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	Marrano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On April 17, 1506, several Marranos were discovered who had in their possession "some lambs and poultry prepared according to Jewish custom; also unleavened bread and bitter herbs according to the regulations for the Passover, which festival they celebrated far into the night." Several of them were seized, but were released after a few days.
		On the same day on which the Marranos were liberated, the Dominicans displayed in a side-chapel of their church, where several New Christians were present, a crucifix and a reliquary in glass from which a peculiar light issued.
		Marranos from Flanders, and others direct from the Pyrenean Peninsula, went under the guise of Catholics to Hamburg and Altona about 1580, where they established commercial relations with their former homes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marrano (3430 words)

	Marrano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Marranos (Spanish, probably from the Arabic moharrama or muharram or maḥram meaning "a forbidden thing") were Sephardic Jews (Jews from the Iberian peninsula) who were forced to adopt the identity of Christians, either through coercion as a consequence of the persecution of Jews by the Spanish Inquisition, or who, for form's sake, became Catholic converts.
		On the same day on which the Marranos were liberated, the Dominicans displayed in a side-chapel of their church, where several Neo-Christians were present, a crucifix and a reliquary in glass from which a peculiar light issued.
		Spanish and Portuguese Marranos petitioned Henry IV of France to permit them to emigrate to France, saying that should he do so, a large number of their fellow sufferers, "good men all of them," would choose France as their home; but many Neo-Christians who entered French territory were obliged to leave within a short time.
	www.fremont.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Marrano (3776 words)

	Marrano: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term marrano also came to have the meaning of "swine" or "filthy"; and in Portuguese[Click link for more facts about this topic] it is used as an opprobrious epithet of the Jews because they do not eat pork.
		The Marranos were fiercely attacked by the populace in Andujar[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject], EHandler: no quick summary.
		Under Louis XIII of France[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] the Marranos of Bayonne were assigned to the suburb of St. Esprit.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/marrano.htm (7833 words)

	Wikinfo \| Marrano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term marrano refers to the Sephardim, Jews from the Iberian peninsula, who were forced to adopt the identity of Christians, either through coercion as consequence of the cruel persecution of Jews by the Spanish Inquisition, or for form's sake, and became Catholic converts.
		To stop the excesses, the highly respected D. Alonso Fernandez de Aguilar, whose wife was a member of the widely ramified Marrano family of Pacheco, together with his brother D. Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova ("el gran Capitan"), the glory of the Spanish army, and a troop of soldiers, hastened to protect the Neo-Christians.
		The Marranos were fiercely attacked by the populace in Andujar, Ubeda, Baeza, and Almodovar del Campo also.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Marrano (3667 words)

	Marranos
		Some authorities ruled, however, that if the Marranos of a certain locality succeeded in fleeing to a country where they could return to Judaism, while others remained there in order to retain their material possessions, the latter were no longer presumed to have the privilege of being regarded as valid witnesses or even Jews.
		Marranos settled in Venice in the 15th and early 16th centuries but were subjected to decrees of expulsion in 1497 and again in 1550.
		A Marrano community was discovered by Samuel Schwartz in Portugal in 1917, and from time to time there emerge individuals or even groups who do not identify as Jews, but who have retained some of the practices and customs of the Marranos while unaware of their Jewish ancestry.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/Marranos.html (3453 words)

	Marrano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born "Baruch" Spinoza, a Dutch Jew of Portuguese Marrano extraction, he was excommunicated permanently by the Amsterdam community for denying the immortal soul...
		He is a Marrano, a Jew whose family converted to Christianity to escape persecution but then continued to secretly practice Judaism.
		The term marrano, in addition to its literal meaning in Spanish for "swine", also denotes "damned", "accursed" and "banned"; and in Portuguese it is used as an opprobrious epithet of the Jews because they do not eat pork.
	www.wikiverse.org /marrano (3694 words)

	Reviews for The Marrano Legacy
		The drama of THE MARRANO LEGACY offers a human face and a mournful soul to what is truly among the darker and sadder corners of Jewish and Catholic histories.
		Her more recent work, The Marrano Legacy: A Contemporary Crypto-Jewish Priest reveals Secrets of his Double-Life touches only glancingly on her past, but the details of Alexy's life still have great bearing on the story.
		The author's first book, published in 1993, is a tale of spiritual discovery; for what led Alexy to her interest in Marranos past and present was her own secretiveness - her need to suppress her Jewishness in order to survive in Hitler's Europe.
	home.earthlink.net /~talexy/mar-reviews.htm (569 words)

	FORWARD : Arts & Letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Marrano does mean pig in Spanish and is a nasty word for a human being, just as are pejoratives like "pig," "hog" and "swine" in many languages.
		Interestingly, what this edict suggests is that marrano was originally a pejorative Jewish (or Muslim) word for baptized Jews (or Muslims) and spread to Christians from there.
		Warren that Marranos, even if it is a word that English speakers do not associate with pigs, has historically unpleasant connotations.
	www.forward.com /issues/2002/02.11.08/arts2.html (658 words)

