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Topic: Maronite

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	The Maronite Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Not only did the Maronite clergy practice ascetic ideals but the Maronite people also were ascetic in one or another of these ways: asceticism and working on the land; asceticism and the quest for knowledge; and asceticism and martyrdom.
		With this encyclopedia, the Maronite Church which founded a distinct culture, is now defining its identity throughout 15 centuries of Church history, the history of Lebanon and that of the Orient.
		The Maronites are part of the history of man. This encyclopedia is challenging the collective memory of the Maronite nation, the only medium capable of "tackling" the memory of a people.
	www.mari.org /JMS/october99/The_Maronite_Encyclopedia.htm (1574 words)

	Maronite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maronites (Marunoye ܐܶܝܢܘܪܡ in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of the Latin-Rite Catholic Church.
		The Maronites, because of their monastic origin, were able to withstand intense pressure and even persecution to preserve their Church, not just by the Muslims, but also by separated brethren such as the Orthodox and Churches of the East, as well as efforts at Latinization from Rome.
		The head of the Maronite Church is the Maronite Patriarch of Antioch, who is elected by the bishops of the Maronite church and now resides in Bkirki, north of Beirut.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maronite (1404 words)

	Info and facts on 'Maronite' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Maronites (Marunoye ܐܶܝܢܘܪܡ in Syriac (additional info and facts about Syriac), Mawarinah in Arabic (The Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects)) are members of one of the Eastern Rites (additional info and facts about Eastern Rites) of the Catholic (A member of a Catholic church) church.
		In 685 the Maronites found themselves isolated from the Byzantine Empire (A continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395) and decided to appoint their own Patriarch (Any of the early Biblical characters regarded as fathers of the human race), St.
		The two residing eparchies in the United States have issued their own "Maronite Census." The Census is designed to estimate approximately how many Maronites reside in the United States due to their emigrations to that country.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/maronite.htm (1277 words)

	About Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Maronites moved to Cyprus from the ancient territories of Syria, the Holy Land and Lebanon in four principal migrations between the eighth and the thirteenth centuries.
		Many Maronites had died during the defence of the island, many more had either been massacred or taken as slaves, many others had dispersed throughout the island to escape persecution, and those who remained in their villages found themselves in a pitiable condition (Cirilli 1898: 14-15).
		Although the Maronites are educated in Greek schools and speak fluent Greek, they have their own Arabic language, they practice their own Catholic Maronite religion, they use the Aramaic language in their liturgy and they have their own culture and customs.
	www.cyprus.gov.cy /cyphome/govhome.nsf/0/4A39EAF9EAC8E0A6C2256FC8003AED31?OpenDocument&languageNo=1 (1923 words)

	North Cyprus: Maronite-Cypriot Community
		According to the medieval bishop William of Tyre, the Maronite patriarch sought union with the Latin patriarch of Antioch in 1182.
		Maronites are also found in Southern Europe [notably in France and Cyprus], and North and South America, having emigrated in the 19th century.
		The Spoken Arabic Dialect Of The Maronites Of Cyprus
	www.cypnet.com /.ncyprus/people/cypmaronites (644 words)

	Maronite Church
		The liturgy was developed inside the Maronite Church prior to the affiliation to Rome in the 12th century, but Roman Catholic elements have been introduced.
		Late 7th century With the arrival of Islam in Syria, the Maronites leave for the Lebanon mountains, under the leadership of Joannes Maro (or John Maron), their patriarch of Antioch.
		1585: The Maronite College is established in Rome by the pope and is administered by Jesuits.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/maronite.htm (637 words)

	Welcome to the Maronite Church! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the Maronite Church, the Holy Spirit is the Principal Minister, and the celebrant is the instrument.
		In the Maronite Church, the Anaphora is a prayer of praise to the Trinity during which, by the overshadowing of the Spirit, bread and wine are transformed into the Sacred Mysteries.
		A: The Maronite church is fully Catholic and in communion with John Paul II, the Pope of Rome.
	www.saintephrem.org /Welcome.html (2321 words)

