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	Mariner 10
		Mariner 10 was the last spacecraft of the Mariner program, launched on November 3, 1973; this was an unmanned space mission (Mariners 11 and 12 were redesignated as Voyager 1 and Voyager 2).
		Mariner 10 was launched ~2 years after Mariner 9 and its mission was to explore Mercury and Venus.
		On March 29 and September 21, 1974, and March 16, 1975; Mariner 10 passed by Mercury and was able to map 40-45% of the planet.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mariner_10.html (108 words)

	Mariner Exploration Missions
		Mariner 2 was the first successful space probe and the first spacecraft to visit a planet.
		Mariner 10 mapped surface of Mercury in 1974 as a part of a fortuitous slingshot orbit with Venus.
		When Mariner 10 passed by Venus on February 5, 1974 at a distance of 5770 km, it gained energy from the collision in what is called a slingshot maneuver.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solar/mariner.html (447 words)

	Mariner
		In 1967 Mariner 4 returned to the vicinity of Earth again and engineers decided to use the ageing craft for a series of operational and telemetry tests to improve their knowledge of the technologies that would be needed for future interplanetary spacecraft.
		Mariner 8 was to map 70 % of the Martian surface and Mariner 9 was to study temporal changes in the Martian atmosphere and on the Martian surface.
		Mariner 10 was placed in a parking orbit for 25 minutes after launch, then accelerated to a trans-Venus escape trajectory.
	www.astronautix.com /project/mariner.htm (2789 words)

	Mariner
		Mariner 4 was the sister probe of Mariner 3.
		Mariner 9 (left) was the sister probe of Mariner 8, and in 1971, it became the first probe to orbit another planet.
		Mariner 10, after passing Venus and taking the first ultraviolet images of its clouds and being the first to conduct a gravity assist to another planet, traveled to Mercury.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/20th_far_mariner.html (489 words)

	Mariner
		Mariner 5 was a refurbished backup spacecraft for the Mariner 4 mission and was converted from a Mars mission to a Venus mission.
		Mariner 6 and 7 comprised a dual-spacecraft mission to Mars, the sixth and seventh missions in the Mariner series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in the flyby mode.
		Mariner 10 was the seventh successful launch in the Mariner series, the first spacecraft to use the gravitational pull of one planet (Venus) to reach another (Mercury), and the first spacecraft mission to visit two planets.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/advanced/20th_far_mariner.html (3898 words)

	Mariner 10 Image Browser and Reconstructor
		Mariner 10 was launched on November 2, 1973 atop the Atlas/Centaur rocket from Launch Complex 36B.
		In February 1974 at a minimum distance of 5785 km from the surface, Mariner 10 flew by Venus, accomplishing a series of studies and, simultaneously, a perturbation maneuver in its gravitational field that assured a continued flight to Mercury.
		Mariner 10 was placed in a orbit around the Sun that returned the spacecraft to Mercury twice more at a six-month intervals.
	members.tripod.com /petermasek/mariner.html (1517 words)

	CosmicQuest @ The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
		Mariner 2 was the first space probe to reach a planet other than the Earth.
		Mariner 2 observed that Venus did indeed have a very hot surface, noted that the thick cloud cover had no breaks, and also found that Venus did not have a magnetic field.
		Mariner 2 flew within 34,400 kilometers of the surface of Venus and transmitted to Earth information about its temperature and details about its atmosphere and rotational period.
	www.childrensmuseum.org /cosmicquest/fieldguide/mariner2.html (93 words)

	Mariner 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mariner 10 is still orbiting the sun, even though its electronic systems have probably been destroyed by solar radiation.
		The Mariner 10 mission required more course corrections than any previous mission and was the first spacecraft to use the gravitational pull of one planet to help it reach another planet.
		Mariner 10, shown in this artist's rendering, was the last in a series of Mariner missions designed to survey other planets in the solar system.
	pds.jpl.nasa.gov /planets/welcome/m10.htm (260 words)

	CosmicQuest @ The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
		Mariner 10 was the first space probe to visit Mercury.
		Mariner 10 used the gravitational pull of Venus to swing it into a different orbit so it could continue on to Mercury.
		Until Mariner 10, astronomers were not sure what Mercury really looked like because it is so close to the sun and is usually lost in solar glare.
	www.childrensmuseum.org /cosmicquest/fieldguide/mariner10.html (120 words)

