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Topic: Markup (computing)

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markup business

Standard Generalized Markup Language

Wireless Markup Language

Wiki markup

List of markup languages

Lightweight markup language

Handheld Device Markup Language

Facial Expression Markup Language

eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language

Conflict Resolution Markup Lanugage

markup elements in HTML

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	Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly Text Processing
		Markup is exposed when the system shows the markup as it occurs in the source file, that is, without performing any special formatting.
		Moreover, the markup selection for the termination of an element type (where necessary) is short-circuited by the convention of using a standard affix for the markup that was just selected to initiate the element.
		Descriptive markup allows the targets of editing operations to be not only characters, words, and lines but also the actual text-element tokens, the regions of text that fall within the scope of a particular markup tag.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/coombs.html (11553 words)

	Theoretical Issues in Text Encoding: A Critical Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Others argue that all markup is interpretative, but this is not a problem: markup allows scholars to express an interpretation of a text, advancing theories, and exposing their interpretations to criticism.
		Markup theorists have used a number of terms for kinds of markup, such as explicit, implicit, procedural, presentational, punctuational, descriptive, prescriptive, and authorial.
		Conventions of scribal markup are semantically ambiguous, and underspecification and ambiguity are common in human language.
	eprg.isrl.uiuc.edu /markuptheory/abstract/poster.html (1189 words)

	Markup language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "markup" is derived from the traditional publishing practice of "marking up" a manuscript, that is, adding symbolic printer's instructions in the margins of a paper manuscript.
		A familiar example of manual markup symbols still in use is proofreader's marks, which are a subset of larger vocabularies of handwritten markup symbols.
		The idea of "markup languages" was apparently first presented by publishing executive William W. Tunnicliffe at a conference in 1967, although he preferred to call it "generic coding." Tunnicliffe would later lead the development of a standard called GenCode for the publishing industry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Markup_(computing) (2869 words)

	Markup and Style: History and Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A markup language is a notation system for describing documents in which the text of documents is intermixed with markup: annotations that describe aspects of the structure or format of a document.
		Markup languages are typically used to define the source documents for document processors; the document processor transforms the markup into a suitable output representation for printing or display.
		HTML is Hypertext Markup Language, based on the core syntax of SGML, but using a fixed set of markup elements based on hypertext presentation.
	www.cs.sfu.ca /~cameron/Teaching/470/markup1.html (470 words)

	The Nature of Linguistic Data and the Requirements of a Computing Environment for Linguistic Research
		As the decade of the 80s dawned, virtually no OWLs were using computers, but the personal computer revolution was just beginning and it was possible to foresee its impact on our discipline (Simons 1980).
		One of these is keyboarding: a multilingual computing environment would know that part of the definition of a language is its conventions for keyboarding, and would automatically switch keyboard layouts based on the language of the datum under the system cursor.
		The TEI proposal for markup of linguistic analysis depends heavily on feature structures; see Langendoen and Simons (1995) for a description of the approach and a discussion of its rationale.
	www.sil.org /computing/computing_environment.html (6291 words)

	Possibility of Semantic Web Without Unicode Markup
		Therefore, what we need is a binary markup between artificial agents, and a translation between binary markup and UI for us to see the structure and semantics.
		Unicode markup is possibly required for programmers to give structure, and for data exchange between heterogeneous systems.
		Computers had demonstrated their potential that they can `read' and `reply' more efficiently as databases, and programmers had demonstrated that they can manage databases easily.
	www.gnu.org /software/gnowsys/GNOWSYS_files/cpv2/node9.html (630 words)

	X+V is a markup language, not a Roman math expression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The markup language for the user interface is called the presentation layer of the application.
		In fact, the only thing you still need is a way to tell the browser which snippets of voice markup go with which visual elements, and (because a speech engine can only have one snippet active at a time) when to activate each snippet of voice markup.
		The visual markup for the departure city field is denoted in green, the voice markup is in red, and the event that ties them together is in purple.
	www.ibm.com /developerworks/library/wi-xvlanguage (3061 words)

	markup - a definition from Whatis.com
		Markup refers to the sequence of characters or other symbols that you insert at certain places in a text or word processing file to indicate how the file should look when it is printed or displayed or to describe the document's logical structure.
		There is now a standard markup definition for document structure (or really a description of how you can define markup) in the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
		Markup can be inserted by the document creator directly by typing the symbols in, by using an editor and selecting prepackaged markup symbols (to save keystrokes), or by using a more sophisticated editor that lets you create the document as you want it to appear (this is called a WYSIWYG editor).
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,289893,sid9_gci212527,00.html (224 words)

	[No title]
		It is based on the generic markup of the structural elements of a document without regard to their presentation, which is regarded as a separate issue.
		The need for such a standard has become urgent in the fields of computational lexicology, lexicography, and linguistics with the rapid dispersion of copies of several different machine-readable dictionaries and extensive research on the applications of such dictionaries.
		In early 1986, the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) was published as an international standard for the structuring of documents.
	elib.cs.sfu.ca /Collections/CMPT/MajorBibs/beebe-bib/sgml.bib (2408 words)

