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Topic: Market economy

	Historical Capitalism vs. The Free Market
		Röpke's distinction between the principle of a capitalist or market economy and the historical forms in which capitalism has manifested itself in various times is as important now in the post-Soviet socialist era of the 1990s as when he presented his argument during the zenith of Nazi socialism in the 1940s.
		As a consequence, even before all of the implications and requirements for a free-market economy could be fully appreciated and implemented in the 19th century, it was being opposed and subverted by the residues of feudal privilege and mercantilist ideology.
		And even as the proponents of the market economy were proclaiming their victory over oppressive and intrusive government in the middle of the 19th century, now forces of collectivist reaction were arising in the form of socialism and communism.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0193b.asp (1308 words)

	Criteria of Market Economy
		For example, it may be improper to mention that the UK was a market economy country in the 1990s, but not in the 1970s, an era the Labor Party was in power and a peak-hour of nationalization.
		It is also improper to mention that the US practices market economy when leasing most government enterprises to private monopolies, while Italy is not a market economy country due to its government's multilevel participation and control over enterprises through national holding companies.
		Market economy criterion is, we believe, a dialectical unity of absolutism and relativity.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /bizchina/2006-10/09/content_704183_7.htm (626 words)

	market economy. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2002
		An economy in which the greater part of production, distribution, and exchange is controlled by individuals and privately owned corporations rather than by the government, and in which government interference in the market is minimal.
		Although a total market economy is probably only theoretically possible (because it would exclude taxation and regulation of any kind), capitalist economies approximate it and socialist economies are antithetical to it (see capitalism and socialism).
		Market economies are also called free economies, free markets, or free enterprise systems.
	www.bartleby.com /59/18/marketeconom.html (178 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Free market economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy where the market is relatively free, as in an economy overseen by a government that practices a laissez-faire, rather than either a mixed or statist economic policy.
		This conception of a market as a pure economic system based on freedom from coercion among market participants as well as from government is in fundamental contrast to a command economy.
		The advocacy of relatively free markets, is a mainstay of ideologies such as minarchism, libertarianism, and 19th century liberalism, as well as the Western understanding of capitalism.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Free-market-economy (1064 words)

	Market economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Supporters of a market economy generally hold that individuals pursuing their self-interest through trade has the incidental effect of bringing about a spontaneous order that is effective in supplying the greatest abundance of goods for society and in the most efficient manner.
		The theoretical model of a large-scale free market economy does not occur legally, however the underground economy may be seen as an actualized free market economy.
		Rather, a free market economy is one where government intervention is limited to protecting property rights and maintaining a peaceful environment for the market to function (otherwise known as laissez-faire).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Market_economy (2208 words)

	Market economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A market economy is a term used to describe an economy where economic decisions, such as pricing of goods and services, are made in a decentralized manner by the economy's participants and manifested by trade.
		Although market economies are often identified with capitalism, it could be argued that the connection need not be very strong.
		An economy where both central planning and market mechanisms of production and distribution are present is known as a mixed economy.
	www.sjp.ac.lk /careers/yesl/charles/articles/Market_economy.html (394 words)

	Market Economy - Introduction
		In part, this is because the market economy is not an ideology but a set of time-tested practices and institutions about how individuals and societies can live and prosper economically.
		Market economies are, by their very nature, decentralized, flexible, practical and changeable.
		Market economies are not without their inequities and abuses -- many of them serious -- but it is also undeniable that modern private enterprise and entrepreneurial spirit, coupled with political democracy, offers the best prospect for preserving freedom and providing the widest avenues for economic growth and prosperity for all.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/market/mktec1.htm (316 words)

	S/R 37: A Green Economy Cannot Be a Market Economy (Don Fitz)
		A market economy is based on corporations, legal entities that own social wealth and compete with each other for profit.
		If you are seeing this in the context of a market economy, try imagining total economic failure and the most massive unemployment the world has ever seen.
		Market economists debate the best way to have an increase in the quantity of consumption but they never debate whether consumption should go up or down.
	www.greens.org /s-r/37/37-13.html (2708 words)

