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	Marius Petipa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marius Petipa was born in Marseilles, France on March 11, 1822.
		Petipa’s breakthrough as a choreographer came in 1862 with the creation of The Pharoah's Daughter to the music of Cesare Pugni, based on the novel by Théophile Gautier Le Roman de la Momie.
		Revised: 1871 (Petipa's staging was revised by Alexander Gorsky, 1900, and 1903).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marius_Petipa (2366 words)

	French Culture \| Performing Arts \| Marius Petipa Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		French dancer and choreographer Marius Petipa (1818-1910), known as the father of classical ballet, was born in Marseilles in 1819 into an artistic family.
		Marius Petipa is considered one of the greatest choreographers of all time.
		Petipa elevated the Russian ballet to international fame and laid the cornerstone for 20th Century ballet.
	www.frenchculture.org /perfo/events/balletpetipa.html (617 words)

	Dancing Times Magazine - June 2004
		Marius Petipa himself was born in Marseilles in 1818 to a dancing father and a mother who was an actress.
		In Petipa’s case, this was the best of the European tradition, and he brought it to what was then one of the richest and most aristocratic cities in the world, with beautiful architecture and a vibrant artistic and literary life.
		Petipa’s reign was to see the fusion of two great schools of dancing; French grace and elegance were blended with Italian fire and brilliance, out of which the Russian school grew and flourished.
	www.dancing-times.co.uk /DT200406/dancingtimes200406-3.html (1340 words)

	Russian Classical ballet and Modern Dance
		It was Petipa who introduced the strict proportions between mime and dance, and established the ensembles of the corps de ballet and the precise rules for the order of dancing in a pas de deux.
		Marius Petipa was still a leading dancer with the St. Petersburg ballet in 1862 when he created his first multi-act ballet for the tsar's imperial theatre, The Pharoh's Daughter, an incredible fantasy that included such Egyptian happenings as mummies awakening and poisonous snakes, much like an Indiana Jones movie.
		In earlier years Petipa had choreographed the dances of les wilis in the second act of Giselle while acting as an assistant to Perrot and this form of female corps dancing representing shadows or spirits became known as ballet blanc and is common to Giselle, La Bayadère, and many other ballets.
	slis.cua.edu /ihy/sppj/cl_hist.htm (2718 words)

	Marius Petipa
		Marius Petipa was born in Marseilles March 11, 1822.
		Petipa’s superiors could not have sensed the depth of his flair for ballet production (given his lack of celebrity at the time, it likely would have made no difference) when Jules Perrot was called to St. Petersburg in 1848 at the behest of Fanny Elssler to become resident ballet master.
		Petipa was promoted to take charge of the Maryinsky company in 1869, the year that also saw the premiere of his Don Quixote.
	www.balletmet.org /Notes/Petipa.html (1146 words)

	New York Choreographic Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		--1910: Marius Petipa dies on 1 July at the age of 92; his remains are returned to St Petersburg and interred in the Alexandre Nevsky Cemetery.
		Although Petipa's instructions give the impression of firm requirements before they are compared with what Tchaikovsky wrote in response to them, the disparity between music requested and music received suggests that Tchaikovsky did not take the instructions seriously.
		Petipa was accustomed to having his composers close at hand; his instructions to Tchaikovsky were doubtless suggestions, subject to modifications that a specialist composer would have made in rehearsal....
	www.nycballet.com /nyci/nyci_forums_petipa.html (2273 words)

	Mariinsky Theatre
		Petipa was the first ballet-master to the Tsar from 1869 to 1903.
		Marius, a Frenchman, came to Petersburg as a dancer in 1847.
		Petipa was well known for creating entire ballets and characters for certain dancers, and during his reign as dancing master he made famous such celebrated dancers as Pavel Gerdt, Mathilde Kschessinka, and Anna Pavlova.
	it.stlawu.edu /~rkreuzer/pete14/pete14.htm (2947 words)

	Petipa Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lucien Petipa (1815-1898) was a student of his father and he made his debut with the Paris Opera in 1840.
		Marius Petipa (1818-1910) was one of the great choreographers of the nineteenth century.
		Marius worked under the direction of Jules Perrot and Arthur Saint-Leon and they would not share their glory with this lowly aide.
	michaelminn.net /andros/biographies/petipa_dynasty.htm (637 words)

	Nutcracker History
		Marius Petipa, choreographer of the Nutcracker, is born in Marseilles, France.
		Ivanov was assistant to chief ballet-master Marius Petipa at the Imperial St. Petersburg Theatres, St Petersburg, Russia.
		Choreographer Marius Petipa commissioned composer Peter I. Tchaikovsky to compose the musis for the Nutcracker.
	www.balletminnesota.org /Nuthtml/NutFirst.html (875 words)

