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Topic: Marquesan languages

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Marquesas Islands

Imperialism in Asia

Politics of Ecuador

	www.marquesasnow
		The practice of cannibalism seems to have been totally ritual in nature, however, and was not a food source.
		Marquesan is a member of the Austronesian language family, a family that includes all the Polynesian languages, the languages of Melanesia, Micronesia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, the languages of the aboriginal tribes of Formosa, some coastal groups in Viet Nam (e.g.
		The closest relatives to Marquesan among the Polynesian languages are the languages of Hawai'i, Easter Island, Mangareva, and Napuka in the Tuamotus.
	www.marquesasnow.com /page5.html (351 words)

	Polynesian languages
		Rapan is the language of Rapa, in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia.
		The Samoic languages are one of the primary classes of Polynesian languages, encompassing the Polynesian languages of Samoa, Tuvalu, American Samoa, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, as well as a number of languages, spoken in parts of Tonga, the Cook Islands, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, and the Federated States of Micronesia.
		Specifically, the Samoic Languages are classified as "Samoic-Outlier", in recognition of the fact that Sāmoan is the most significant, and that the majority of the Polynesian languages spoken in scattered island communities in Melanesia and Micronesia (called outliers) are members of this same family.
	www.shortopedia.com /P/O/Polynesian_languages (797 words)

	Marquesan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marquesan is a collection of East-Central Polynesian dialects, of the Marquesic group, spoken in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia.
		The North Marquesan dialects are spoken on the islands of Ua Pu and Nuku Hiva, and South Marquesan dialects on the islands of Hiva `Oa, Tahuata and Fatu Hiva.
		The North Marquesan dialects are sometimes considered two separate languages: North Marquesan and Tai Pi Marquesan, the latter being spoken in the valleys of the eastern two-thirds of the island of Nuku Hiva, in the ancient province of Tai Pi.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marquesan_language (460 words)

	Polynesian languages - Mundaneum
		The Polynesian languages are a group of languages spoken in the region known as Polynesia.
		By the time that linguists made their way to the Pacific, at least for the major languages, the Bible was already printed according to the orthographic system developed by the missionaries, and the people had learned to read and write without marking vowel length or the glottal stop.
		The glottal stop (not present in all Polynesian languages, but where present it is one of the most common consonants) is indicated by an apostrophe.
	en.mundaneum.org /wiki/Polynesian_languages (1011 words)

	Hawaiian Language Encyclopedia Article @ Strenuous.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Austronesian language that takes its name from that of the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.
		Thus, the genesis of Hawaiian (as a language distinct from Marquesan or Tahitian) was approximately ten centuries ago.
		The genetic history of the Hawaiian language (and race or ethnic group) is demonstrated primarily through the application of (1) lexicostatistics, and (2) the comparative method (Lyovin 1997:1–12; Schütz 1994:322–338).
	www.strenuous.org /encyclopedia/Hawaiian_language (4774 words)

	Maori Language Encyclopedia Article @ Interpreted.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While all these Eastern Polynesian languages are very closely related, they are not just dialects of a single language, but languages in their own right: they have been diverging for many centuries, and mutual intelligibility is limited.
		The level of competence in the language of those claiming to be Māori speakers is unknown.
		Irish, as a minority language in an island nation of 4 million threatened by increasing use of English.
	www.interpreted.org /encyclopedia/Maori_language (2360 words)

	Informat.io on Hawaiian Language
		It originated as the Marquesan or Tahitian of the era 1000 A.D., when the Polynesian speakers of that language made the first Polynesian discovery of Hawaii and colonized the archipelago, establishing permanent settlements.
		Going back farther in time and space, the language is that of the Philippine Islands, and it is ultimately descended from an ancient Austronesian language spoken in Taiwan about 6000 years ago.
		Details on the language's orthography (writing system) and phonology (system of language sounds and processes that affect them) are given in dedicated sections of this article.
	www.informat.io /?title=Hawaiian_Language (4900 words)

	DoBeS — Marquesan - Language
		The indigenous languages spoken in the Marquesan archipelago of French Polynesia belong to the Eastern Oceanic branch of the Austronesian language family.
		Within the Eastern Oceanic branch, the Marquesan vernaculars belong to the Proto-Central-Eastern subgroup of Proto-Eastern Polynesian which is itself a subgroup of Proto-Central Pacific (Pawley 1966; Green 1966; Marck 1996).
		Whereas the island vernaculars of South Marquesan are thought to relatively homogenous - despite some lexical and phonological distinctions -, the dialectal situation in the northwestern part of the archipelago is much more complex and it is therefore less clear to talk about "North Marquesan" as one language.
	www.mpi.nl /DOBES/projects/marquesan (708 words)

