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	Marinid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Marinid stock was related to the Umayyads in Córdoba, Spain.
		The Marinids originally came from Ifriqiya, through the southeast of present-day Morocco, from which they were expelled in 1224 by another tribe, the Hilali.
		In 1351 the Marinid ruler Abu Hasan, the "Sultán Negro" (Black Sultan) died.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marinid (510 words)

	Marinids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Marrakech (Morocco) from the Almohads in 1269.
		The last Marinid fortress in Spain, Algeciras, fell to Castile in 1344.
		Resentful at the lack of Islamic solidarity from the Ziyanids and the Hafsids, the Marinids invaded Algeria but were further weakened and a related branch, the Wattasids, became hegemonic in Morocco from 1465 to 1554.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /m/marinids.html (170 words)

	Battle of Rio Salado - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of Río Salado (October 30, 1340), was a united victory of King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile over Muslim ruler Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of Marinid dynasty and Nasrid ruler Yusuf I.
		This battle was a final attempt of Marinids to invade the Iberian Peninsula.
		The Marinids had mobilised a vast army and, after crossing the Strait of Gibraltar and defeating a Christian fleet at Gibraltar, then proceeded inland to the Salado River near Tarifa, where they met the Christians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Rio_Salado (148 words)

	13th Century (1200-1299) C.E.
		The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur.
		Abdul Haq is killed and the Marinids evacuate Morocco.
		The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids.
	ourislamonline.tripod.com /crono_13th.htm (907 words)

	brief history of Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The cause of Islam was more or less lost in Spain after the battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212, in the sense of the unlikelihood that Muslims would ever recover lands that they had conquered back in the 8th century.
		In Morocco the Almohads were substituted in 1269 by the Berber Marinids (Banu Marin).
		The Wattasids, related to the Marinids, became hegemonic in Morocco from 1465 to 1554.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /m/morocco.html (1102 words)

	Muslim History 1101-1299 (InterIslamicNet)
		The Al Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur.
		The Marinids suffer defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river.
		The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash.
	members.tripod.com /~bimcrot/sv/chrono4.html (1403 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Said Othman, sucession of Abul Hasan.
		In the Marinids empire, Abu Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas.
		In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Faris II.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/history/chronology/century14.html (2130 words)

	Marinids - History for Kids!
		Shirij Madrasa, Fez, Morocco, about 1350 AD In 1217 AD, as the Almohad dynasty was collapsing, Sultan Abu Yusuf took over control of Morocco and founded the Marinid dynasty.
		The Marinid rulers were army men, cavalry riders.
		One important city of the Marinid kingdom was Tangier, which was the home of Ibn Battuta.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/islam/history/marinids.htm (180 words)

	Destination Morocco \| History
		The Marinids, a Berber tribe from eastern Morocco, captured Marrakech and, with the help of Beni Wattas, extended control over the rest of the country.
		Toward the end of the 13 th century, the Marinids entered the typical phase of political decadence.
		The period of social disintegration that followed the Marinid and Wattasid reigns and the further loss of coastal towns to the Portuguese prompted the Saadians to take control.
	www.destinationmorocco.com /about_history.php (1172 words)

	Islamic Chronology: Part 1
		1307: In the Marinids empire, Assassination of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu Thabit
		In the Marinids empire, Abu Thabit overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman.
		In the Marinids empire, Abu Salim Ibrahim overthrown by Abu Umar.
	www.usislam.org /islam/islamchronology.htm (8663 words)

	Al- Hakawati
		Fez reached its golden age in the 13th—14th centuries under the Marinids, when it replaced Marrakesh as the capital of the kingdom.
		In 1250 the Marinids captured Fez from the Almuwahhidun.
		Unlike their predecessors, the Marinids turned their attention to Morocco rather than the Andalus, and Fez reached its height in the 13th and 14th centuries.
	www.al-hakawati.net /english/Cities/city25.asp (613 words)

	History of Gibraltar Encyclopedia Articles @ 209.197.89.145 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		1333 June - A Marinids army, lead by Abd al-Malik, the son of Abul Hassan, the Marinid sultan, recovered Gibraltar, after a five-month siege (Third Siege of Gibraltar).
		King Alfonso XI of Castile attempted to retake Gibraltar aided by the fleet of the Castilian Admiral Alonso Jofre Tenorio.
		Therefore, Gibraltar became the main Marinid port in the Iberian Peninsula.
	209.197.89.145 /encyclopedia/History_of_Gibraltar (6891 words)

