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	International Whaling Commission -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The commission was created after World War II by the Allied Powers, who were eager to increase fat and meat supplies but noted previous failures to control the rapid escalation of whaling.
		Of particular importance were the enormous herds of whales that congregated in the Antarctic seas to feed upon the...
		Commission responsible for ensuring consistent and universal zoological nomenclature.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9343254 (951 words)

	Current Maritime Developments at Holland & Knight
		The European Commission (EC) issued a Press Release stating that it sent reasoned opinions to seven Member States (Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Slovenia) for failure to respect EU legislation on improvement of the availability and use of port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo residues.
		The Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) issued a News Release stating that it reached compromise settlements with various ocean transportation intermediaries, recovering a total of $305,000 in civil penalties related to alleged violations of the Shipping Act of 1984.
		The IMO issued a News Release stating that the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988 (SUA Convention) and its related Protocol is meeting in London on October 10-14.
	www.hklaw.com /Publications/MaritimeDev.asp?Subject=new (4162 words)

	News Release - Federal Maritime Commission
		The Federal Maritime Commission announced today that Commissioner Rebecca F. Dye has been sworn in as a Commissioner for the term expiring June 30, 2010.
		Commission Dye was nominated to her second term by President George W. Bush on July 12, 2005, and confirmed by the Senate on July 22, 2005.
		Commissioner Dye originally assumed her duties at the Commission in December 2002, after she was nominated by President Bush to serve the remainder of the term that expired in June 2005.
	www.fmc.gov /speeches/newsrelease.asp?SPEECH_ID=209 (282 words)

	US CODE--TITLE 46, APPENDIX--SHIPPING
		It appears to the Committee that the organization structure of the Maritime Commission as set up in the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 is wholly inadequate for the efficient conduct of the multitude of diverse activities for which the Maritime Commission is now responsible.
		Basically, the administrative difficulties of the Maritime Commission have arisen, as all these studies agree, from the fact that the Commission is responsible for performing two fundamentally different types of functions which call for different types of organization.
		But at the same time the Commission is charged with the conduct of a variety of large and costly promotional and business-type programs demanding the prompt and vigorous administration for which experience both in Government and in private enterprise has demonstrated that a single executive is essential.
	www.access.gpo.gov /uscode/title46a/46a_21_2_2_4_.html (2310 words)

	FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION v (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Maritime Services alleged in its complaint that the SCSPA had implemented its antigambling policy in a discriminatory fashion by providing berthing space in Charleston to two Carnival Cruise Lines vessels even though Carnival offered gambling activities on these ships.
		The Commission may then request that the Attorney General of the United States seek to recover the amount assessed by the Commission in federal district court, see § 1712(e) (1994 ed.), and a State's sovereign immunity would not extend to that action, as it is one brought by the United States.
		The FMC maintains that sovereign immunity should not bar the Commission from adjudicating Maritime Services' complaint because "the constitutional necessity of uniformity in the regulation of maritime commerce limits the States' sovereignty with respect to the Federal Government's authority to regulate that commerce." Brief for Petitioner 29.
	ls.wustl.edu /statelocal/fed_mar.htm (8907 words)

	Text: Maritime Commission Chairman Criticizes China's Shipping Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Federal Maritime Commission plays a crucial role in the marketplace by ensuring that "Fair Maritime Competition" exists in the ocean transportation industry, resulting in maximum benefits to the nation, with a minimum of government intervention and regulatory cost.
		The Federal Maritime Commission is charged with ensuring that there are no undue controls, influences, or non-market barriers imposed by any nation, carrier, cargo owner or intermediary, which can adversely affect U.S. ocean borne trade.
		I know that maritime security and port security legislation is a topic of much interest to you and to the industry in general.
	japan.usembassy.gov /e/p/tp-ec0009.html (1625 words)