	HIPLL - Other Languages - Marquesan
		The language: Marquesan is an Austronesian [Malayo-Polynesian] language spoken throughout the Marquesas Islands which itself is part of French Polynesia in the South Pacific.
		Marquesan is related to other languages in the area such as Tahitian, Tuamotuan, Mangarevan [within French Polynesia] and Hawaiian and Rapa Nui [outside of French Polynesia].
		The course: At the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Marquesan has been taught on an intermittent basis, usually in response to the needs of students and staff who have already extensively studied some other Polynesian language [usually Tahitian] and who plan to travel, conduct research and study in the Marquesas or Tahiti.
	www.hawaii.edu /hipll/other/marquesan.html (267 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Melanesian & Micronesian
		You have reached the page with Melanesian and Micronesian languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 7-26-2004 Marquesan (Austric) belongs to the Polynesian sub-branch of the Oceanic sub-branch of the Austronesian branch of the Austric family of languages.
		The language is spoken on the Marquesas Islands.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/melamich.htm (538 words)

	Hawaiian
		Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		Like all Austronesian languages, it is characterized by a large number of vowels, a small number of consonants, and a simple syllabic structure that does not allow any consonant clusters.
		Hawaiian is a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/june/Hawaiian.html (1068 words)

	Hawaiian language - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hawaiian, along with English, is an official language of the State of Hawai‘i.
		The people responsible for "importing" those languages were also responsible for "exporting" the Hawaiian language into new territory, because there were some adventurous native speakers of Hawaiian who opted to do some exploring of their own by leaving Hawaii and sailing off to "see the world" aboard the wooden ships of the Caucasian explorers.
		Hawaiian language "immersion" schools are now open to children whose families want to introduce Hawaiian language for future generations.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Hawaiian_language (2849 words)

	Acidophilus notes \| 12:32
		An Eastern Polynesian language, it is closely related to Tahitian and Cook Islands Māori; slightly less closely to Hawaiian and Marquesan; and more distantly to the languages of Western Polynesia, including Samoan, Niuean and Tongan.
		The Māori language effectively ceased to be a living community language in the post-World War II years when there was a period of rapid urbanisation of the Māori population.
		Missionaries made their first attempts to write the language using the Roman alphabet as early as 1814, and Professor Samuel Lee of Cambridge University worked with chief Hongi Hika and his junior relative Waikato to systematize the written language in 1820.
	www.acidophiluseffects.com /notes/?title=Maori_language (2633 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Hawaiian language is an Austronesian language that takes its name from that of the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.
		It is closely related to other Polynesian languages (e.g., Marquesan, Tahitian, Maori, Rapa Nui (the language of Easter Island), Samoan), distantly related to Fijian, and more distantly to Malay, Indonesian, Malagasy, and the indigenous languages of the Philippines (e.g., Pangasinan, Tagalog, Ilokano, Visayan) and Taiwan (e.g., Paiwan, Rukai, Thao, Babuza, Saaroa, Yami).
		Hawaiian originated as the Marquesan or Tahitian of the era 1000 A.D., when the Polynesian speakers of that language made the first Polynesian discovery of Hawaii and colonized the archipelago, establishing permanent settlements.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Hawaiian_language (4823 words)

	Isles of Hiva: Language
		The people who speak these languages are also physically and culturally related, having migrated into the Pacific from a homeland in Western Polynesia.
		Some scholars believe that the Marquesan language, or more specifically the dialect of the Southern Marquesan Islands (Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Fatu Hiva), is the closest relative of Hawaiian language (Green 1966); and that this suggests that the first Hawaiians came predominantly from the southern Marquesas (K.P. Emory 1978).
		Elbert concludes that the linguistic evidence supports the hypothesis of archaeologists that the Hawaiian language derives fr om Marquesan (511).
	pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu /hivalanguage.html (303 words)

	I S L A N D V O I C E S.N E T :: V o i c e s of P o l y n e s i a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The official languages of French Polynesia are French and Tahitian.
		These languages, together with Tahitian, are East Polynesian languages and members of the vast Austronesian language family.
		Because of the way the Tahitian language is pronounced, it is generally easier for Americans to pronounce Tahitian words than it is for them to pronounce words in French.
	www.islandvoices.net /history.php?language=tahiti (579 words)

	Hawaiian Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hawaiian is a member of the Austronesian language family, most closely related to Polynesian languages like Marquesan, Tahitian, Samoan, Maori, and Rapanui (i.e., the language of Easter Island), as well as to other languages in the Pacific, like Fijian, and more distantly to Indonesian, Malagasy, and the indigenous languages of Taiwan and the Philippines.
		The most important cause for the decline of the Hawaiian language was its voluntary abandonment by the majority of its native speakers.
		Hawaiian language "immersion" schools are now open to children whose families want to retain (or introduce) Hawaiian language into the next generation.
	www.ewaikiki.com /hawaiian_language.html (1055 words)

