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	Kokoda Track Campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Having established the strength of the defending forces, and with the strategically vital supply base and airstrip at Kokoda within his grasp, Tsukamoto deemed the track to be practicable for a full scale overland assault against Port Moresby.
		The defeat of the 21st Brigade at Brigade Hill finally ended Maroubra Force's defence of the Kokoda Track as a cohesive unit and was a decisive victory for the Japanese.
		Meanwhile, the worn-out soldiers of Maroubra Force were relieved by the 25th Brigade commanded by Brigadier Ken Eather and the 16th Brigade (of the Australian 6th Division) commanded by Brigadier John Lloyd.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kokoda_Track_Campaign (3248 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kokoda Track (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 5th Sasebo Landing Force — a 500-strong Japanese marine battalion — commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Hatsuo Tsukamoto led a reconnaissance in force along the Kokoda Track, and encountered the Australian troops, deployed near Kokoda.
		Having established the inferior strength of the defending forces and with the strategically vital supply base and airstrip at Kokoda within his grasp, Tsukamoto deemed the track to be practicable for a full scale overland assault against Port Moresby.
		Maroubra Force was the name given to the Australian infantry force that defended Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea from the Japanese advance along the Kokoda Track during World War II.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kokoda-Track (3846 words)

	Maroubra Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Maroubra Force successfully fought a month long delaying action through the debilitating terrain of the Owen Stanley Range, before being reinforced and finally driving off the Japanese just outside of Port Moresby.
		Maroubra Force, Lt-Col. Honner, and Brigadier Potts were instrumental in the successful defence of Australia, and indeed Brigadier Potts is often cited as "The man who saved Australia".
		The actions of Maroubra Force (and Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher in the Battle of the Coral Sea) preserved Australia from threatened invasion during its darkest hour.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Maroubra-Force.htm (416 words)

	2002 History Conference - Remembering 1942 [Australian War Memorial]
		Potts’s lot was to be commander of Maroubra Force, a group that was to face overwhelming odds, under atrocious conditions with minimal logistic support.
		Maroubra Force was formed around the units of 30th Brigade and in the space of less than two months was to have six changes of command.
		Potts’s appointment as commander of Maroubra Force as the commander of the incoming AIF brigade can be justified, but the frequent changes of command must have made it very difficult to develop a cohesive force.
	www.awm.gov.au /events/conference/2002/gower.htm (4336 words)

	Kokoda Trail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Japanese landed on the north coast of Papua New Guinea at Gona, with a force of 1500 men on July 21, 1942.
		A small Australian force known as "Maroubra Force", arrived at Buna on July 21st, 1942.
		The Australians were completely outnumbered and were forced to begin a long fighting withdrawal over the next two months.
	www.paralumun.com /warkokodatrail.htm (194 words)

	Kokoda Track - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Brigadier Potts took command of Maroubra Force, and using the screen provided by the 39th Battalion, deployed the 2/14th and 2/16th Battalions.
		As a result, Maroubra Force endured 4-days of violent frontal attacks until casualties mounted and ammunition ran low before finally withdrawing towards Nauro and Menari.
		Allen's orders were stunningly ignorant of the true situation facing Maroubra Force, but Brigadier Potts knew only too well the overwhelming superiority of numbers fielded against him.
	www.iridis.com /Kokoda_Track (1914 words)

	The Commanders - History - Adventure Kokoda
		The Allied commander-in-chief, General Douglas MacArthur, and the commander of the Allied land forces, General Sir Thomas Blamey, in Brisbane, did not understand the terrain in the Owen Stanley Range, and they underestimated the strength of the Japanese and their determination to push over the range to Port Moresby.
		Porter sought permission from the Commander New Guinea Force, Major General Basil Morris, to move into the mountains to command the force there, known as Maroubra Force, but it was not until 12 August that he left Port Moresby with the 53rd Battalion and his headquarters staff.
		He took command of Maroubra Force at Isurava on 24 August, but only one battalion of his brigade had arrived before the Japanese began their major offensive on 26 August.
	www.kokodatreks.com /history/thecommanders.cfm (2301 words)