	Text: Maritime Commission Seeks Comments on China's Shipping Decree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Federal Maritime Commission Chairman Harold J. Creel, Jr., announced today that the Commission has issued a Notice of Inquiry seeking information and comments from the public concerning the effects of a recently promulgated Decree of the People's Republic of China ("PRC") affecting the operations of shipping companies in the U.S. foreign trade with China.
		The Commission, acting in the context of its existing inquiry into restrictive practices of the PRC affecting shipping in the U.S. trade with China, is requesting information that will assist it in evaluating the effects of recent changes in Chinese law.
		The Decree, entitled "Regulations of the PRC on the International Maritime Transportation," was promulgated by the State Council of the PRC on December 5, 2001, signed by Prime Minister Zhu Rong Ji, published on December 21, 2001, and became effective January 1, 2002.
	japan.usembassy.gov /e/p/tp-ec0476.html (245 words)

	HyperWar: U.S. Government Manual--1945 [United States Maritime Commission]
		Under temporary emergency legislation the Commission is authorized to make the determinations of estimated foreign costs on the basis of the conditions existing during the period prior to September 3, 1939.
		Operating-Differential Subsidy.--The Commission is empowered to grant an operating-differential subsidy to aid a citizen of the United States in the operation of a vessel to be used in an essential service, route, or line in the foreign commerce of the United States.
		The Commission's approval of such agreements, commonly referred to as conference agreements, excepts the parties thereto from the operation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, Wilson Tariff Act, Clayton Act, and supplementary acts and amendments directed at monopolies in restraint of trade.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/ATO/USGM/MC.html (1190 words)

	Maritime Administration (MARAD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The US Maritime Commission was created as an independent agency by the Merchant Marine Act of 29 June 1936, to further develop and maintain a merchant marine for the promotion of US commerce and defense.
		The Commission was abolished on 24 May 1950, and its functions were transferred to the Department of Commerce where they were assigned to the Federal Maritime Board and the Maritime Administration (MARAD).
		When the Federal Maritime Board was abolished in 1961, its functions relating to the subsidization of the merchant marine were transferred to the Secretary of Commerce who established the Maritime Subsidy Board within the Administration to perform these functions.
	www.nvr.navy.mil /marad.htm (363 words)

	Russia 18 December 1998 Maritime Commission Arbitration proceeding 1/1998 [translation available]
		As far as we know, this is the first award (and up to the moment the only award) in the practice of the Maritime Arbitration Commission at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, in which the CISG is mentioned.
		The fact that, in these cases, a vessel was not intended to be used as a means of transport should have indicated that a vessel did not fall within Article 2(e)." Djakhongir Saidov, 7 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration (1/2003) 1-62 at 9-10 (citations omitted).
		The Maritime Arbitration Commission, applying Russian law, decided that the contract is still binding on the parties despite seller's declaration of avoidance and then awarded that all seller's claims be satisfied.
	www.cisg.law.pace.edu /cases/981218r1.html (1015 words)

	FEDERAL MARITIME COMM’N V. SOUTH CAROLINAPORTS AUTHORITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		And the argument that sovereign immunity should not apply because FMC proceedings do not present the same threat to the States’ financial integrity as do private judicial suits reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of sovereign immunity’s primary purpose, which is not to shield state treasuries but to accord States the respect owed them as joint sovereigns.
		(f) The Court rejects the FMC’s argument that it should not be barred from adjudicating Maritime Services’ complaint because the constitutional necessity of uniformity in maritime commerce regulation limits the States’ sovereignty with respect to the Federal Government’s authority to regulate that commerce.
		Also rejected is the United States’ argument that, even if the FMC is barred from issuing a reparation order, it should not be precluded from considering a private party’s request for nonmonetary relief.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/01-46.ZS.html (992 words)

	Maritime Mobile Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The maritime mobile service is an internationally-allocated radio service providing for safety of life and property at sea and on inland waterways.
		In accordance with the provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the FCC released final rules in WT Docket No. 96-82 on October 25, 1996, eliminating the radio station licensing requirement for certain ships operating domestically.
		The FCC licenses coast radio stations in the maritime mobile service to provide for a variety of distress, navigational, business, and personal communications needs of vessels.
	wireless.fcc.gov /marine (266 words)

