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Topic: Mariner 2

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	Mariner program
		Mariner 1 and Mariner 2 - As the first spacecraft to fly by another planet, Mariner 2 was built as a backup to Mariner 1, which failed shortly after launch to Venus.
		Mariner 5 - The Mariner 5 spacecraft launched to Venus on June 14, 1967 and arrived in the vicinity of the planet in October 1967.
		Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to use a gravity assist trajectory, accelerating as it entered the gravitational influence of Venus, then being flung by the planet's gravity onto a slightly different course to reach Mercury.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mariner.html (552 words)

	Mariner 2
		Mariner 2 was a 200-kilogram (450-pound) machine carrying six scientific instruments, a two-way radio, a solar-power system, and assorted electronic and mechanical devices.
		Mariner 2 suffered and survived a number of unanticipated events during the flight.
		Mariner 2, the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft, was launched August 27, 1962, and passed 34,916 kilometers (21,648 miles) from Venus on December 14, 1962.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/marin2.htm (507 words)

	Mariner
		Mariner 2 approached Venus from 30 degrees above the dark side of the planet, and passed below the planet at its closest distance of 34,773 km at 19:59:28 GMT 14 December 1962.
		In 1967 Mariner 4 returned to the vicinity of Earth again and engineers decided to use the ageing craft for a series of operational and telemetry tests to improve their knowledge of the technologies that would be needed for future interplanetary spacecraft.
		Mariner 8 was to map 70 % of the Martian surface and Mariner 9 was to study temporal changes in the Martian atmosphere and on the Martian surface.
	www.astronautix.com /project/mariner.htm (2789 words)

	Mariner Exploration Missions
		Mariner 2 was the first successful space probe and the first spacecraft to visit a planet.
		Mariner 10 mapped surface of Mercury in 1974 as a part of a fortuitous slingshot orbit with Venus.
		When Mariner 10 passed by Venus on February 5, 1974 at a distance of 5770 km, it gained energy from the collision in what is called a slingshot maneuver.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solar/mariner.html (447 words)

	Mariner 1, 2
		The Mariner 1 and 2 spacecraft were the first series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in the flyby, or nonlanding, mode and the first spacecraft to successfully encounter another planet.
		Mariner 2 was a backup for the Mariner 1 mission which failed shortly after launch to Venus.
		Mariner 1 launch failed as the vehicle was destroyed by the Range Safety Officer 293 seconds after launch at 09:26:16 UT when it veered off course.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/mariner-1.htm (1093 words)

	Mariner 2 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mariner 1 and 2 spacecraft were simplified versions of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program.
		The Atlas-Agena rocket carrying Mariner 1 veered off-course during its launch on July 22, 1962, and the spacecraft was destroyed.
		The last transmission from Mariner 2 was received on 3 January 1963 at 07:00 UT. Mariner 2 remains in heliocentric orbit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mariner_2 (1297 words)

	CosmicQuest @ The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
		Mariner 2 was the first space probe to reach a planet other than the Earth.
		Mariner 2 observed that Venus did indeed have a very hot surface, noted that the thick cloud cover had no breaks, and also found that Venus did not have a magnetic field.
		Mariner 2 flew within 34,400 kilometers of the surface of Venus and transmitted to Earth information about its temperature and details about its atmosphere and rotational period.
	www.childrensmuseum.org /cosmicquest/fieldguide/mariner2.html (93 words)

	Mariner
		Mariner 2 approached Venus from 30° above the dark side of the planet, and it passed below the planet at its closest distance of 34,773 km at 19:59:28 UT December 14, 1962.
		Mariner 5 was a refurbished backup spacecraft for the Mariner 4 mission and was converted from a Mars mission to a Venus mission.
		Mariner 6 and 7 comprised a dual-spacecraft mission to Mars, the sixth and seventh missions in the Mariner series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in the flyby mode.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/advanced/20th_far_mariner.html (3898 words)

	Mariner 2
		Mariner 2 passed as close as 34,773 kilometers (about 21,600 miles) from Venus, discovering the planets' slow retrograde rotation (that is, rotating in the opposite direction of its orbit about the Sun).
		Mariner 2 was last heard from on January 3, 1963, but is assumed to still be in orbit around the Sun.
		Mariner 2's task was to investigate the characteristics of Venus as it flew past the planet at close range.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /buchert/missions/mariner2.html (209 words)

	Mariner
		The Mariner mission was a space program in the 1960's whose purpose was to visit the inner solar system and the three planets other than Earth: Mercury, Venus, and Mars.
		Mariner 4 was the sister probe of Mariner 3.
		Mariner 9 (left) was the sister probe of Mariner 8, and in 1971, it became the first probe to orbit another planet.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/20th_far_mariner.html (489 words)

