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	Markhor
		The name markhor is derived from the Persian mar, a snake, and khor, eating.
		The markhor is mainly active in the early morning and late afternoon.
		The markhor as a species is classified as endangered by the IUCN (1996).
	www.angelfire.com /empire/zooempire/markhor.html (350 words)

	Markhor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Females are tan in colour with a white underbelly and a pattern of fl and white on the legs.
		Markhor are found at altitudes of 500 to 3500 metres where they eat grass, leaves, and whatever vegetative matter they can find, they often stand on their hind legs to reach the top leaves of trees.
		Females gather in herds of up to nine individuals and males are normally solitary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Markhor (248 words)

	Zoo Tycoon 2: Endangered Species: Markhor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Markhor, the largest wild goat, is a member of the goat antelope subfamily.
		The markhor is native to mountainous regions of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and northern India.
		Markhors are noted for the massive, spirally twisted horns that grow on the adult males.
	www.microsoft.com /games/zootycoon/zoo2/endangeredspecies/zoopedia_markhor.asp (359 words)

	Wildlife Trust of India - India's Premier Animal Welfare Organisation. Wildlife Conservation\|Animal Rescue ...
		The main reason for the markhor’s decline is attributed to extensive hunting by the locals, disturbance, loss of habitat due to expanding human settlements and competition from domestic livestock.
		As is this alone was not enough, markhor habitats are also facing a threat of military disturbance due to the strategic geo-political regions that the markhor occupy between India and Pakistan.
		The Kabul Markhor, (Capra falconer megaceros) the Sulaiman Markhor, (Capra falconeri jerdoni) the Kashmir or Pir Panjal Markhor, (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) and the Astor Markhor (Capra falconer falconerii).
	www.wildlifetrustofindia.org /html/news/features/050418_markhor.htm (1441 words)

	Wild Goats and Sheep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Markhor mainly inhabits the sparsely wooded mountainous regions in Northern and Western Pakistan, at an elevation of 600-3,600 m / 1,900-11,500 ft. The total world population is mainly found in Pakistan.
		In 1994 the markhor population was estimated to be approximately 700 animals (Johnson 1997), and in 1997 the population was estimated to be approximately 1,300 animals (Frisina et al.
		They are reddish-grey in color with a dark brown mid-dorsal stripe from shoulder to rump and creamy-white legs bearing conspicuous dark brown pattern on the fore part of the shank with a white knee (carpal) patch, and the dark brown spreading around the base of the fetlock.
	www.wildlifeofpakistan.com /ungulates_gs.html (6061 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-day Finding on Petition to Reclassify the ...
		The markhor is a species of wild goat that occurs in small, isolated populations in rugged, arid mountain habitats in Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
		Markhor populations have generally declined as a result of hunting, habitat modification (including logging and overgrazing), and competition with domestic livestock.
		The present range of straight-horned markhor is much reduced, owing to the extirpation of some local populations by indiscriminate hunting, habitat degradation, and competition with domestic livestock.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1999/September/Day-23/e24760.htm (1559 words)

	Central Asia: World's Largest Wild Goat Fights For Survival - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mamadshoh Qamshoev, director of the zoological laboratory in Badakhshan, tells RFE/RL that the markhor population in the region was estimated at 200 half a century ago.
		In Indian-administered Kashmir, wildlife experts have recently sighted 155 Pir Panjal markhor in 35 herds, raising hopes that the animal was not as close to extinction in the area as previously thought.
		The markhor is mainly found in the sparsely wooded mountainous regions in northern and western Pakistan.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2005/10/5D27E6CC-9862-4038-B0FE-3F359E82C958.html (930 words)

	UNEP-WCMC - Markhor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Markhor horns are used in Oriental traditional medicines.
		There is also the possibility that the Markhor will hybridise with feral goats, leading to dilution of stock and the loss of pure-bred populations of the species.
		Markhor are reported from three Nature Reserves in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Kugitang (Turkmenistan); Surkhan (Uzbekistan); and Dashti Jum (Tadjikistan).
	www.unep-wcmc.org /species/data/species_sheets/markhor.htm (622 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency
		Known as markhors, the habitat of the wild goats runs from the mountains north of the Amu Darya River in Turkmenistan, east through Afghanistan and Pakistan, and into the extreme northwestern part of India.
		The money received by the community is used to pay the salaries of six people who monitor the state of the markhor numbers, for the construction of water collecting schemes, to fund the control of diseases and to pay for the feeding needs of the local markhor population.
		Given that the markhor's horns are among the most desired of all hunting trophies, with the record horn length exceeding 1.5 metres, the need is for both Pakistan's government and the local communities around Chitral to continue to safeguard this unique symbol of Pakistan.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/sendnews.asp?idnews=21206 (967 words)

	markhor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Markhors live in small herds of between 4 and 30 individuals, grazing up to the snow line.
		The isolated populations of the different mountain ranges constitute distinct races; most are near extinction because of extensive hunting.
		The markhor is classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Artiodactyla, family Bovidae.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/markhor.html (198 words)