	USIS Washington File: TEXT: FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REVIEWING JAPAN SHIPPING REFORM
		The rule was originally scheduled to take effect on April 14, 1997; however, the Commission postponed the effective date of the final rule until September 4, 1997, in recognition of assurances by the Japan Ministry of Transport ("MOT") that it and other involved parties would undertake reforms to correct the conditions at issue.
		The rule was again suspended by the Commission on November 13, 1997, after the signing of comprehensive government-to-government and industry-government accords to substantially reform Japanese port practices; at that time, accrued fees of $1.5 million were paid by the Japanese carriers.
		The Commission needs to collect further information, both now and on an ongoing basis, to effectively evaluate whether the unfavorable conditions identified in the rule continue to exist, and if so, the extent to which their continued existence arises out of or results from foreign laws, rules, or regulations.
	usembassy-australia.state.gov /hyper/WF990602/epf302.htm (2192 words)

	Portsmouth Herald Local News: Kittery woman to helm Maritime Commission
		She now also oversees the maritime commission that formed in 1998 to promote the region's sea-going history through educational programs and projects.
		The commission also relies on Geno Marconi, the Port of New Hampshire operations manager, Cobler said.
		Cobler said Piscataqua Maritime Commission is focusing on attracting tall ships to the region, particularly the larger, Class A ships.
	www.seacoastonline.com /2001news/3_11e.htm (648 words)

	Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina Ports Authority () [01-46]
		South Carolina Maritime Services, Inc. (Maritime Services), asked the South Carolina State Ports Authority (SCSPA) five times for permission to berth a cruise ship, the M/V Tropic Sea, at the SCSPA's port facilities in Charleston, South Carolina.
		The SCSPA repeatedly denied Maritime Services' requests, contending that it had an established policy of denying berths in the Port of Charleston to vessels whose primary purpose was gambling.
		Maritime Services file a complaint with the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC), arguing that SCSPA violated the Shipping Act by its denials.
	www.oyez.org /oyez/resource/case/1464/abstract (325 words)

	Hutchison Senate Floor Speeches - Federal Maritime Commission Authorization Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Federal Maritime Commission is an independent agency composed of five commissioners.
		The Commission's primary responsibility is administering the Shipping Act of 1984 and enforcing the Foreign Shipping Practices Act and Section 19 of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920.
		Currently, the Commission is engaged in the implementation of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998.
	appropriations.senate.gov /~hutchison/speech48.htm (245 words)

	29th Session of the Joint Maritime Commission
		The 29th Session of the Joint Maritime Commission was held at the ILO, Geneva from 22 to 26 January 2001.
		This report begins with a summary of the examination and decisions to date of the Governing Body of the ILO concerning the revision of maritime standards and an examination of the maritime social security instruments.
		The ground breaking proposal is for one major instrument which would represent the "bill of rights" for the industry and seek to ensure progress toward sectoral universality of obligations.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/jmc01 (747 words)

	USIS Washington File: TEXT: MARITIME COMMISSION ON DICRIMINATORY CHINESE SHIPPING RULES
		"The Commission is deeply troubled by the responses to our inquiry, which describe numerous restrictions that handicap U.S. carriers' ability to serve the Chinese end of the U.S.-China ocean transportation chain," FMC Chairman Harold J. Creel said in the press release.
		The probe was launched in August 1998 in response to reports of potentially unfair or restrictive Chinese maritime policies from a number of sources, including the U.S. Departments of Transportation, State, and Commerce, U.S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings, and U.S. shipping lines and non-vessel-operating common carriers.
		Such proposed measures would, upon Commission approval, be noticed to the public for comment by interested parties prior to becoming effective.
	usembassy-australia.state.gov /hyper/WF990625/epf504.htm (1128 words)