	The Mariner Missions
		Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 were identical spacecraft launched on February 24, 1969 and March 27, 1969 respectively, and their missions were entirely devoted to the flyby study of Mars.
		The restoration of the Mariner 7 imaging system was a prime example of the expertise being developed by mission operators during these early interplanetary missions and the event stood as a testament to the importance of having a reprogammable computer on the spacecraft.
		Mariner 9 carried sophisticated instrumentation similar to that of Mariner 6 and 7, but a larger propulsion system was required for controlling the spacecraft during its time in Mars orbit.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/mars/mariner.html (1966 words)

	Mariner 10 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mariner 10 was an unmanned space mission launched on November 3, 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus.
		Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of a "gravitational slingshot" maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit.
		Mariner 10 also discovered that Mercury has a tenuous atmosphere consisting primarily of helium, as well as a magnetic field and a large iron-rich core.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mariner_10 (831 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		The Mariners were all relatively small robotic explorers, each launched on an Atlas rocket with either an Agena or Centaur upper-stage booster, and weighing less than half a ton (without onboard rocket propellant).
		Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly, and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars.
		The Mariner 4 spacecraft was not expected to survive much longer than the eight months to its Mars flyby encounter, but actually lasted about three years in solar orbit, continuing long-term studies of the solar wind environment and making coordinated measurements with Mariner 5, a sister ship launched to Venus in 1967.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past/mariner3-4.html (276 words)

	Mariner 10 Quicklook
		Mariner 10 was the first mission to use the gravitational attraction of one planet to reach another, the first mission with two planetary objectives, and (to date) the only mission ever to perform up close imaging and science at Mercury.
		Mariner 10 took some 4,000 photos of Venus, which revealed a nearly round planet enveloped in smooth cloud layers.
		After the Venus flyby, Mariner 10 was sent towards Mercury, which it flew past at 756 km altitude on March 29, 1974.
	leonardo.jpl.nasa.gov /msl/QuickLooks/mariner10QL.html (246 words)

	NASM Space Artifacts: Mariner 10
		The Mariner Venus/Mercury mission (Mariner 10) is notable for its sophisticated and inventive orbital mechanics.
		Mariner 10 took measurements near Mercury and sent back television pictures of its surface three separate times: on March 24, 1974, September 7, 1974 and again on March 16, 1975.
		According to Dr. Giuseppe Columbo the Mariner 10 spacecraft would continue indefinitely in a highly eccentric elliptical orbit around the sun; and the period of that orbit would be almost exactly twice the orbital period of Mercury itself.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/dsh/artifacts/SS-marinerX.htm (1120 words)

	Mariner 9 Mars mission - Online Imagery
		Mariner 9 was launched from Cape Kennedy, Fla. at 6:23 p.m.
		Mariner arrived at Mars on November 14, when the planet was 75.5 million miles from Earth.
		The canyons, about 6 to 12 miles (10 to 20 kilometers) wide, have smooth floors and are separated from one another by flat surfaced plateaus of mesas.
	www.nasm.si.edu /ceps/rpif/mariner9/mariner9_images.htm (404 words)

	Mariner program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mariner 2 was built as a backup to Mariner 1 and was launched on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus.
		The Mariner 5 spacecraft was launched to Venus on June 14, 1967 and arrived in the vicinity of the planet in October 1967.
		The Mariner 10 spacecraft launched on November 3, 1973 and was the first to use a gravity assist trajectory, accelerating as it entered the gravitational influence of Venus, then being flung by the planet's gravity onto a slightly different course to reach Mercury.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mariner_program (832 words)

	NASA - Meteor Mystery, Solved?
		Mariner 4 was cruising the dark emptiness between Earth and Mars.
		Amazingly, Mariner 4 was not merely close to the comet's orbit, it may have been close to the comet itself.
		Mariner's cameras weren't turned on at the time, so a comet could've passed by unnoticed—except for the jostling of comet dust.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2006/23aug_mariner4.htm (897 words)

	Mariner 9 Image Browser
		Mariner 9 was equipped with wide-angle and narrow-angle telescope cameras, small format selenium-sulphide vidicon sensors, and mechanical shutters.
		Mariner 9 had a narrow and a wide-angle TV imaging camera mounted on a two-degree-of-pointing-freedom scan platform.
		Mariner 9 images revealed the north polar cap, composed of water and carbon dioxide ice.
	members.tripod.com /petermasek/mariner9.html (1226 words)