	Morocco
		They in turn were conquered by the Marinid dynasty in the 13th century.
		After the fall of the Marinids in the mid-15th century, the Sa'di dynasty ruled for a century, beginning c.
		Attacks by pirates from the states of the Barbary Coast compelled Europeans to enter the area: the French fought Morocco over the boundary with Algeria, Britain obtained trading rights in 1856, and the Spanish seized part of Moroccan territory in 1859.
	www.amphoratravel.com /Morocco.html (584 words)

	Casablanca - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A small independent kingdom, in the area then named Anfa, arose in the area around that time in response to Arab Muslim rule, and continued until it was conquered by the Almoravids in 1068.
		During 14th century, under the Marinids, Anfa rose in importace as a port.
		In the early 15th century, the town became an independent state once again, and emerged as a safe harbour for pirates and privateers, leading to it being targeted by the Portuguese, who destroyed the town in 1468.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Casablanca (1562 words)

	worldsurface.com - sustainable tourism for backpackers and independent travellers
		They were gradually driven from Spain in the 13th century and were defeated in Morocco in 1269 by the Marinids.
		Under the Marinids' rule, which lasted to the mid-15th century, Muslim mysticism, or Sufism, developed in Morocco.
		After the fall of the Marinids the country was divided into small independent states until the Sa'dis established their rule over Morocco for a century after about 1550.
	www.worldsurface.com /browse/static.asp?staticpageid=165 (508 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Man Who Met Tamerlane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		He was married, moreover, to the daughter of a Hafsid general and, at the age of 20, held his first government office: he was "Master of the Signature" at Tunis, councillor to the Hafsid ruler.
		That proved to be an unlucky decision; the Marinids, suspicious of his Hafsid connections, threw him in prison, where he languished for two years, until the reigning Marinid died and he was freed.
		In Fez, however, where he stayed for several years, he was able to both observe and take part in the political chess games which he later described in his history: rulers becoming figureheads controlled by their ministers, ministers assuming the role of kingmakers, selecting their favorite candidates from members of the dynasty and backing them.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197805/the.man.who.met.tamerlane.htm (3470 words)

	Al-Banna
		The Marinids tribe were allies of the Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba.
		The Marinids captured Fez in 1248 and made it their capital.
		The Marinids had a strong culture for learning and Fez became their centre of learning.
	www.educ.fc.ul.pt /icm/icm2003/icm14/Al-Banna.htm (764 words)

	Gibraltar - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Gibraltar would later become part of the Taifa Kingdom of Granada until 1309 when it would be briefly occupied by Castilian troops.
		In 1333 it was conquered by the Marinids who had invaded Muslim Spain.
		The Marinids ceded Gibraltar to the Nasri Kingdom of Granada in 1374.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Gibraltar (3027 words)

	36-1PreModHistory
		Author of a previous study on Marinid historiography,[21] Shatzmiller has here assembled more of her already published articles on the history and historiography of the Marinid period (thirteenth-fifteenth centuries).
		Yet interestingly, the myth of the Arab origin of the Berbers, cultivated by Muslim historians in the east, was not widely adapted or believed by the Berbers themselves, and this failure itself, according to Shatzmiller, demonstrates the slow Arabization and Islamization process of all but a small minority of the population.
		Because of the not infrequent hostility of the Arab Fasis to the Marinids, the dynasty sporadically relied on Jews in the financial administration of the state, or as court physicians.
	fp.arizona.edu /mesassoc/Bulletin/36-1/36-1PreModHistory.htm (2666 words)

	Destination Morocco \| Modern Capitals
		The city revived in the 17 th century with the influx of refugees from Christian Spain and corsair activity in nearby Sale.
		The heterodox Barghwata Berbers who rejected Islam settled in Anfa (hill) and successfully resisted attacks by the Idrissids and the Ummayyads until the Almoravids shattered their power in 1068.
		The Marinids built the town in the 14th century and turned it into a trading center.
	www.destinationmorocco.com /dest_modern.php (998 words)