	Languages : Malayo-Polynesian Family
		Although covering a large geographical area, the languages are remarkably uniform in structure.
		It was the language of a pre-Vietnamese Hindu Chamba Empire.
		The speakers of this language family are thought to have originated in southern China (the Yellow River valleys) and migrated via Taiwan into the islands of the Philippines (about 2500BC), Indonesia and out into the Pacific (about 1000BC).
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_malayo.html (465 words)

	Family tree - Polynesian languages
		Niuatoputapu is here classified as a Wallisian language, and not as an unclassified language within the Samoic-Outlier group, based on the classification made by Grimes 1992 where Niuatoputapu is considered to be genetically closer to the Wallisian language Niuafo'ou than to any other language.
		Reao is here classified as a language, and not as a dialect of Tuamotuan, based on the statement by P.H. Audrian 1919 (Notes sur le dialecte Paumotu) that Reao is incomprehensible to speakers of the Tuamotuan language, and also on my own field experiences of Reao in 1993.
		Rapa is here classified as a Tahitic language, and not as an unclassified language within the Central Polynesian subgroup, based on Biggs' 1971 statement that the language spoken on the island of Rapa today is a variant of the Tahitian language.
	bilbo.ling.su.se /pollinet/facts/tree.html (334 words)

	Family tree - Polynesian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Niuatoputapu is here classified as a Wallisian language, and not as an unclassified language within the Samoic-Outlier group, based on the classification made by Grimes 1992 where Niuatoputapu is considered to be genetically closer to the Wallisian language Niuafo'ou than to any other language.
		Reao is here classified as a language, and not as a dialect of Tuamotuan, based on the statement by P.H. Audrian 1919 (Notes sur le dialecte Paumotu) that Reao is incomprehensible to speakers of the Tuamotuan language, and also on my own field experiences of Reao in 1993.
		Rapa is here classified as a Tahitic language, and not as an unclassified language within the Central Polynesian subgroup, based on Biggs' 1971 statement that the language spoken on the island of Rapa today is a variant of the Tahitian language.
	www.ling.su.se /pollinet/facts/tree.html (334 words)

	UH Press Journals: Oceanic Linguistics, vol. 35, no. 2 (1996)
		This is consistent with comparisons of general vocabulary that suggest that, despite the prominence of Tahiti in the oral history of Hawai`i, Hawaiian remained a language dominated by its Marquesic roots.
		Although the available data corpus for Sarmi and Jayapura languages is limited, it is sufficient to confirm that these languages form a single subgroup and that they belong to the Western Oceanic linkage.
		The major purpose of this paper is to show that Thao, one of the most endangered and underdocumented Formosan languages, has been misclassified because of insufficient attention to the problem of direct and indirect inheritance.
	www.uhpress.hawaii.edu /journals/ol/OL352.html (972 words)

	Polynesian Settlement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The argument for a Hivan homeland is based in part on linguistic and biological evidence: "Indeed, the close relationship between the Hawaiian and Marquesan languages as well as between the physical populations constitutes strong and mutually corroborative evidence that the early Hawaiians came from the Marquesas" (Kirch 64).
		The Marquesan language has been grouped under the category Proto Central Eastern Polynesian, along with Hawaiian, Tahitian, Tuamotuan, Rarotongan, and Maori.
		Kenneth Emory has noted that some words in the Hawaiian language (such as the names of some days in the lunar month) are shared uniquely with the Tahitian la nguage (Kirch 66), suggesting settlers to Hawai'i came from Tahiti as well as the Marquesas.
	www.exploring.nu /Polynesia-Settlement.htm (2736 words)

	North Marquesan facts
		The internal dialects of North Marquesan are all inherently intelligible.
		CROOK, W.P. An essay toward a dictionary of the Lesser-Australian language, according to the dialect used at the Marquesas (manuscript).
		Aspects of the structure of the 'Ua Pou dialect of the Marquesan language
	bilbo.ling.su.se /pollinet/facts/nmq.html (292 words)

	Polynesian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Polynesian languages are a language family spoken in the region known as Polynesia.
		Certain regular correspondences can be noted between different Polynesian languages.
		Both Māori and Hawaiian, for example, have lost much ground to English, and have only recently been able to make progress towards restoration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polynesian_languages (964 words)

	Polynesian Resort
		The various Polynesian languages are still close and there are many cultural similarities between the various groups.
		The Polynesian languages are a group of related languages spoken in the region known as Polynesia.
		Although none of the modern Polynesian languages allow consonant clusters, this tendency appears to be have developed well after the early settlement of the islands.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/158/polynesian-resort.html (709 words)

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