	Mariner 1, 2 Quicklook
		Mariner 2 was the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft.
		During its flyby, Mariner 2 measured the temperatures of the clouds and surface of Venus as well as fields and particles near the planet and in interplanetary space.
		An identical sister vehicle, Mariner 1, was lost in a launch failure prior to the launch of Mariner 2.
	leonardo.jpl.nasa.gov /msl/QuickLooks/mariner12QL.html (151 words)

	NASA - Meteor Mystery, Solved?
		Mariner 4 was cruising the dark emptiness between Earth and Mars.
		Amazingly, Mariner 4 was not merely close to the comet's orbit, it may have been close to the comet itself.
		Mariner's cameras weren't turned on at the time, so a comet could've passed by unnoticed—except for the jostling of comet dust.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2006/23aug_mariner4.htm (897 words)

	Mariner
		Mariner 2 was the first interplanetary spacecraft, successfully travelling to Venus in 1962 and discovering its fire-hot surface temperature.
		Mariners 6, 7, and 9 also reached the red planet, returning information on its surface and atmospheric composition.
		Mariner 10 was the last in the Mariner sequence, and visited both Venus and Mercury.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/space_missions/mariner.html (190 words)

	[No title]
		Stopping Mariner A and starting Mariner R was estimated to cost some three to four million dollars, but the image return was well worth it.
		Mariner R weighted 203.6 kg, 18.5 of which was accounted by the seven scientific instruments.
		The instrument was derived from a three channel prototype built for Mariner A. A second radiometer, mounted on the same tilting platform, measured the irradiated heat in the infrared part of the spectrum.
	utenti.lycos.it /paoloulivi/mariner2.html (1226 words)

	Jet Propulsion Laboratory
		Mariner 1 and 2 were nearly identical spacecraft developed to fly by Venus.
		A month later, Mariner 2 was launched successfully on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3-1/2-month flight to Venus.
		As it flew by Venus on December 14, 1962, Mariner 2 scanned the planet with infrared and microwave radiometers, revealing that Venus has cool clouds and an extremely hot surface.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past/mariner1-2.html (256 words)

	Mariner II - Abstract
		Mariner II was then injected into a transfer orbit at a speed of 25,420 miles per hour.
		As Mariner II continued its journey, its speed relative to the sun kept increasing until, at the point of closest approach to Venus, Mariner II was traveling about 88,400 miles per hour.
		Mariner II was the first spacecraft to operate in the immediate vicinity of another planet and return useful scientific data to the Earth.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /archive/characterizations/mariner2_2.html (1099 words)

	The Mariner Missions
		Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 were identical spacecraft launched on February 24, 1969 and March 27, 1969 respectively, and their missions were entirely devoted to the flyby study of Mars.
		The restoration of the Mariner 7 imaging system was a prime example of the expertise being developed by mission operators during these early interplanetary missions and the event stood as a testament to the importance of having a reprogammable computer on the spacecraft.
		Mariner 9 carried sophisticated instrumentation similar to that of Mariner 6 and 7, but a larger propulsion system was required for controlling the spacecraft during its time in Mars orbit.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/mars/mariner.html (1966 words)

	Vehicules Spatiaux
		Mariner 9, the sister probe to Mariner 8 which failed on launch, became the first craft to orbit Mars in 1971.
		Voyager 2 was launched August 20, 1977 (before Voyager 1), and flew by Jupiter on August 7, 1979, by Saturn on August 26, 1981, by Uranus on January 24, 1986, and by Neptune on August 8, 1989.
		Giotto was launched by an Ariane-1 by ESA on July 2 1985, and approached within 540 km +/- 40 km of the nucleus of Comet Halley on March 13, 1986.
	www.neufplanetes.org /vehicules/index.html (4723 words)

	NASM Space Artifacts: Mariner 2
		Mariner 2 was the first spacecraft to return useful scientific data from the vicinity of another planet.
		Mariner 1 was launched on 22 July 1962 but flew off course and was destroyed after only 293 seconds of flight.
		Mariner also contained a microwave radiometer and an infrared radiometer to determine the temperature and structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/dsh/artifacts/SS-mariner2.htm (417 words)

	Mariner Mission
		Mariner 6 also identified the south polar cap of Mars as being composed mostly of carbon dioxide, and it estimated the Martian surface pressure to be between 6 and 7 mb (millibars).
		Mariner 8 suffered launch failure, and Mariner 9 was forced to combine its mission objectives with Mariner 8's.
		Mariner 10, launched on November 3, 1973, was the last of the Mariners.
	library.thinkquest.org /29033/voyages/mariner.htm (495 words)