	Remembering 1942 - The end of the Kokoda campaign, 1 November 1942 [Australian War Memorial]
		It was more than three months earlier, on 21-22 July, that a Japanese force landed near Gona on the north coast of Papua, with orders to reconnoitre the feasibility of using a route over the mountains to launch an attack on the major Allied base at Port Moresby, on the south coast.
		Within a short time this force had been substantially reinforced to mount a full-scale offensive, the intention being to support it with an amphibious landing at the eastern tip of Papua – a plan which gave rise to another major battle around Milne Bay in August-September.
		Opposing the Japanese was "Maroubra Force", comprising the 300-strong Papuan Infantry Battalion and an Australian militia unit, the 39th Battalion.
	www.awm.gov.au /atwar/remembering1942/kokoda/transcript.htm (1653 words)

	Papua New Guinea Forum - View Single Post - Lest we forget!
		On the Kododa Trail the Australian 7th Division resisted the Japanese General Horii's overland attempt to capture Port Moresby, and the advance was halted within 30 miles of the city.
		A small force of Australians known as "Maroubra Force" arrived at Buna on July 21st, 1942, as the first Japanese force of 1500 men landed at Gona, eight miles to the west.
		However, the remnants of "Maroubra Force", exhausted by a month's constant fighting, were unable to achieve this.
	www.pngbd.com /forum/showpost.php?p=24332&postcount=6 (188 words)

	Bored of Studies - Solenoid Q (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lenz's law is stated as "a change in flux gives rise to an induced emf, the direction of which is determined by the opposing force" or something...
		We use the opposing force to determine the direction of the induced emf or current if there is a circuit.
		BUT the whole think about induction is the force isnt due to it being an electromagnet (become magnetised due to relative motion)..
	www.boredofstudies.org /community/showthread.php?t=17485 (1060 words)

	Battle for Australia Council
		It was these forces that had to be called upon to mount the offensive.
		Calling the troops 'Maroubra Force', he sent then towards Buna over the Kokoda track, with the object of preventing any Japanese advance and the job of holding the 'Kokoda Gap', a flat stretch of the Owen Stanleys.
		He soon took over the command of the Maroubra Force which was not holding its ground effectively against superior Japanese forces.
	www.battleforaustralia.org.au /kokoda1.html (1117 words)

	Kokoda Track (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Image:Kokoda Track map.jpg Japanese troops landed on the north coast of Papua New Guinea in July 1942, established beachheads at Buna, Gona and Sanananda and quickly moved inland.
		The 5th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force — a 500-strong Japanese marine battalion — commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Hatsuo Tsukamoto led a reconnaissance in force along the Kokoda Track, and encountered the Australian troops, deployed near Kokoda.
		In spite of their being outnumbered, under-resourced and starved, the Australian resistance was such that the Japanese believed they were dealing with a force that was more than 6,000 strong.
	kokoda-track.ask.dyndns.dk (2149 words)

	Four Corners - 27/04/98: The Men Who Saved Australia. Australian Broadcasting Corp
		Trying to stop an advancing army under those circumstances was a bit like being on the....being a half-back on a football field in the middle of the night when you couldn't see the enemy because he could go all around you, he could go anywhere.
		But the local commander of Maroubra Force as it was known, Brigadier Potts, and the 39th Battalion's Ralph Honner saw the futility of this and withdrew from Isurava to fight again.
		The startling achievement of Maroubra force is that it was able to take on an enemy that out numbered them five to one.
	www.abc.net.au /4corners/stories/s12899.htm (6314 words)

	The Kokoda Track
		The 39th soldiers fought a small Japanese advance force at Awala, but were outgunned and outnumbered and fell back to Kokoda Village.
		Brigadier Arnold Potts was given command of all Australian forces on the track wich were known as Maroubra force.
		Maroubra Force was now very short on food and ammunition because it was so difficult to get supplies up the track.
	www.jahitchcock.com /kokoda.html (1214 words)