	Animal Info - Markhor
		The markhor occupies arid cliffside habitats in sparsely wooded mountainous regions at altitudes ranging from 700 m (2300') from November to May up to 4000 m (13,000') in the summer.
		In the spring and summer, the markhor mainly grazes on tussocks of grass.
		The markhor forages 8 - 12 hours daily, and it is usually active all day except for several hours in the middle of the day, when it rests and chews its cud.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/artiperi/caprfalc.htm (852 words)

	Status Accounts for Selected Threatened Indian Mammals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Markhor was once widespread in rugged mountain ranges within the north-western great Himalayan Chain of Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, its range also extending in a southerly arc down through the mountain ranges of Waziristan and Baluchistan in Pakistan.
		The Markhor occurs in forest steppe and Artemesia steppe country at altitudes of from 700 - 4,000 m, with access to cliffs (which form its refuge from predators) and suitable terrain below 2,200 m where temperatures are moderate in winter.
		In 1976 the total population of Markhor was estimated as 8,000, although precise estimates are difficult because of the physical and political inaccessibility of many parts of its range.
	www.wildlifeofindia.com /cites1.htm (4466 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The importance to perpetuate the population of the Markhor at community level and the local inhabitants direct involvement through interest in conservation has led to satisfactory results in achieving this objective.
		Although I had an option of hunting either of the northern population of the markhor I opted for the Astor since not many hunters that I have known had ventured into the heart of the mighty Karakorams where this animal survived.
		It was the first year that their community was in operation and all were hoping and praying for a successful hunt as this would mean considerable foreign exchange for their development schemes.
	www.zeotekinternational.com /directory/Travel_and_Leisure/The_Benefits_Of_Markhor_Hunting_In_Pakistan.html (990 words)

	Comparative Placentation
		Markhor uterus opened with immature twins in their amnions and the huge unopened allantoic sacs.
		The umbilical cords of the younger Markhor fetuses were 9 cm long.
		The amount of glycosylated hemoglobin in blood (0.425%), and glucose levels (111 mg/dl) of markhor were determined by Richter (1986).
	medicine.ucsd.edu /cpa/alpine.html (3258 words)

	* Hunting Masters - Markhor Hunting *
		Typically associated with steppic mountain conditions and regions of meager erratic rainfall, Markhor are quite adaptable ecologically, being found from 600m (2,000ft) elevation in the completely treeless hot and arid hills of southern part of the Suleiman range up to 3,600m (12,000ft) in the Himalayas in association with juniper and birch scrub forest.
		Astor Markhor is confined to Gilgit region and its real strong hold on the slopes of Nanga Parbat Massif.
		TheSulaiman Markhor hunting is Community based conservation trophy hunting project The Sulaiman Markhor are found in the Souleiman Range in Western Central Pakistan 7 hours from Quetta.
	www.huntingmasters.com /markhor (974 words)

	Hunting a Markhor @ 55,000 pounds in Pak!
		The revenue generated by auctioning the Markhor hunting licences is on the welfare of local communities.
		One of the four passionate hunters who had acquired this year's hunting licence shot down the animal with a gun after it escaped his arrows in Chitral.
		Though the law protects Markhor in Pakistan, but those who are mature and have past the breeding age are allowed to be hunted in a community-based trophy-hunting programme, while the young are spared.
	news.webindia123.com /news/Articles/Asia/20060331/293680.html (345 words)

	mrena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Markhor waves his stumps in a vie for empathic sympathy.
		Markhor rolls around on the ground in an attempt to extinguish the fire.
		Markhor continues to roll around on the ground until the flames are finally extinguished.
	www.taverntroupe.net /mrena.html (1208 words)

	Archived conservation news articles on Markhor
		Faisal Saleh Hayat presented a replica of Markhor to the envoy as a momento.
		The Markhor population on this side of LoC dropped drastically from an estimated 25,000 in 1970.
		The return of the Markhor mountain goat in the Pir Panjal â” believed to have been on the verge of extinction, at least on this side of the border â” is...
	conservation.mongabay.com /news/Markhor.htm (1360 words)

	Three markhor figurine heads from Harappa
		In addition to domestic animals, wild animals such as the markhor (wild goat) are represented in the corpus of Indus figurines.
		The markhor figurines’ distinctive long spiral horns were formed by wrapping the clay around a stick or rod while it was wet.
		Some markhor figurines from Harappa have holes at the bases of finished necks, probably for joining them to a separate body.
	www.harappa.com /figurines/40.html (81 words)