	Mariner 9 Image Browser
		Mariner 9 was equipped with wide-angle and narrow-angle telescope cameras, small format selenium-sulphide vidicon sensors, and mechanical shutters.
		Mariner 9 had a narrow and a wide-angle TV imaging camera mounted on a two-degree-of-pointing-freedom scan platform.
		Mariner 9 images revealed the north polar cap, composed of water and carbon dioxide ice.
	members.tripod.com /petermasek/mariner9.html (1226 words)

	NASA - 21 Photos, and a Big First
		Mariner 4 was among 10 spacecraft designed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to explore the three nearest planets: Mercury, Venus and Mars.
		Next to liftoff were Mariner 3 and 4, designed identically, with the goal of reaching Mars and sending back readings of the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field, and the first close-up photos of the red planet.
		Mariner 3's launch vehicle failed to release the spacecraft after launch and it never made it to Mars.
	www.nasa.gov /missions/solarsystem/f-mariner4.html (426 words)

	U.S.S. Mariner » Future Forty 2.5 - Seattle Mariners and general baseball discussion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Mariners currently have a line-up full of hitters who attack the ball and don’t wait for their pitch, and with their aggressive promotions, they’re breeding another group of swing-at-anything-hackers.
		At some point, the Mariners are going to have to admit that a disciplined approach at the plate has tangible value and start taking steps to instill that into their young players.
		The U.S.S. Mariner is in no way affiliated with, condoned or given any notice by the Seattle Mariners baseball team, who have their own website.
	ussmariner.com /2006/09/08/future-forty-25 (7756 words)

	MARINER ENERGY :: PRESS RELEASE
		"We were attracted to Mariner because it combines the stable cash flows generated by the onshore West Texas reserves with the growth potential from its exploration activities in the Gulf," said Jonathan Ginns, Managing Director of Acon Investments.
		Mariner will continue to partner with other EandP companies to explore onshore, on the shelf and opportunistically in the deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico.
		Mariner Energy, Inc. is a Houston-based oil and gas exploration and production company with principal operations in the Gulf of Mexico and West Texas.
	www.mariner-energy.com /ir/pr.php?dt=2004-03-02 (412 words)

	Mariner Optimist
		The Mariners continued to overhaul their roster with the long overdue move of DFA'ing Carl Everett and bringing up Chris Snelling.
		Jones hit.277 with 14 homers and 55 RBI in the minors and is considered the Mariners' center fielder of the future.
		So now we win 2 of 6 in a roadtrip where we have lost three extra inning games, two lost by managerial indifference/incompetence and one by an umpire's brutal call (followed by managerial indifference/incompetence in the form of Julio Mateo being brought in again in extra innings).
	marineroptimist.blogspot.com (2921 words)

	Probes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mariner 2 also was the first to discovered the solar winds, the flux of charged particles escaping the Sun at supersonic speeds.
		Stardust was an interplanetary spacecraft whose primary purpose was to investigate the makeup of the comet Wild 2 and its coma.
		The Stardust flyby of Wild 2 came on the eve of another historic milestone in planetary exploration, the planned landing of a sophisticated robot field geologist on Mars.
	www.cygo.com /boards/gs/index.php?topic=666.0 (1377 words)

	My Mac Online: The Archives: October 1998: Software Review - Mariner Write 2.0.4a
		Mariner Write, however, uses most of the standard key commands set found in most programs, but this is a nice added feature, and worthy of note.
		Mariner Write simply needs much more work on their spell checking module to be make it truly useful.
		However, I gave Mariner Write the benefit of the doubt here, as Word 98 is a brand new program, and I really did not expect it to translate the document very well, though I was expecting some of the text to come through readable.
	www.mymac.com /archives/oct_98/write.shtml (1690 words)

	Mariner program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mariner program was a series of unmanned interplanetary probes designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury.
		The first five Mariners were launched on Atlas-Agena rockets, while the last five used the Atlas-Centaur.
		It entered Martian orbit in November 1971 and began photographing the surface and analyzing the atmosphere with its infrared and ultraviolet instruments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mariner_program (832 words)

	Mariner 2 - Milestones of Flight
		The unmanned Mariner 2 spacecraft, with its six scientific instruments, passed within 34,800 kilometers (21,600 miles) of Venus.
		Mariner 2 indicated that Venus is very hot and has no measureable magnetic fields or radiation belts.
		ontact with Mariner 2 was lost on January 2, 1963; it is now in orbit around the Sun.
	www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/gal100/mariner2.html (129 words)

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