	Multilingual Markup of Digital Library Texts Using XML, TEI and XSLT
		The main reason for this initiative is that markup schemes usually are defined in English and there is a large community of users who do not use the English language so fluently and then lose its meaning.
		If the markup scheme is translated to the users' language, the process of assimilating and controlling its use will be accelerated and the production of marked-up texts will increase, with the corresponding reduction of costs.
		A risk to be avoided, if the advantages of using a standard widely accepted markup scheme are to be preserved, is the development of alternative markup schemes in different languages which may evolve independently from the central standard.
	www.idealliance.org /papers/dx_xmle03/papers/03-01-03/03-01-03.html (2365 words)

	Retail Sales Calculator
		The default method is percentage of markup from retail sales; the default required entries are costs of goods sold and dollar markup value.
		Dollar markup value is the profit expressed in actual dollars and is the dollar difference between the retail sales price and the cost of goods sold.
		Markup, defined as the percentage added to cost to arrive at a selling price, is commonly used to price materials.
	www.csgnetwork.com /retailsalescalc.html (465 words)

	Pharmaceutical Computing & Computers glossary
		Amorphous computing is inspired by the recent astonishing developments in molecular biology and in microfabrication.
		Computers whose input, output and state transitions are carried out by biochemical interactions and reactions.
		The idea of a computational device based on quantum mechanics was first explored in the 1970's and early 1980's by physicists and computer scientists such as Charles H.
	www.genomicglossaries.com /content/computers.asp (5185 words)

	The Nature of Linguistic Data: Using Text Encoding
		SGML and XML are the most widely used markup languages, and the TEI is an example of a widely accepted encoding scheme developed specifically for linguistic and literary data.
		The discipline of using markup codes in a text to describe the function or purpose of the elements in the text, rather than their formatting.
		SGML (for Standard Generalized Markup Language) is a method for generalized markup that has been adopted by ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and has consequently gaining widespread use in the world of computing.
	www.sil.org /computing/routledge/simons/text.html (726 words)

	Percentage markup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If the mercant bought an item for $10.00 and sold it for $14.00 then the markup on this item is $4.00.
		Thus the percentage markup on this item is 40%.
		For another example suppose the merchant bought the item for $35.12 and she sold it for $49.95 then the markup is $49.95-$35.12=$14.83 As a fraction of her cost the markup is 14.83/35.12 = 0.422.
	mathcentral.uregina.ca /QQ/database/QQ.09.98/coffey1.html (127 words)

	Application hosting for pervasive computing
		Essentially, transcoding is necessary whenever two computer systems that are not completely compatible need to communicate (such as a client computer running a browser and a server providing marked-up content).
		In addition to the actual application and the delivery path associated with it, a further element that had to be put in place as part of this service offering is the capability to subscribe users, manage their personal data, and configure their user devices accordingly.
		This is necessary because of the growing variety of end-user devices that require device-specific content due to different markup languages, a diverging set of device features that need to be integrated into the application, and a different usage and interaction model.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/401/hild.html (9209 words)

	What is Outline Processor Markup Language? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Outline Processor Markup Language (OPML) is an XML-based format that allows exchange of outline-structured information between applications running on different operating systems and environments.
		The purpose of this format is to provide a way to exchange information between outliners (programs that allow you to read, edit and reorganize outlines) and Internet services that can be browsed or controlled through an outliner.
		OPML is "Outline Processor Markup Language" and is a very simple XML format for storing information in outline format.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/O/Outline_Processor_Markup_Language.html (215 words)

	alphaWorks : Bean Markup Language : Overview
		His research is centered around application frameworks for building network computing applications in Java.
		Weerawarana represents IBM on the W3C XSL working group and is using XSL in developing better user interface tools that support the separation of content and style.
		He was previously (since 1994) a visiting assistant professor of Computer Sciences at Purdue University.
	www.alphaworks.ibm.com /formula/bml (601 words)

	Cover Pages: Opsware and EDS Launch Data Center Markup Language (DCML) for Utility Computing.
		Because automation and utility computing systems require a common understanding of the environment under management, DCML is a necessary precursor for realizing the benefits of utility computing.
		Summary: The Data Center Markup Language (DCML) Organization is "an independent, open, vendor neutral industry consortium dedicated to designing a new specification that will control data center complexity, reduce the cost of managing data centers and provide a foundation to enable utility computing.
		Data Center Markup Language Proposed by 25 Companies." By Ed Scannell.
	xml.coverpages.org /ni2003-10-14-a.html (2428 words)