	A Visit to Some of the Maronite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Being given as assistant, a Maronite boy of eighteen who spoke English well, we planned an excursion together into the Maronite Villages, which I was anxious to see, to clean and restore the wall paintings and eikons in their churches.
		The village is partly Maronite and partly Turkish.
		It is unfortunately noticeable that in the towns the Maronite is regarded as the peasant church and that as the people rise in the world they are apt to leave their own rite for the Latin.
	www.mari.org /JMS/april99/A_Visit_to_Some_of_the_Maronite.htm (1775 words)

	Read about Maronite at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Maronite and learn about Maronite here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Centered near Emesa in Syria, the Maronites remained orthodox in the 5th and 6th centuries despite the strength of the
		Maronites gained self-rule under the French mandate of Lebanon in 1920 and secured their position in the independent Lebanon in
		Maronite Patriarch of Antioch, who is elected by the bishops of the Maronite church and now resides in Jounieh north of Beirut.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Maronite (891 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Maronite signals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Maronite bishops, who not long ago sent shock waves through the country for openly calling on Syria to withdraw its troops from Lebanon, accusing Damascus of undermining its smaller neighbour's independence, hailed Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad's speech at the Sharm El-Sheikh Arab summit last week.
		Similarly positive were remarks by the Maronite League, a group of politicians from the sect, who declared that the bishops' praise for the Syrian leader "opened a new page in Lebanese-Syrian relations".
		The implications of engaging Bkirki, the seat of the Maronite Church, in dialogue with Damascus or the president himself are enormous owing to the church's influence over opposition groups and parties -- with the exception of the staunchly anti- Syrian former Lebanese Army General Michel Aoun.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/629/re4.htm (885 words)

	The Maronites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For three centuries the Maronites were cut off from the rest of the world, blockaded with in their mountains; and when the Crusaders swarmed into the East, their discovery of the Maronites came as a surprise.
		The Maronites were even able to undertake the construction of a number of Churches, an activity which Patriarch DOUAIHY recorded as follows: ”At that time, Christianity spread throughout the East and was openly proclaimed.
		In 1786, the Maronite Synod of Bishops declared that Bkerki should be a dependency of the residence at Kannoubine.
	www.bkerke.org.lb /themaronites.html (6009 words)

	Maronite Synod Views 'Tragedy of Emigration' As a 'Blessing'
		BEIRUT -- The Maronite Patriarchal Synod endorsed a text on Maronites in the Diaspora, asserting that the "tragedy of emigration" will turn into a "blessing" for the Maronite church and community because of the outreach missions and the successes of Maronites abroad.
		Participants have placed the text, which received 78.59 percent of votes, into the file of the Maronite identity as "an essential part of the Maronite Church's presence and message." Voting is computerized and is made through a machine placed in front of every bishop and diocese representative.
		The Synod's aim is to discover the Maronite heritage and traditions to consolidate the Maronite identity, perform the required renewal in ecclesiastic life and confirm the unity of the Maronite church.
	www.aina.org /news/20041020143224.htm (509 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Lebanon / Glossary
		The largest Christian sect in Lebanon, the Maronite Church is one of a group of Christian churches known as Uniate, which are in full communion with the Holy See in Rome but are separately organized and adhere to an Eastern rite.
		Maronites settled in the mountains of northern Lebanon in the mid-seventh century; many continue to live there and in East Beirut.
		Maronites tend to be better educated and wealthier than other segments of Lebanese society.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/lebanon/lb_glos.html (1209 words)