	Laser Tag: Missions: Kokoda Trail
		Kokoda is a small plateau on the north-east slopes of the Owen Stanley Range and possessed a small air-strip the retention of which, for at least as long as it would take us to fly in supplies and reinforcements, was of great importance.
		Valiant though their effort was, they even recaptured the plateau after being driven out, the Japanese need was of equal importance as they required a forward base at Kokoda for their drive over the ranges along the "Kokoda Trail" to Port Moresby and they struck before we were able to muster sufficient strength.
		The Australian Imperial force is under orders to push the Japanese forces back through the jungle with heavy casualties.
	www.laserskirmish.com /missions/KokodaTrail.htm (836 words)

	The History of Kokoda Track / Trail
		July 23 – Remembrance Day – marks the 61st anniversary of the first engagement between the opposing troops on July 23, 1942, and from that engagement, as the Australian force was progressively outnumbered, began the long fighting withdrawal over the Owen Stanley Ranges.
		Valiant though their effort was, they even recaptured the plateau after being driven out, the Japanese need was of equal importance as they required a forward base at Kokoda for their drive over the ranges along the "Kokoda Trail" to Port Moresby and they struck before the Australians were able to muster sufficient strength.
		In the main, the desperately tired but determined force kept themselves between the Japanese Major General Horri’s South Sea Force and Port Moresby –; defending, retreating and then counter – attacking in a masterly display of strategic defence.
	www.kokodatrail.com.au /history.html (1566 words)

	The Battle for Australia - The Kokoda Track
		The barrier between the Japanese forces in the north and Port Moresby on the south coast was the Owen Stanley Range - a steep, rugged series of mountains crossed only by a few foot tracks, the most important of which was the Kokoda [Track].
		At the end of June, one thousand Militiamen, ‘Maroubra’ force, had been ordered to hold Kokoda and its airfield against any possible Japanese attack - but this proved an impossible task.
		Out of a force of about 20,000 the Japanese had lost 13,000, most of whom had fought to the death rather than surrender.
	www.anzacday.org.au /history/ww2/bfa/kokoda.html (970 words)

	Independent Publishers Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To oppose a force of 10,000 crack Japanese troops on the Kokoda Trail, the Allies committed one under-trained and poorly-equipped unit—the 39th Battalion, later reinforced by Veterans of the 21st Brigade, 7th Division AIF.
		They withdrew village by village, forcing the Japanese to fight for every inch of ground.
		The Australian soldiers' reward for their remarkable achievement was denigration by the High Command—General Blamey called them "running rabbits." Then, in December 1942 when the fighting at the beachheads had produced little success, the former members of Maroubra Force captured Gona after heavy fighting—but at tragic cost.
	www.ipgbook.com /showbook.cfm?bookid=1863732640&userid=86611066 (230 words)

	Fire and Fury Games' Battlefront: Kokoda Track-7SEP1942-Scenario 07-Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the leapfrog withdrawal of the Australians from Isurava reached Eora Creek the disposition of their forces were as follows on 31st of August.
		At the crossing the rest of the 16th and the 39th Battalions waited for the rear guard platoons, but the next troops to show up were a Japanese flanking force which cut off the rear guard units, and forced the 16th and 39th into their defensive positions.
		This large force was massing in front of the 27th on Mission Ridge for what would turn out to be one of the most intense and brutal battles for the Kokoda Trail.
	www.fireandfury.com /extra/scenkokoda07overview.shtml (2409 words)

	South West Pacific Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the Japanese surrounded US and Filipino forces in the Philippines, MacArthur was ordered by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to leave his headquarters on Bataan Peninsula, near Manila, and to relocate to Melbourne, Australia.
		The Australian Army commander in chief, General Thomas Blamey, was appointed commander of Alllied land forces.
		However, from mid-1943, the U.S. Sixth Army (code name Alamo Force) was deployed under MacArthur's direct control, meaning that Blamey was excluded from command of the majority of U.S. land forces in the theatre after that time.
	south-west-pacific-area.ask.dyndns.dk (869 words)