	Market economy: A Glossary of Political Economy Terms - Dr. Paul M. Johnson
		In classifying real historical economies, the level of "marketization" is not primarily an either/or issue but rather a matter of degree.
		The concept of a market presupposes the existence of certain sorts of property relations in the society involved.
		socialist economies have historically included varying proportions of "remnant" market elements in their make-up, and the theoretical possibilities for additional "hybrid" forms are numerous.
	www.auburn.edu /~johnspm/gloss/market_economy (252 words)

	Market economy - Libertarian Wiki
		A market economy is an economic system in which goods and services are traded, with the price at which goods and services are exchanged being determined by trades that occur as a result of sellers' asking prices matching buyers' bid prices.
		Germany's social market economy was one of the better functioning mixed economies, as microeconomists note that it had relativily free prices compared to other more socialist countries like the United Kingdom for much of the later 20th century.
		He believes market oriented economies are the most efficient at transmitting information on supply, demand, and the reallocation of resources, all of which are necessary to bring diverse people together for the common purpose of producing for consumption.
	libertarianwiki.org /Market_economy (3723 words)

	The Modern Market Economy and the Rule of Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At a deeper level, the core of a market economy is a free enterprise system, while the essence of a planned economy is state ownership of firms.
		We should be aware that the very essence of the modern market economy is an independent and autonomous enterprise economy based on free transactions and operated under the rule of law.
		One of the most important distinctions that separate a bad market economy from a good one is that, in a bad market economy, there exists an unhealthy relationship between the state and the economic agents (including business enterprises) due to the absence of the rule of law.
	www.oycf.org /Perspectives/5_043000/modern_market_economy_and_the_ru.htm (2820 words)

	Women & The Economy - Economic Systems
		Market economists believe that the market is sufficient to serve all aspects of human life.
		It is similar to a market economy in that the goal is growth and the dependence on the natural world is mostly ignored.
		Sustenance economies are a kind of return to a subsistence economy in which humans produce and reproduce wealth in partnership with nature.
	unpac.ca /economy/econsystems.html (1691 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics is the official term for the economy of the People's Republic of China.
		The result of this view of history is that it becomes impossible to term China to be a capitalist society without either arguing that history was regressing or to throw away Marxist theory altogether.
		So the solution that the Chinese Communist Party came upon was to redefine socialism and to argue that socialism was not incompatible with economic policies such as markets, free trade, or anything else that appears to work.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/s/so/socialist_market_economy.html (472 words)

	Market Economy
		In the free market economy the role of a state or government is essentially different from that in the free trade economy.
		Regardless of the size of politically controlled economy, in the market realm government only prescribes that the market is a public domain and forbids to misuse it just as it forbids theft and flmailing.
		The market economy based on buyer's freedom, the free market, is a nonideological economy that maximizes the individual freedom of choice, including the choice of unfostered growth.
	www.saunalahti.fi /~mhyrylai/market_economy.htm (7897 words)

	Free market - Wikinfo
		A free-market (free-trade or neo-liberal) economy is an idealized form of a market economy in which buyers and sellers are permitted to carry out transactions based on mutual agreement on price without government intervention in the form of taxes, subsidies, regulation, or government ownership of goods or services.
		The free market is considered the mainstay of ideologies such as minarchism and libertarianism and Western definitions of capitalism.
		The economic and political application of the concept of the ideal free market is known, primarily by detractors, as neoliberalism.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Free_market (1621 words)

	Oldrich Kyn: MARKET MECHANISM IN A SOCIALIST ECONOMY
		In fact the Czechoslovak economy was for a time managed only under annual plans, of which the period covered was so short that it could hardly be said to have been planned.
		The economy was hence inflexible and averse to innovation.
		A thorough analysis of the whole economy brought the conclusion that the source of these difficulties was the inadequate and obsolete system of planned management.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/okyn/OKpers/Plan_and_Market/Market_in_Soc/StAntony.htm (2370 words)

	The Market Mechanism
		A market economy is an economic system controlled, regulated, and directed by markets alone; order in the production and distribution of goods is entrusted to this self-regulating mechanism.
		The market mechanism, the operation of the forces of supply and demand, is the very heart of the market system.
		Short-term movements in purely speculative markets (the stock market, or the market for precious metals, for example) cannot be explained by the law of demand and/or the general rule of supply.
	online.bcc.ctc.edu /econ100/ksttext/markets/MARKETS.htm (6182 words)

