SB : Energy Division
		Marine biota offshore Santa Barbara County, and offshore southern California, contain a great diversity of species due, in part, to the mixing of warm southern water and cooler northern water in the Southern California Bight.
		Estuaries form the transition zone between the marine and freshwater environments at river mouths and inlets; coastal wetlands, including marshes and mudflats, are saturated areas associated with estuaries.
		Marine mammals are generally protected in the U.S. under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, and threatened or endangered marine mammals are further protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.
	www.countyofsb.org /energy/policies/CEQAthresholds/physSettingMarineBio.asp (4493 words)

	Large Hatchetfish, Argyropelecus gigas
		They are mostly deep-bodied, compressed fishes which have a sharp "blade" along the lower margin of the body and a "handle" formed by the posterior half of the body.
		Hatchetfishes are deepsea fishes which have upward-directed eyes and light-producing photophores (light organs).
		Some of the photophores of the Large Hatchetfish in the image are visible as yellowish dots in a row above the anal fin and running along the abdominal margin.
	www.austmus.gov.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/agigas.htm (261 words)

	Ocean Animal Printouts - EnchantedLearning.com
		Harp Seals are marine mammals that live in the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean.
		The Knobbed Whelk is a marine invertebrate with a spiral shell.
		The limpet is a marine invertebrate (a gastropod) with a flattened, cone-shaped shell.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /coloring/oceanlife.shtml (2239 words)

	Deep-sea Hall of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ability has evolved independently is found in nearly all marine animal groups, from tiny worms to deep-sea sharks.
		The hatchetfish uses bioluminescence as a form of camouflage.
		The hatchetfish's entire belly is covered with lights called photophores, which point downwards.
	www.deepoceanquest.com /outreach9.html (588 words)

	DMR References: Authors L
		Leeming, R. and Nichols, P. Use of faecal sterols and bacterial indicators to discriminate sources of faecal pollution in urban creeks and lakes of Wyong, NSW Consultancy report.
		Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 180: 221-234 66 refs, illus.
		Marine Technology Soc., Washington, Dc USA Washington, Dc USA Mts 1992, pp.
	www.marine.csiro.au /datacentre/refs/authors_l.htm (2670 words)

	@Sea \| Fathoming the Gulf Stream \| Feature Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A list of some of the many different kinds of bioluminescent creatures in the world, divided up by the different environments where they live, gives some sense of the relative significance of bioluminescence in the marine environment, compared to in the terrestrial and freshwater realms (Table 1).
		This is why many open ocean predators like this hatchetfish (Figure 7) have upturned eyes and an upturned mouth.
		But the hatchetfish is also prey to bigger fish swimming below it, so to make itself harder to see, it has a narrow silhouette and silver sides.
	www.at-sea.org /missions/fathoming/features/story7.html (1830 words)

	Nekton/Benthos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Unlike terrestrial counterparts, marine animal have devised adaptive strategies for dealing with a world that varies in three dimensions.
		The hatchetfish and stargazer, which dwell near the bottom, are adapted to watching the world above them.
		To ecologists, this is a well-known condition, and applies in terrestrial environments as well as marine environments.
	www-ocean.tamu.edu /~dkobilka/nektobenthos.html (539 words)

	Animals: Her Royal Deepness - marine biologist Sylvia Earle - Brief Article
		She tells of an encounter with a hatchetfish, a fish she says looks as if it had been designed by "a drunken committee with a twisted sense of humor." Indeed, what else would explain a fish with large tubular eyes directed upward while light-emitting organs shine an eerie blue light down to the seafloor?
		At a time when fish and other marine species are harvested from the seas at unsustainable rates, when toxic chemicals make their way into the farthest reaches of the oceans, when greenhouse gases warm oceanic waters, when sediment and nutrients flow from heavily developed coastlines, Earle calls for responsible action.
		Earle is pushing for the establishment of marine sanctuaries, ocean areas protected from fishing and other commercial exploitation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FRO/is_2_132/ai_54152688 (1048 words)