	XMLMap on Computing (1/4) - exploring XML - webreference.com
		With public and private computer networks becoming larger and more diversified, directory services are needed to be able to locate machines and services.
		Directory Services Markup Language version 2 is an XML application that provides a method for expressing directory queries, updates, and the results of these operations.
		The Directory Services Markup Language v1.0 provides a means for representing directory structural information as an XML document.
	www.webreference.com /xml/column80 (692 words)

	STSC CrossTalk - Introduction to the User Interface Markup Language - Jan 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While hardware vendors have given us a rich array of computing devices - PDAs with wireless connectivity, cell phones, even the telephone - the promise of these devices in providing portable and easy-to-use access to data is difficult to realize using conventional software development tools.
		It would need to be flexible enough to describe user interfaces using widely different metaphors such as graphic user interfaces, voice interfaces, interfaces for automotive on-board computers with unconventional interaction devices, and interfaces for devices not yet invented such as those embedded in soldiers' uniforms.
		This makes it easier to use a wide range of computing devices in software applications, and results in user interfaces that are much more easily adapted to new computing devices as they emerge on the market.
	www.stsc.hill.af.mil /crosstalk/2005/01/0501Shuster.html (3173 words)

	Secure Computing
		Did you know that when you connect a computer to the Internet, it is usually scanned by hackers within the first few minutes to discover whether it can be broken into?
		Having your computer on Stanford's network means you are vulnerable to these hackers as well.
		There are a number of basic steps that every computer user can and should take to make their computers safer.
	www.stanford.edu /group/security/securecomputing (328 words)

	Omniseek: /Computing /Data Formats /Markup Languages /VRML /
		Markup Languages specify the meaning and structure of a document instead of how it looks.
		For example, in a markup language, the title is explicitly marked as the title, instead of simply being centered or triple spaced.
		This IETF draft expired in September 1995, and is being replaced by several smaller documents, which are at present unfinished.
	www.omniseek.com /srch/{20715} (438 words)

	markup - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Markup : Deardorff's Glossary of International Economics [home, info]
		noun: detailed stylistic instructions for typesetting something that is to be printed; manual markup is usually written on the copy (e.g.
		Phrases that include markup: extensible markup language, chemical markup language, generalized markup language, virtual reality markup language, hypertext markup language html, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=markup (233 words)

	HTML - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		HTML is defined in formal specifications that were developed and published throughout the 1990s, inspired by Tim Berners-Lee's prior proposals to graft hypertext capability onto a homegrown SGML-like markup language for the Internet.
		The first published specification for a language called HTML was drafted by Berners-Lee with Dan Connolly, and was published in 1993 by the IETF as a formal "application" of SGML (with an SGML Document Type Definition defining the grammar).
		Most graphical e-mail clients allow the use of a subset of HTML (often ill-defined) to provide formatting and semantic markup capabilities not available with plain text, like emphasized text, block quotations for replies, and diagrams or mathematical formulas that couldn't easily be described otherwise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypertext_markup_language (5297 words)

	developerWorks : Self-managing autonomic technology
		New in Inside Autonomic Computing blog: Integrien integrates a Common Base Event adapter, the EU spends to develop self-configuring automotive systems, and much more in the blog this week.
		New in the Inside Autonomic Computing blog: Read about the survey that shows some trepidation on "out of control" automation, how T-Mobile taps IBM virtualization for effective IT automation, and much more in this blog.
		Doing away with manual, real-time management: Discover IBM's place in the on demand service culture, and see how automated management forms an important part and why autonomic computing is a key element.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/autonomic (244 words)

	Web Services: Irreconcilable Differences In the Marriage of Distributed Computing and Document Markup Technologies? > ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There's a natural disconnect between people steeped in document processing and markup applications and people whose roots are in distributed object-oriented middleware technology.
		The ultimate success or failure of Web services may well revolve around the question of whether or not the differences can be reconciled between the markup and distributed object communities.
		XML is a document markup language that shares a common heritage with the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)—the language used to create Web pages.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=27401 (700 words)

	Cover Pages: Websign Markup Language Supports Ubiquitous, Location-Aware Computing. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Websign Markup Language (WsML), an XML application, is used to express the binding semantics: the Web servers host WsML for mobile devices to download over a cellular wireless connection.
		For a number of reasons, the development team "chose to define a new, simple markup language instead of using the, another XML application, to bind complex geospatial areas to URLs.
		To keep mathematical computation manageable in a PDA, for example, they bind a URL to a simple point with a surrounding square area as the access zone.
	xml.coverpages.org /ni2001-08-07-a.html (617 words)

	API Markup Language Specification
		The Java Speech API Markup Language (JSML) is a text format used by applications to annotate text input to speech synthesizers.
		JSML defines elements that describe the structure of a document, provide pronunciations of words and phrases, indicate phrasing, emphasis, pitch and speaking rate, and control other important speech characteristics.
		JSML is designed to be simple to learn and use, to be portable across different synthesizers and computing platforms, and to applicable to a wide range of languages.
	java.sun.com /products/java-media/speech/forDevelopers/JSML/index.html (160 words)

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