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Topic: Markovnikovs rule

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	Markovnikov's rule at AllExperts
		In chemistry, Markovnikov's rule is an observation based on Zaitsev's rule.
		Therefore when a molecule of the form HX (where X is more electronegative than H) is added in an addition reaction to a carbon-carbon double bond, the H is added to the less substituted carbon atom, while the X is added to the more substituted.
		The rule may be summed up by quoting that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, in that a carbon rich in substituents will get more substituents and the carbon with more hydrogens attached will get the hydrogen in case of many different organic addition reactions.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/ma/markovnikov's_rule.htm (460 words)

	Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov
		Markovnikov studied chemistry under Butlerov[?] in Kazan and Saint Petersburg.
		Markovnikov is best known for predicting the regiochemistry of addition reactions of hydrogen halides[?], sulfuric acid, water, ammonia, and other (small) molecules to unsymmetrical alkenes.
		Markovnikov also showed that butyric acid and isobutyric acid[?] are isomers (they do have the same chemical formula but different structures).
	www.factspider.com /vl/vladimir-vasilevich-markovnikov.html (323 words)

	Markovnikov's Rule and Acid Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes
		The rule applies to ClBr, ICl or hypohalous addition, acid catalyzed hydration of alkenes, and hydrohalogenation. E.g., in acid catalyzed hydration of alkenes the reagent in the balanced equation is simply H
		Markovnikov's Rule predicts correctly that the acid catalyzed hydration of alkenes is regioselective in that the more highly substituted alcohol is very predominant.
		Quite unsatisfactory in this treatment is that a practically simple example illustrating the Markovnikov's Rule cannot answer the question of what the reagent that the rule is all about, actually is. Neither can it point to the catalyst of this supposedly catalytic reaction.
	physics.usc.edu /~vongehr/chem_html/Mark.html (815 words)

	Markovnikov's rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The chemical basis for Markovnikov's Rule is the formation of the most stable carbocation (pronounced 'carbo cat ion') during the addition process.
		One the organic reactions Markovnikov based his rule on (first performed in 1865) was that of hydrogen iodide with vinylbromide.
		In another manifestation of his rule he observed that the halogen atom added to the carbon atom already carrying an halogen atom Geminal halide hydrolysis of the initial reaction product with moist silver oxide to ethanal proved the 1,1 substitution pattern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Markovnikovs_Rule (458 words)

	Ch 6: Markovnikov's rule
		This is an empirical rule based on Markovnikov's experimental observations which states that :
		Although Markovnikov's rule is specifically applied to the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes, many additions are also described as Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov depending on the regioselectivity of the addition reaction.
		In more general terms, Markovnikov's rule can be "modernised" to cover other addition reactions by considering that the electrophile adds to the least substituted end of the alkene giving rise to the more stable intermediate.
	www.jergym.hiedu.cz /~canovm/alkeny/ae/m.htm (273 words)

	Mark Did You Mean mark? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It was ruled by a markgraf, or "Margrave".
		To mark in association football (or soccer) is to have a player follow an opposing striker or other prominent player, and attempt to prevent them getting control of the ball and/or scoring.
		A mark in Australian Rules Football is a "clean" catch from a kick by another player, from either team.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Mark.html (964 words)

	Markovnikov's Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Markovnikov Rule predicts the regiochemistry of HX addition to unsymmetrically substituted alkenes.
		The halide component of HX bonds preferentially at the more highly substituted carbon, whereas the hydrogen prefers the carbon which already contains more hydrogens.
		Some reactions do not follow Markovnikov's Rule, and anti-Markovnikov products are isolated.
	www.organic-chemistry.org /namedreactions/markovnikovs-rule.shtm (148 words)

	organic chem question - Student Doctor Network Forums
		Chlorine still is subject to anti-markovnikov addition- the intermediate stability is not affected by the type of halogen, its the location of the C+.
		This is a clear mistake and it probably confuses a lot of people who use DAT Achiever.
		The overall rule is that Br2 and light goes by the Markovnikov rule.
	forums.studentdoctor.net /showthread.php?p=4211539 (1166 words)

	The Chem 332 Organic Journal Club (TOJC) Archive: December 1997: Re: Markovnikov TOJC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Chem 332 Organic Journal Club (TOJC) Archive: December 1997: Re: Markovnikov TOJC
		the exception to the rule is when addition of HBr to an alkene in the
		presents of peroxides in which case it is anti-markovnikovs rule the
	rainier.chem.plu.edu /archive/tojclog_332_9712/0162.html (118 words)

	Chemometrics on calculated reaction pathways (IRC)
		In general, these kinetically controlled additions follow Markovnikov's rule, which in its simplest form, is that hydrogen adds to the ethylenic carbon which has more hydrogen atoms.
		The usual rationalization of Markovnikovs (M) rule is based on the stability of this intermediate.
		The anti-Markovnikov reaction (AM) is then disfavored since the AM reaction path involves a primary carbocation, whereas the M reaction path involves a more stable secondary carbocation.
	pcf1.chembio.ntnu.no /~bka/research/IRC/irc.html (3157 words)

	Chem 341 MT2 2003
		B and C have the wrong alkyl groups, D has the wrong stereochemistry.
		Markovnikovs rule can be applicable (but not always)....
		reactions that go via C+ due to H+ adding to the C=C will follow Markovnikovs rule.
	www.chem.ucalgary.ca /undergrad/courses/f03/chem341/exams/341mt2-03-sol.html (870 words)

	Oregon State Chemistry - Chemistry 130 - Latest News
		After class on Tuesday, April 10, there was more interest in "Mark's Rule."
		Markovnikov's rule (formulated by the Russian chemist Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov) (1870)
		Modern mechanistic knowledge indicates reaction occurs via protonation to give the more stable carbocation:
	www.chemistry.oregonstate.edu /courses/ch130/latestnews/ch130ln.htm (4560 words)

	OCHEM Crossword
		what rule do we use for signal splitting
		the n + 1 rule, where n equals the number of equivalent H atoms seperated by three or fewer bonds
		if you want to hydrate a double bond in a Markovnikov orientation, what two methods would u use
	www.studystack.com /Crossword.jsp?studyStackId=16770 (1069 words)

	OCHEM Hangman
		what rule do we use for signal splitting
		the n + 1 rule, where n equals the number of equivalent H atoms seperated by three or fewer bonds
		if you want to hydrate a double bond in a Markovnikov orientation, what two methods would u use
	www.studystack.com /hangman-16770 (2125 words)

	VOH // Questions and Answers for 130A
		Professor: 1: when using peracid to make an epoxide out of alkenes, does the oxygen go to the carbon with the most hydrogens, in other words, does it follow Markovnikovs regiochemistry?
		Is this only with water, or does this rule apply to any and all types of additions?
		the rules do not change from alkene to alkyne; cation is cation; since the cation can be attacked on either side, then it doesnt change here with the alkyne; regarding the regiochem, it still remains markovnikov (ie more stable cation) and so that doent change either 3.
	voh.chem.ucla.edu /vohtar/spring00/130A/qa.html (6720 words)

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