	Facts \| Greenpeace International
		Sperm whales and other marine mammals dive down to feed upon these and other oceanic squid - in fact, deep-living squid are the sperm whale's staple diet.
		Hatchetfish - Live in the mesopelagic zone - in between the deep sea and the surface.
		To camouflage themselves from predators who would otherwise notice their silhouettes from below, hatchetfish have developed a way of creating light from their underbelly that mimics the dim sunlight levels in the deep.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/campaigns/save-our-seas-2/save-deep-sea-life/facts (452 words)

	MarineBio Projects - Ocean biology, Marine life, Sea creatures, Marine conservation...
		Marine Species Database for the most common and endangered 1,200 marine species to include referenced taxonomic, morphological, behavioral, dietary, habitat, reproductive, and conservation status information.
		Marine Life Science (Marine Biology) Fundamentals exploring and describing the often alien world that marine life inhabits to assist with the understanding of marine conservation efforts.
		Marine Mammal Stranding Database Project - the Marine Mammal Protection Act falls short of requiring a central database to store and search for data concerning worldwide reports of marine mammal strandings and necropsies.
	marinebio.org /Research/Projects (626 words)

	Common Hatchetfish, Silver Hatchetfish, Carnegiella strigata
		The Common Hatchetfish are often sold as a Silver Hatchetfish, which is a misnomer though a common mistake.
		In the aquarium the Common Hatchetfish will generally eat all kinds of live, fresh and flake foods as long as it is on the surface of the water.
		The Common Hatchetfish are found in Brazil and the southern tributaries of the Amazon.
	www.exotictropicals.com /encyclo/fresh/characins/hatchet.php (639 words)

	Sweeper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sweepers are small, tropical marine (occasionally brackish) perciform fish of the family Pempheridae.
		Deeply keeled, compressed bodies and large eyes typify sweepers, their form somehwat like hatchetfish; both cycloid and ctenoid scales may be present.
		The small, short dorsal fin begins before the body's midpoint and may have 4-7 spines; the anal fin is extensive and usually has 3 spines.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Sweeper.htm (312 words)

	HatchetFAQs
		are schooling fish and like to be left in groups of at least 6 or more.
		Otherwise, I fully suspect that their internal parasite fauna (all are wild-collected) are showing themselves in your mysterious losses...
		If you and I had a "hatchetfish farm" and were in dead earnest re keeping our herd alive, I would lace their food with Metronidazole/Flagyl AND a broad spectrum antibiotic (Tetra and HBH used to sell foods pre-made with these...
	www.wetwebmedia.com /FWSubWebIndex/hatchetfaqs1.htm (692 words)

	A World of Fish
		marine pomacentrid fish typically living in large shoals and feeding on planktonic organisms; several species are regularly imported and can be successfully maintained in aquariums
		marine hermit crabs of the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean; the most popular species is the tiny blue-leg hermit, C tricolor, kept in marine tanks for algae control
		calcified tropical marine green alga with a skeletal structure resembling a string of beads and bearing tufts of green, photosynthetic filaments at the ends of the strands
	www.aworldoffish.com /school/definitions/c.shtml (3078 words)

	Feeding and Nutrition of Freshwater Aquarium Fish
		Animals like hatchetfish have their mouths facing upwards and are limited to feeding off the surface, while others, like catfish, have their mouths facing downwards and are obligated to pick food off of the bottom.
		Things like live or frozen brine shrimp, frozen blood worms (mosquito larvae), or dried marine algae are all good things with which to supplement your fishes diet.
		For this reason, it is often advisable to feed marine feeders to freshwater fish since any protozoans or parasites of marine fish will die quickly in fresh water.
	www.freshwater-aquarium-fish.com /feeding_fish.htm (455 words)

	ipedia.com: Pelagic zone Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There are no living plants, and most animals survive by consuming the snow of detritus falling from the zones above, or (like the marine hatchetfish) by preying upon others.
		The remaining (lower) zones comprise the open ocean's aphotic zone.
		The bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadopelagic zones are very similar in character, and some marine biologists elide them into a single zone or consider the latter two to be the same.
	www.ipedia.com /pelagic_zone.html (421 words)