	KOKODA
		The immediate aims of this advance force were to secure the coastal strip between Gona and the nearby village of Buna, reconnoitre the area between Gona and the Australian administrative post at Kokoda, seize Kokoda, and assess the practicability of using the Kokoda Track as a route for Japanese troops to capture Port Moresby.
		The advance force also included a battalion of troops from the 144th Regiment of Japan's elite South Seas Detachment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Tsukamoto and a company of elite Japanese marines of the 5th Sasebo Naval Landing Force.
		Having deployed his small force between Gona and Kokoda, Templeton left Major W.T. Watson of the Papuan Infantry Battalion in command at Awala and returned to Kokoda to meet his Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel Owen, who was expected to arrive by air from Port Moresby on 24 July.
	www.users.bigpond.com /battleforaustralia/battaust/KokodaCampaign/IntoHellMouth.html (3518 words)

	Fire and Fury Games' Battlefront: Kokoda Track-31AUG1942-Scenario 06-Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This now meant that 2/16 and the 53rd would have to halt their advance and begin withdrawing as well, since Alola would now be given up (see trail map in the Overview to the 300 Australian scenario).
		This is accomplished by controlling the two dug in positions near the bridge, and not allowing the Japanese to have an undisordered stand on the east bank within an inch of the bridge.
		For the Japanese, cut off and destroy the 16th Battalion, force and secure the creek crossing, and demoralize the Diggers by using their wounded for bayonet practice.
	www.fireandfury.com /extra/scenkokoda06overview.shtml (1892 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The force had no hope of halting the Japanese who were numerically superior, better trained, and more suitably equipped with light weapons and “jungle green” uniforms.
		Morris sent another militia battalion, the 53rd, to help Maroubra Force (as the Australian force was known) hold ground until a veteran brigade arrived.
		The new commander of New Guinea Force, Lieutenant General Sidney Rowell, reasoned that the Japanese had been weakened by the long advance and the resistance of Maroubra Force and that, unless reinforced, HORII’s force could not overcome the fresh 25th Brigade that was deployed at Ioribaiwa.
	ajrp.awm.gov.au /ajrp/remember.nsf/pages/NT00002EEA?openDocument (1186 words)

	Kokoda Trekkers Forum -> Kokoda Track - We Shall Remember Them !
		The brigade also engaged the ill-trained but gallant militia 39th Battalion at Isurava in the foothills on the far side of the range.Kokoda was arguably Australia's most significant campaign of the Second World War.
		The Japanese, who were regularly bombing Port Moresby with 20 to 30 bombers with fighter escort, decided on the overland attack across the Owen Stanley Ranges.On the Kododa Trail the Australian 7th Division resisted the Japanese General Horii's overland attempt to capture Port Moresby, and the advance was halted within 30 miles of the city.
		In general, the desperately tired but determined force kept themselves between the Japanese Major General Horri's South Sea Force and Port Moresby -- defending, retreating and then counter-attacking in a masterly display of strategic defence.
	www.kokodatrail.com.au /forums/index.php?showtopic=21&view=getlastpost (1737 words)

	Fire and Fury Games' Battlefront: Kokoda Track-31AUG1942-Scenario 06-Australian Orders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Enemy forces - Being pursued by at least a battalion sized force with supporting fire.
		Friendly forces - 'C' and 'D' companies 16th Battalion, 2nd Australian Imperial Force (AIF), are fighting a delaying action to the east of Eora Creek.
		Friendly forces - 14th Battalion, 2nd Australian Imperial Force (AIF), are holding the main positions, and what is left of the 39th Australian Militia Battalion (approximately 150 men) are holding the rear positions.
	www.fireandfury.com /extra/scenkokoda06austorders.shtml (621 words)

	International Sales - Book Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To oppose a force of 10,000 crack Japanese troops on the Kokoda Trail, the Allies committed one under-trained and poorly-equipped unit - the 39th Battalion, later reinforced by Veterans of the 21st Brigade, 7th Division AIF.
		The Australian soldiers' reward for their remarkable achievement was denigration by the High Command - General Blamey called them 'running rabbits'.
		Then in December 1942 when the fighting at the beachheads had produced little success, the former members of Maroubra Force captured Gona after heavy fighting - but at tragic cost.
	www.allenandunwin.com /Exports/product.asp?ISBN=1741145597 (389 words)

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