	Markhor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The markhor is perhaps the most beautiful of the wild goat family.
		The markhor is a fairly large member of the goat family reaching 3 feet at the shoulder, weighing 220 lb.
		The coat of the markhor is thick with longer hairs forming a mane on the neck and breast.
	www.alientravelguide.com /science/biology/life/animals/chordata/vertebra/mammalia/artiodac/bovidae/markhor.htm (89 words)

	National Review Online (http://www.nationalreview.com)
		The government there allows limited hunting of the rare markhor, a species of mountain goat that has long, exotic curving horns.
		At the most recent meeting of CITES, the Convention on the International Trade In Endangered Species, the Pakistani government requested that the annual quota of markhor be increased from 6 to 12.
		Today, 80 percent of the revenues from the hunting licenses for the 6 markhor go directly to a village conservation fund that is operated by the community itself.
	www.nationalreview.com /script/printpage.p?ref=/swan/swan040403.asp (829 words)

	Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is also the main habitat of the endangered woolly flying squirrel and flare-horned markhor.
		In 2001 a major multi-year wildlife survey was implemented focused on markhor, urial and other threatened species that covered over 60 valleys in the region.
		Includes holding meetings and workshops with local communities on the need for the protection of this highly endangered species and to try to stop or at least minimize negative activities like hunting and extracting gems in areas where urial are still found.
	www.wcs.org /international/Asia/pakistan/pakistanprojects (718 words)

	Hunting quota for Markhor increased -DAWN - National; April 26, 2003
		Official sources told Dawn on Friday that as a result of the successful implementation of the trophy hunting programme in the country, a recently held CITES meeting increased the hunting quota from six to 12 animals per year.
		Pakistan Markhor Conservation Programme’s implementation was quite encouraging, the sources said, adding that more communities were coming forward for grant of hunting permit which could indirectly boost the protection programme.
		The minister further said permit could only be given to those communities, which would successfully implement the protection programme of the rare animal in their respective areas, the sources said.
	www.dawn.com /2003/04/26/nat2.htm (388 words)

	A Traverse of Markhor and Needle Peaks Photo Gallery by Brad Braun at pbase.com
		After thrashing around in the bush below Markhor’s North Ridge for around an hour, accompanied by a steady stream of cursing from Paul, we finally emerged on a boulder field on the wrong side of the ridge I was heading for.
		After stopping for a short break on Markhor itself, we continued down the south side, resorting to all sorts of ungraceful methods of descending the bushy, dirty slabs.
		From the base of Markhor to the summit of Needle Peak, the route just got better and better, one of the highlights being the fun, exposed scramble into a steep notch halfway to Needle peak.
	www.pbase.com /bb/needle (393 words)

	discuss7
		There is no actual information about the Safed Koh range (Districts of Kurram and Khyber) where according to Schaller and Khan (1975) probably at least 100 animals lived on the Pakistan side of the border at the time of their survey >20 years ago.
		Schaller and Khan (1975) estimated 150 straighthorned markhor living in the Takatu hills in 1971, but later Ahmad (1989) reported that only 50 still existed in these hills, and only 100 in the area of Koh-i-Sulaiman.
		Only one protected area is known to contain straight-horned markhor in Pakistan (Table 8.5.1): Sheikh Buddin NP (previously a Wildlife Sanctuary) in Dera Ismail Khan District of N WFP (Zool.
	www.zoology.ubc.ca /courses/bio416/markhor.htm (703 words)

	Khaleej Times Online
		The markhor (Capra falconeri) is the world’s largest species of goat and is recognised by its trademark spiralling horns that can grow more than a metre long -- which also makes the animal prized for traditional Asian medicine.
		The sightings have raised hopes that the markhor is no longer as close to extinction in Kashmir as earlier thought.
		Although the new sightings were good news, conservationists said they were worried the markhor’s habitat had been divided by an electrified fence built by India to stop incursions of Islamic militants into Indian Kashmir.
	www.khaleejtimes.com /DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2005/August/subcontinent_August857.xml§ion=subcontinent (430 words)

	Swiss archer given Markhor hunting permit -DAWN - National; February 17, 2006
		The hunting of Markhor is allowed in Pakistan under the trophy hunting programme launched with the permission of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna for conservation of the animal through involvement of communities, according to Dr Malik.
		Under the programme, he said, hunting permits are auctioned to both local and foreign hunters and the revenue generated from the sale of permits is spent mostly on development of communities protecting the animal.
		He said he was impressed by the programme launched in Pakistan for conservation of Suleman Markhor.
	www.dawn.com /2006/02/17/nat23.htm (412 words)

	Kashmir Markhor :: Capra falconeri cashmiriensis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A large markhor with massive horns that usually are the longest of the species.
		Typically, Kashmir markhor horns have slight to moderate flare with 2-3 spiral twists.
		Most horns within its distribution range are of this type; however, straighter horns of the kabul type have occurred in the Chitral District.
	www.wildsheep.org /sheep/capra/kashmir_markhor.htm (127 words)

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