	Science World: Earth: a watery planet: water covers 70 percent of our planet. And 97 percent of that water is in the ...
		More than 25 percent of all marine plants and animals call coral reefs home--including 10 percent of all fish that humans eat.
		And while many marine animals call this ocean layer home, many of those feed on the more abundant food supply in the zone above.
		Some residents include the mesopelagic squid, mackerel shark, lanternfish, hatchetfish, octopus, and shrimp.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1590/is_13_58/ai_85465333 (559 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Survival Skills of Deep Sea Animals
		Hatchetfish have tubular eyes to spot their prey, but go to great lengths to avoid being eaten themselves.
		Creatures of the deep sea must be efficient predators as food is hard to come by.
		Fecal matter and nutrients from decaying organisms fall from surface waters as marine snow, but this is not enough to meet demands.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/efc_mbh/dsc_about_survival.asp (895 words)

	Silver Hatchetfish \| Thoracocharax securis
		A green to yellow vertical stripe extends from the gill cover to the base of the tail.
		This Hatchetfish requires the usual Hatchetfish set-up, but it also needs a good air supply.
		R: This Hatchetfish can leave the water and fly for up to 9 feet (2.74 m).
	fish.mongabay.com /species/Thoracocharax_securis.html (246 words)

	Dispatches from the Vanishing World.Com
		Sylvia Earle, marine biologist and former chief scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is another eloquent spokesperson for the growing crisis of the oceans.
		Ellen is in the same business you are : marine conservation consciousness-raising, but with kids, the adults of the future, not the ones of the present, all to many of whom are a lost cause.
		The reason I gave the fishermen most of the air-time is that the local people from the culture that is living off the resource need to be listened to, and all to often their concerns are not factored into the conservation plan, to its detriment.
	www.dispatchesfromthevanishingworld.com /dispatch10/printerdispatch10.htm (15308 words)

	Aquarium Fish Deals - Blog Forum - Help with Aquarium Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Marine species like these reef fish are increasingly threatened by invasive organisms.
		They have been spotting exotic species in waters far from their natural habitats and suspect they have been freed from aquariums.
		In the blockbuster animated film Nemo, a clownfish, strays from his home and ends up in a fish tank in a dentist's office in Sydney, Australia while his over-protective, timid father searches the oceans for him.
	www.fishdeals.com /forum/archives/00000013.shtml (697 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Viperfish
		This page is from the Sea and Sky website which was developed by J. Knight, a self-described amateur astronomer and marine aquarium hobbyist.
		The article describes a number of fish living deep in the ocean, and its part on the viperfish includes a rare first-hand account of the fish's behavior in its natural habitat.
		Note that while some remarkable photographs can be found here, all of them are of posed deceased fish, including the photo of a viperfish "chasing" a Hatchetfish.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /subcategory.php/231.html (494 words)

	Pandora's Aquarium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In planted aquaria, it is best to remove the affected fish to the quarantine tank or into a small treatment vessel with circulation and heat.
		It is sometimes helpful to add a small (1tbsp/5gal) amount of aquarium salt (NOT marine salt, which is different), as most medications disturb healthy gill function, and the salt reduces osmotic shock and electrolyte loss...
		If a rash such as this developes, especially if you have a marine aquarium, make sure your hobby is known to your doctor.
	2cah.com /pandora/Disease.html (4236 words)

	Secrets of the Ocean Realm - In the School "Creatures of Darkness"
		The hatchetfish, for example, is decorated with a dazzling array of photophores-specialized light organs.
		These are believed to act as camouflage in mid-water depths where some sunlight penetrates and it is necessary for survival to blend an otherwise fl silhouette into the background of scattered light.
		Hint: many highly venomous animals, both marine and terrestrial, have highly colorful markings.
	www.pbs.org /oceanrealm/intheschool/school4.html (454 words)

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