	MARINER ENERGY :: CONTACT INFORMATION
		Mariner’s website also contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regarding the future plans, goals, intentions and expected or anticipated performance of Mariner.
		Although Mariner believes that such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, they are dependent upon certain events, risks and uncertainties that are outside Mariner’s control that could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated.
		Mariner disclaims any obligation to update forward-looking statements contained on this website, except as may be required by law.
	www.mariner-energy.com /disclaimer.php (232 words)

	PSR Discoveries: Hot Idea: Mercury Unveiled
		New analysis of data returned by the Mariner 10 mission in 1974 and 1975 reveals a surface with lava flows and deposits from explosive volcanic eruptions, variations in composition across its surface and into its crust, and a different chemical composition from the other inner planets.
		Mariner 10 images show smooth plains in many places, perhaps analogous to the lunar maria.
		he Mariner 10 data had to be corrected for variations across its pixel array, a response to light levels that was not a simple straight-line calibration, and discrete blemishes.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Jan97/MercuryUnveiled.html (2149 words)

	Earth Moon from Mariner 10 Photo
		Mariner 10 was launched on November 3, 1973, 12:45 am PST, from Cape Canaveral on an Atlas/Centaur rocket (a reconditioned Intercontinental Ballistic Missile - ICBM).
		The Earth and Moon were imaged by Mariner 10 from 2.6 million km while completing the first ever Earth-Moon encounter by a spacecraft capable of returning high resolution digital color image data.
		The Mariner 10 mission is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science, explored Venus in February 1974 on the way to three encounters with Mercury-in March and September 1974 and in March 1975.
	www.spaceimages.com /earandmoonfr.html (174 words)

	Mariner IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mariners III and IV were identical, designed to fly by Mars, collecting scientific data along the way, and then pass by the red planet to obtain images of the surface.
		Mariner IV was launched successfully, proceeding to perform flawlessly (well, almost flawlessly, as we shall see), returning the first close-up images of the planet's surface.
		A nosecone of new design was fitted over Mariner III (Mariners I and II were Venus probes) to protect it from debris and heating effects of the atmosphere during launch.
	home.earthlink.net /~nbrass1/mariner/miv.htm (3243 words)

	ch8
		An orbiting Mariner spacecraft had surveyed the whole of the planet Mars and revealed unexpected surface features, a planet that was partly primordial and partly molded by volcanism and atmospheric effects.
		These new data, combined with Mariner's direct, highly precise measurements of hydrogen, helium, carbon and argon abundances, provided better insight into the processes by which planetary atmospheres evolve and are modified by the Sun.
		Mercury was known to be a slowly rotating planet, and the early Mariner 10 pictures had shown it to be one which, like the Moon, had not experienced significant crustal modification by internal activity since its infancy.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-424/ch9.htm (2073 words)

	Spacecraft
		It was intended for a Mars flyby with Mariner 4.
		Mariner 9, the sister probe to Mariner 8 which failed on launch, became the first craft to orbit Mars in 1971.
		Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to flyby Jupiter in 1973.
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/spacecraft.html (3254 words)

	WELCOME TO MARINER ENERGY
		Mariner Energy, Inc. is an independent oil and gas exploration, development and production company with principal operations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Permian Basin in West Texas.
		Pro forma for the merger transaction with Forest Oil Corporation in which Mariner acquired Forest's Gulf of Mexico operations, as of December 31, 2005, we had 644 Bcfe of proved reserves of which approximately 68% were natural gas and 32% were oil, condensate and natural gas liquids.
		Mariner's achievement of a 5 was based upon six analyst ratings.
	www.mariner-energy.com (508 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mysteries of Mercury: New Search for Heat and Ice
		Mariner 10's three Mercury flybys in 1974 and 1975 imaged only 40 percent of Mercurys surface because timing and the planet's complicated orbital dynamics resulted in it showing the same face to the camera each time.
		Only 40 percent of the planet's surface was imaged during the Mariner 10 flybys in the 1970's.
		Mariner 10 revealed several intriguing features of Mercury, and not all are superficial.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/mysteries_mercury_021231.html (1528 words)

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