	Pikle - The Diary Junction - Marius Petipa
		Petipa was born in Marseilles and educated at the Grand College in Brussels.
		Petipa's debut came when he was still a child in one of his father's productions in Brussels.
		Subsequently, Petipa lived and danced in Spain for four years, an experience which had a significant influence on his developing choreographic work, before moving to St Petersburg, where he staged his first original ballet 'A Regency Marriage' in 1847.
	www.pikle.demon.co.uk /diaryjunction/data/petipa.html (427 words)

	Atlanta Ballet
		Petipa's creation of the Sugarplum Fairy to rule the Kingdom of Sweets and the relegation of Drosselmeyer and Marie to minor roles, though satisfying to Petipa, displeased Tchaikovsky who felt these changes watered down the strength of the story.
		Petipa began work on the choreography in August 1892; however, illness removed him from its completion and his assistant of seven years, Lev Ivanov, was brought in.
		Born in Moscow in 1834, Ivanov was a pupil of Marius Petipa's father Jean Petipa.
	www.atlantaballet.com /new/performances/nutcracker_history.htm (1104 words)

	Dance Spirit Magazine -Dancing Through History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Marius Petipa, called “the father of classical ballet,”; was the most influential choreographer of 19th-century Russian ballet.
		Petipa studied with his father, Jean, and before joining the Saint Petersburg Imperial Theatre as premier danseur, danced in Brussels, France, Spain and the U.S. As chief ballet master of the company, a position he held from 1862 until the close of his career, Petipa produced over 50 ballets and restaged dozens more.
		Petipa also created a structure for the new genre of Romantic ballet, rigorously trained the corps de ballet to prepare them for large ensemble pieces and invented precise rules for the order of dance in a pas de deux.
	www.dancespirit.com /backissues/feb02/legends.shtml (963 words)

	Swan Lake - Choreographer Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Marius Petipa, one of the choreographers of Swan Lake, was born March 11, 1818.
		Petipa impressed audiences at an early age when he danced the lead role of Jocko, a Brazilian Ape, in one of his father's ballets.
		With these skills, Petipa was able to incorporate the new Romantic, liberal ideas into his work which set the standard for his unique style.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/ballet/71833 (484 words)

	Dancer Online :: APRIL 2006 - Media Center - Marius Petipa
		Marius Petipa's more dangerous adventures - his being scammed by unscrupulous managers when he and his father toured the United States, nearly being jailed in Spain for an onstage kiss, barely escaping having to fight a duel over mistaken identity and his ignominious entrance into Russia - had abated.
		Petipa had come prepared, though, and handed the minister a letter that was to be given to King Wilhelm.
		Petipa's wife was allowed to dance six performances of one of the ballets he had created for her, “The Parisian Market.” By the fifth performance, the audience was shouting for more, demanding they stay longer.
	www.danceronline.com /customer_service?ref_url=www.danceronline.com/news/1491872343/501823/1 (306 words)

	"The Nutcracker" Synopsis and History
		Marius Petipa, the choreographer of The Nutcracker, arrived in Russia in 1847 after the Director of the Maryinsky Theatre offered him the position of premier dancer.
		Petipa decisively refashioned the failing art form that had stagnated into the virtuoso demonstration of classical technique presented without dramatic unity.
		When Marius Petipa had the idea to choreograph the story into a full-length ballet, he selected a sweetened version of the Hoffman original that had been revised by the French writer, Alexander Dumas.
	www.fairfaxballet.com /nutcracker2004/Story.htm (625 words)

	Journal of Canadian Studies: James Kudelka: Extending ballet's language
		When Marius Petipa moved to St Petersburg, his French traditions created a new Russian ballet; when Serge Diaghilev in turn imported that tradition to Paris, the ballets "Russes" became the property of western Europe; and when George Balanchine forsook Diaghilev's patronage and emigrated to America, an American tradition was born out of those Russian-European antecedents.
		That shape was determined by the Petipa tradition and by the choreographic reactions to it that Diaghilev, a cultural agent provocateur as well as an impresario, commissioned for his company.
		The Petipa ballets are now the old masters of ballet's canon; everyone knows them, a few specialists can trace their importance to today's choreographic developments, but the period of their powerful, direct influence is over.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_200010/ai_n8919849 (1225 words)

	New York City Ballet \| Repertory and Dancers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Petipa fell ill, and his assistant, Lev Ivanov (1834-1901) was given the task of choreographing "The Flight of Swans," the lakeside scene in which Prince Siegfried first encounters Odette.
		Petipa's acts, set in the real world of a royal court, contrast sharply with the emotional poetic passages for the swans.
		Petipa knew a crowd-pleaser when he saw one, so he inserted the 32 fouettés into the third act "Black Swan" pas de deux in which the prince, thinking that Odile is Odette, proclaims his love for the evil imposter.
	www.nycballet.com /about/rep_swanfull.html (2429 words)