	Summary and Evaluation of Middle East & Africa to 1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Marinids fought the Almohads and conquered most of Morocco.
		Marinids and Hafsids introduced madrasas for students of Islamic law, countering the influence of the Sufi brotherhoods.
		Conflicts between the Hafsids in Tunisia, the Marinids in Morocco, and the Zayyanids in Tlemcen often disrupted the peasants.
	www.san.beck.org /1-15-Summary.html (14077 words)

	Lords of the Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Luckily, diplomatic prospects in Dharan bear feudal fruit, and the internal fleets of the Kingdom are increased.
		Defending the region among 6 field forts is the MArinid army of 4,000 cavalry, 2,400 infantry, and 10 batteries of artillery.
		Luck is with the Marinids once again, however as Prince al Dalma is wounded and the tertiary Tunisian general is killed outright.
	www.throneworld.com /lords/lote28/Archive/Newsfaxes/FAX_008.htm (3668 words)

	The medina of Fez - crafting a future for the past - old city in Morocco UNESCO Courier - Find Articles
		Celebrated madrasahs (Qur'anic schools) developed around it at the time of the Marinids, the Berber dynasty which established its rule over Morocco during the thirteenth-fifteenth centuries.
		A centre of Islam, the city was flourishing economically by the end of the thirteenth century.
		The Marinids made it their capital and ordered Fez-el-Jedid, the white city, to be built to the west of Fez-el-Bali, the historic city.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1996_Oct/ai_18826830 (479 words)

	Amazon.com: The Berbers and the Islamic State: The Marinid Experience in Pre-Protectorate Morocco: Books: Maya ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The story told here is that of the acculturation and alienation of the Berbers to the Islamic state under the Marinids, a confederation of Zanata Berber tribes, ruling a stable, even imperial state in Morocco and parts of eastern North Africa in the 13th-15th centuries.
		It looks at Arabic and popular opposition to the legitimacy of the Marinids and of the backlash against the Jewish population associated with the Banu Marin regime and the attempt to gain control of appointments in religious and social institutions as the State continued to be reformed along Islamic lines.
		The 3rd part of the book looks at the evolution of tribal customs as they are integrated into the developing Islamic culture, as well as the development of numerous endowments for religious and other education - especially of the Medresas - and the conflict between the religious schools and the religious leadership.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1558762248?v=glance (942 words)

	Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1000-1400 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Despite periods of struggle among different dynasties, the entire region is united under Almohad rule.
		Later, under the Hafsids in the east and Marinids in the west, the Maghrib enjoys stability.
		The Marinid dynasty (1195–1465) ends Almohad rule and conquers all of the Maghrib, though it can only briefly sustain power in Hafsid territories.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/07/nfw/ht07nfw.htm (516 words)

	excerptslions
		Many even thought, then, that the last remnant of Muslim power had a chance of surviving, thanks to the cleverness of the two sultans.
		Yusuf and Mohammed played a relentless game of political chess with the forces surrounding them: Castilian crusaders in the North, Aragonese knights and grasping Genoese merchants in the East, and their envious fellow Muslims, particularly the Marinids, just across the water in the South.
		And as if this were not enough, they also had to fend off the frequent palace coups staged by rival clans, such as the legendary Abencerrajes..
	www.vivagranada.com /alhambra/excerpts_lions.htm (738 words)

	City Mayors: Historic cities - Africa
		Some 2,000 of its traditional houses, built on hillocks, have survived.
		Unesco World Heritage says: Founded in the 9th century and home to the oldest university in the world, Fez reached its height in the 13th and 14th centuries under the Marinids, when it replaced Marrakesh as the capital of the kingdom.
		Founded in the 9th century and home to the oldest university in the world, Fez reached its height in the 13th–14th centuries under the Marinids, when it replaced Marrakesh as the capital of the kingdom.
	www.citymayors.com /culture/historic_africa.html (1083 words)

	Almohads: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Government, 1031-1212...Arabs and Berbers in the eighth century, the Almoravids and Almohads in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Marinids in the...
		The Almohads were succeeded by the Marinids, a Berber dynasty of the Zanata group that captured Meknes (1244), Fez (1248), Sijilmasa...
		AT WAR: Identity Unknown: The Case for Civilizational Confidence
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/almohads.jsp (1368 words)

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