	People's Daily Online -- China's Market Economy Status: Will Article 15 cost us another 15 years?
		The market economy status is an important concept used in determining the range of dumping at the time of conducting anti-dumping investigation.
		Thirdly, the non-market economy status denies the achievements and status quo of China's establishment of a market economy and thus tarnishes China's international image.
		US is willing to grant the market economy status to nations like India and Russia in favor of their "democratic system".
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200406/28/eng20040628_147731.html (1441 words)

	Tax Reduction and the Economy
		A healthy economy would normally be expected to generate a positive fiscal situation that presents the opportunity to remove or modify the most counterproductive features of the tax system.
		Various market participants have differing views of future market conditions and their current implications, and these views are tested by the market process over time.
		The entrepreneurial function is the nerve center of the market economy because foresight and the ability to productively use knowledge underlie all the valid assumptions made about costs and prices.
	www.house.gov /jec/fiscal/tax/reduce2.htm (4374 words)

	XV. THE MARKET: The Characteristics of the Market Economy
		The market is a process, actuated by the interplay of the actions of the various individuals cooperating under the division of labor.
		The market process is the adjustment of the individual actions of the various members of the market society to the requirements of mutual cooperation.
		The market economy must be strictly differentiated from the second thinkable--although not realizable--system of social cooperation under the division of labor; the system of social or governmental ownership of the means of production.
	www.mises.org /humanaction/chap15sec1.asp (1136 words)

	Market economy and ethics by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Even if the market economy does rest on the ordering of the individual within a determinate network of rules, it cannot make man superfluous or exclude his moral freedom from the world of economics.
		It is becoming ever so clear that the development of the world economy has also to do with the development of the world community and with the universal family of man, and that the development of the spiritual powers of mankind is essential in the development of the world community.
		For while the market economy rests on the beneficial effect of egoism and its automatic limitation through competing egoisms, the thought of just control seems to predominate in a centralized economy, where the goal is equal rights for all and proportionate distribution of goods to all.
	www.acton.org /publicat/occasionalpapers/ratzinger.html (2622 words)

	[No title]
		Writing about the physics job market can be dangerous because, like the weather in New England, "if you don't like it, just wait a while." Over the past eight years, the physics job market has steadily improved, with much of the growth due to the strong economy and the burgeoning high-tech industry.
		Recent statistics and a variety of indicators show the current physics job market in the US to be bullish.1 Much of the growth has been in industry, and physicists are increasingly being lured into a variety of fields including software and consulting.
		In a time when some sectors of the economy are in the toilet and others are doing well, you might look at moving to places where the economy is strong.
	www.lycos.com /info/job-market--economy.html (430 words)

	Socialist Market Economy (China's Economy, con'td)
		Commodity Market: In order to extend the regulatory function of the market, the state has gradually reduced the categories of products for planned production, eliminated the restriction that enterprises were only allowed tn engage in production but not in business operation, and abolished the practice of the state fixing the commodity prices.
		Enterprises may organize and establish wholesale markets and trading centers; the wholesale and retail commercial systems are being restructured; and the non-public economy is allowed to take part in commercial activities.
		At the same time a buyer's market has appeared in the commodities sector in which the supply and demand of most commodities are kept in balance, the supply of some gods exceeds the demand, price trends are steady and the guiding function of the market for producers has been strengthened.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/china/eco/socialist_market_economy.htm (764 words)

	Market Fundamentalism: Frequently Asked Questions — Longview Institute
		Market Fundamentalism is the exaggerated faith that when markets are left to operate on their own, they can solve all economic and social problems.
		Market Fundamentalism was the key idea that these two groups shared; it is the glue that has held together their coalition.
		Market Fundamentalists insist that either we let the market run everything without restraint or we will suffer a catastrophic fall in our standard of living, but they are wrong.
	www.longviewinstitute.org /projects/marketfundamentalism/mffaq (1376 words)

	Let's Try Something Radical. Like a Market Economy
		First, they have no idea that there is a critical difference between a market economy —to which they pledge their commitment—and a capitalist economy—which is what their policies in fact serve.
		A real market economy also implies a substantial degree of economic equality among its participants—no one of which can be large enough to dominate the others.
		I believe these basic principles of a market economy are highly consonant with the values and vision for a better world that most of us bring to this Summit.
	www.pcdf.org /1997/toes97.htm (1609 words)

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