	The Christian Science Monitor \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Petipa is surely a candidate for most popular choreographer of the 20th century, an honor he also held some 100 years ago.
		Petipa's "The Sleeping Beauty," "The Nutcracker," and "Swan Lake" are mainstays of ballet company repertoires around the world, as well as their main box-office attractions.
		The other big Petipa revival at ABT was Natalia Makarova's production of "La Bayadère," a ballet she learned before defecting from the Soviet Union to the United States in 1970.
	www.csmonitor.com /cgi-bin/durableRedirect.pl?/durable/1999/06/11/f-p19s1.shtml (670 words)

	Teatr Wielki - Opera Narodowa
		The libretto of La Bayadère was influenced by that of Sacountala, a two-act ballet staged by Lucien Petipa at the Paris Opera in 1858.
		The love between Nikia, a bayadère (dancer keeper of the sacred flame in a Hindu temple), and Solor, a wealthy kshatriya (a warrior of the royal caste), incites the wrath of their powerful enemies, the Great Brahmin, who is in love with Nikia, and the Rajah Dugmanta, whose daughter Gamzatti is Solor’s fiancée.
		It opens with one of the most remarkable entrances for a corps de ballet in the entire balletic repertory: one by one, thirty-six dancers, dressed in white tutus with gauzy white scarves cascading from the head down, swim into view from a cleft in a rock set in the background.
	www.teatrwielki.pl /tekst.php?id=688&nlang=en (1269 words)

	FOOTNOTES - La Bayadere
		Marius Petipa was, the choreographer of "La Bayadere", "Swan Lake" and the lavish, grand fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty", amongst many others.
		Ironically, the true essence of Marius Petipa may be just as elusive as the shade from Act 2.Though Petipa kept his own idiosyncratic notes, he lived in a time in which there was no recognized way of notating choreography.
		For me, Petipa is one of the geniuses of our times, and he is the father of classical choreography.
	www.soundventure.com /web/footnotes/episode9.html (1813 words)

	Marius Petipa -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Russian ballet dancer who was choreographic assistant to Marius Petipa, the director and chief choreographer of the Imperial Russian Ballet.
		A choreographer of the Imperial Ballet, Marius Petipa is considered the creator of the classic Russian ballet.
		Marius (A.D. Brief biography of this Roman emperor who ruled in 269 A.D. Features bibliography, notes, and map.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9059475 (738 words)

	LA BAYADERE
		It flows from the simple to the complex, but we are always aware of its source, deep in the dancer’s back, and of its vibration as it carries in widening arcs around the auditorium.
		Although Petipa enjoyed authority as sole ballet master of the St. Petersburg theaters mounting a new ballet was fraught with difficulties.
		It is reported that Petipa and his régisseur spent six months showing artists their individual sections and could only put it all together once on stage.
	www.balletmet.org /Notes/BAYADERE.html (2317 words)

	PeoplePlay UK - Classical Ballet
		Classical ballet developed in the late 19th century when Marius Petipa was ballet master in St Petersburg.
		Petipa’s ballets were meticulously planned and he gave detailed descriptions to both dancers and composers.
		Petipa would specify exactly how many bars of music he needed for each section of the dance.
	www.peopleplayuk.org.uk /guided_tours/dance_tour/ballet/classical.php (359 words)

	FOOTNOTES - Don Quixote
		The Spanish flair and fire is no doubt what attracted choreographar Marius Petipa to the property in the first place.
		It's more like 'broken Spanish.' Petipa's ability to import a Spanish style over the classical form was the ballet's main strength.
		The ballet version of "Don Quixote" is a testament not to the genius of Cervantes, but to that of Marius Petipa - who proves that he can create great dance out of the most unlikely of properties.
	www.soundventure.com /web/footnotes/episode11.html (1024 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Petipa Marius
		As ballet declined in Western Europe, so it flowered in Russia.
		This was primarily because a Frenchman, Marius Petipa, became not only chief...
		The Australian Ballet was founded in Melbourne in 1962, developing from a company founded by...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Petipa_Marius.html (94 words)

	Telegraph \| Arts \| Dancing in the footsteps of the masters
		The Pharaoh's Daughter was the career-making first success of Marius Petipa, the choreographer who over the next 40-odd years created most of the great Russian classics: Don Quixote, La Bayadere, The Sleeping Beauty and, in part, Swan Lake.
		Around 1900 the elderly Petipa ordered the notation of all his productions in St Petersburg; these precious texts were smuggled out of Russia by his chief balletmaster, Nikolai Sergeyev, in the 1917 Revolution.
		Modern choreographers' practice, too, suggests that Petipa might be turning in his grave at what's happened to his works - virtually all ballets made in the past 50 years are videoed and notated with their creators.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/07/19/btib19.xml&sSheet=/arts/2004/07/19/ixartright.html (1470 words)

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