	International Commission for Maritime History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The objectives of the Commission are to encourage and co-ordinate research by maritime historians in a spirit of international understanding.
		In a few other countries a National Commission exists but has gradually evolved into a specialist group serving one part of the field of maritime history, leaving others feeling excluded.
		ICMH seeks to treat maritime history in the widest possible way and to act as a channel of communication not only between nations but also between the different specialisms.
	www.icmh.org.uk (236 words)

	Monnet, Jean on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In World War I, Monnet served on the Inter-Allied Maritime Commission, an international committee designed to secure war materials, foodstuffs, and shipping facilities for the Allies.
		He was later (1919-23) deputy general of the League of Nations.
		Bment Jean Monnet au Kirshberg, commission des communauteuropnes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Monnet-J1.asp (817 words)

	Creation of United States Maritime Commission by the 74th Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Commission shall be composed of five (5) persons, in
		Commission may elect one of it's members as vice chairman.
		of the Commission shall be appointed as soon as practicable after the
	www3.tenforward.com /bud/creation.htm (212 words)

	Moroccan - Tunisian joint maritime commission meets in Tunis
		The Moroccan - Tunisian joint maritime commission is currently convening in Tunis to finalize a cooperation agreement on sea transport.
		Mansouri touched on the role of maritime transport in Moroccan economy saying that 98% of Morocco's trade exchanges are channelled through the sea.
		Tunisian Minister of Transport Houcine Chouk said the commission meetings reflect the two countries' determination to upgrade their cooperation and to enhance their trade exchanges, especially for the setting up of the Moroccan-Tunisian free trade area.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/000418/2000041845.html (380 words)

	NARA - Guide to Federal Records - Records of the Federal Maritime Commission
		Related Records: Record copies of publications of the Federal Maritime Commission in RG 287, Publications of the U.S. Government.
		Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission, RG 178.
		Federal Maritime Board abolished, 1961, with its subsidy functions to Maritime Administration and its regulatory functions to the Federal Maritime Commission.
	www.archives.gov /research/guide-fed-records/groups/358.html (343 words)

	Teamsters Respond to Maritime Commission's Inquiry on OSRA
		(Washington, D.C.) – The International Brotherhood of Teamsters Port Division issued a response today to the Federal Maritime Commission’s (FMC) February 22, 2001 Notice of Inquiry concerning the impact of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 (OSRA) on port drivers.
		“If the Federal Maritime Commission truly wants to create an efficient, market-driven, non-discriminatory ocean transportation system, it will stop ignoring port drivers and other members of the inland segment,” said George Cashman, Teamsters Port Division Director.
		“The FMC must recognize that the inland transportation segment of maritime trade is broken.
	www.teamster.org /01news/nr_010328_2.htm (311 words)

	The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) - MGN Business Card Listing
		The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) is an international non-profit scientific, professional and educational organization.
		We keep our members informed about regional and international maritime radionavigation and radiocommunication policy issues, regulatory changes, and technical standards development.
		Our Special Committees provide a forum in which government and non-government members work together to develop technical standards and consensus recommendations in regard to issues of particular concern.
	www.mglobal.com /companydetails.cfm?companyid=158691 (143 words)

	Shipyards and Suppliers for U. S. Maritime Commission During World War II
		Shipyards and Suppliers for U. Maritime Commission During World War II Shipyards and Suppliers for U. Maritime Commission During World War II Engine Makers for Liberty Ships
		During 1943, 50.2% of contracts over $10,000 awarded by the Maritime Commission went to plants hiring less than 500 employees.
		Of 6,990 subcontracts let by shipyards working on Maritime construction, 4,733 were handled by small business firms.
	www.usmm.net /shipbuild.html (512 words)

	The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services
		Chances are that RTCM standards and RTCM activities had a lot to do with the communication and navigation equipment there.
		In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission and U.S. Coast Guard use RTCM standards to specify radar systems, Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons, and the basic version of Digital Selective Calling radios.
		RTCM members also have the opportunity to monitor and participate in the development of international standards for maritime radiocommunication and electronic navigation systems.
	www.rtcm.org (154 words)

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