	Cypriot Maronite Arabic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Probably the most divergent of all Arabic dialects is Cypriot Maronite Arabic, still spoken by most of the 130 elderly Maronite Catholics in Kormakiti (Korucam) in Northern Cyprus, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea.
		Brought to the island by Maronites fleeing Lebanon at least 700 years ago, this unique variety of Arabic has been very heavily influenced by Greek in both phonology and vocabulary, while retaining certain unusually archaic features in other respects.
		The Spoken Arabic Dialect Of The Maronites Of Cyprus, George Thomas 2000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cypriot_Maronite_Arabic (185 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Maronites
		The Maronite Church is divided into nine dioceses: Gibail and Batrun (60,000 souls); Beirut and one part of the Lebanon (50,000); Tyre and Sidon (47,000); Baalbek and Kesraouan (40,000); Tripoli (35,000); Cyprus and another part of the Lebanon (30,000); Damascus and Hauran (25,000); Aleppo and Cilicia (5000); Egypt (7000).
		The Maronite mountaineers preserved a relative autonomy between the Byzantine emperors, on the one hand, who reconquered Antioch in the tenth century, and, on the other hand, the Mussulmans.
		The Maronite Church owes much to him: his firmness of character and the loftiness of his aims had the utmost possible effect in lessening the evil consequences and breaking the shock of these conflicts.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09683c.htm (5187 words)

	History of the Maronites
		The Maronite Patriarch was the only Christian religious leader who did not require a decree from the Sultan to validate his election as head of a Church within the Ottoman Empire.
		The Maronites follow a rich liturgical observance at the heart of which is the celebration of the Divine Liturgy.
		The Maronite College in Rome and the missionaries (Franciscan and Jesuit) in Lebanon continued the latinisation of the Maronite Rite and they were opposed to any reform so as to maintain their strong tie with the See of Rome.
	www.tanbourit.com /religion.htm (902 words)

	Maronite Sacred Music
		The texts are in the Maronite dialect of Arabic, but the melodies are Syriac or of Syriac origin.
		In the Maronite chant, improvisation is similar to that in Arabic-Persian music and in the popular music of the Near East.
		Traditionally, only four instruments are used in the Maronite Church: double cymbals, the large cymbal, the naqus and the maraweh.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/arts/music/Lebanese/Maronite/Maronite.htm (2153 words)

	Maronite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1860 Maronites clashed with Druze until French intervention and Ottoman diplomacy stopped that.
		In 1866 Youssef Karam led a Maronite uprising in Mount Lebanon against governor Dawood Pasha.
		European intervention led to his exile to Algeria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maronites (1404 words)

	Maronites- What is Maronite? Catholic Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the seventh century, during the conflict with the Arabs, the patriarchs of Antioch moved to Constantinople and were appointed by the emperor, thus leaving the Chalcedonians in Syria without a patriarch.
		By the mid-eighth century, most Maronites had moved to Lebanon and established a tightly-knit Christian society presided over even in temporal affairs by the patriarch.
		The Crusades brought the Maronites into direct contact with the West, and in 1215 the Maronite patriarch participated in the Fourth Lateran Council and later received the pallium from Pope Innocent III.
	www.maronite-heritage.com /html/maronites.html (275 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Maronite [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		de:Maronitenja:マロン派 Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܶܐ in Syriac, Mawarinah in Arabic) are members of one of the Eastern Rites of the Catholic church.
		In 678 Maronites found themselves isolated from the Byzantine Empire and decided to appoint their own patriarch, John Maron, who had been a bishop of Batroun.
		However, from 1585-1635 Druze warlord Fakhr-al-Din II conquered and ruled the Greater Lebanon until he was defeated by Ottoman forces and executed at Constantinople on April 13, 1635.
	encyclozine.com /Maronite (962 words)

	TRADITIONNEL MARONITE CHANT
		The traditional instrumental accompaniment is limited to four metallic percussion instruments, the use of which is reserved for a number of solemn occasions and to certain joyful liturgical periods (Christmas, Easter, etc...).
		The various salient features of traditionnal Maronite Chants prove them to be, after all is said and done, a communal liturgical form of singing, austerely and hieratically monastic in cast, generally calm in character, mderate in tempo, simple in demeanour and straightforward in structure.
		Traditionnel Maronite singing is congregational and A Cappella, and the poetry is in syriac (a branch of aramaic).
	www.keyrouz.com /engmaronite.html (369 words)

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