	Esther the Marrano
		Because the Hebrew lunar calendar was not accessible to most Jews, the date of the fast--like those of all Jewish holy days--was calculated according to dates in the Christian calendar, and was to be observed on the full moon of February.
		Furthermore, after generations of living as Christians, the Jews often perceived their Judaism in terms of Christian concepts; and since fasting was a favourite practice among pious Catholics, the Jews applied it wherever possible to Jewish contexts.
		The possession of Jewish religious books was of course prohibited by the Inquisition, and the Marranos obtained most of their limited knowledge of their tradition and history from reading the "Old Testament" of the Christian Bibles.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/Shokel/950302_Esther_Marrano.html (827 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Portugal
		Basto, a Marrano Jew, decided to convert to Orthodox Judaism at the age of 33.
		Many of the Marranos did not believe Schwartz was Jewish because he openly identified himself as a Jew and they believed they were the only Jews still living.
		Marranos practiced Judaism privately in their own homes, however, they abandoned any obvious identifying Jewish practice, such as circumcision, mikveh and the celebration of any public holiday.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Portugal.html (3316 words)

	Marrano Poets of the Seventeenth Century , Timothy Oelman
		The story of the Marranos (the Jewish converts to Christianity in Spain and Portugal) has long been a source of fascination for Jews interested in their heritage and for all those concerned with the struggle for freedom of conscience against authoritarianism.
		Drawing on a wide range of published and manuscript sources, he gives a balanced picture of the Marranos and describes the process of Jewish re-education they had to undergo in order to reach their goal of integration with authentic Judaism in the Jewish communities outside the Iberian peninsula.
		Each poet shares a sense of guilt over his past observance of Christianity and endeavours to reach out towards the authentic sources of the Jewish tradition, such as the Talmud and the rabbinic commentaries, to invest his writings with a greater cultural depth.
	www.littman.co.uk /cat/oelman.html (345 words)

	Marrano - Western New York's #1 Home Builder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Located at Marrano's corporate headquarters in West Seneca, the 3,000 square foot Design Center is the first of its kind in Western New York and will enable customers who build a Marrano home to see firsthand the complete range products available for their new home.
		Marrano's professional staff is on hand to provide prompt answers on every item shown in the Design Center.
		The Marrano Design Center is located at company headquarters at 2730 Transit Road in West Seneca and is open exclusively for Marrano customers during regular business hours and by appointment.
	www.marrano.com /whatsnew/designcenter.cfm (1234 words)

	Marrano - Western New York's #1 Home Builder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As Western New York's #1 home builder, Marrano Marc/Equity has over 45 years of experience and a solid reputation for quality and value.
		Marrano is the one builder more people choose in Western New York over any other builder.
		Marrano has more choices for carefree living throughout Western New York.
	www.marranohomes.com (124 words)

	The Jews of Cuba
		"Marranos" actually started appearing with the first riots in the Juderias of Spain.
		The term "Marrano" was at one time used to describe them, as the term refers to the swine which they'd publicly eat to demonstrate their outward conversion.
		In Majorca the community was converted in the 1430's and are called Chuetas, from "pork lard" since they regularly keep pork lard boiling in cauldrons on their porches.
	www.jewishcuba.org /marranos.html (789 words)

	Question 13.5: Who are Crypto-Jews (also known as "marranos")? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		[The term Marrano appears to be derived from the color of the robes of a Roman Catholic Bishop; Jews who converted were placed under the direct tutelage of that bishop.
		Cohen's The Marranos and Prinz's The Secret Jews claim that the following are examples of such communities, although such claims have not been verified and are disputed by some: * The Antiqueñas of Colombia.
		According to Timothy Mitchell's book Flamenco: Deep Song and other sources, the inquisition in western Andalucia was slightly more lenient than elsewhere because of the need for labour related for the new world trade and mining.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/judaism/FAQ/07-Jews-As-Nation/section-6.html (925 words)

	Marrano as Metaphor; The Jewish Presence in French Writing; Elaine Marks
		When Europeans in the Middle Ages spoke of "marranos," they were making a derogatory reference to "crypto-Jews"--those who publicly converted to and performed as Christians, but who remained secretly faithful to Judaic law.
		Today, asserts Elaine Marks in Marrano as Metaphor, the concept can be used to describe all Jews living in a dominant Christian or Muslim culture, whatever may be their conscious relationship to Judaism.
		A sweeping examination of the Jewish presence in French literature from the sixteenth century to the present, Marrano as Metaphor explores the many shapes and forms in which jews are perceived, spoken, and written about.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cup/catalog/data/023110/0231103085.HTM (284 words)

	Marrano - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Marranos, Jews of Spain and Portugal who insincerely converted to Christianity to escape harm during the Spanish Inquisition.
		The large number of Jewish converts to Christianity set in motion a century-long process that culminated in the disappearance of Spain’s remaining...
		Inquisition : groups investigated by the Inquisition : Marranos: Sephardim
	encarta.msn.com /Marrano.html (95 words)

	Marrano - Western New York's #1 Home Builder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Marrano is committed to helping you in every way we can.
		Marrano provides the most comprehensive interior design service available for your new home.
		Marrano offers our Design Center, an exclusive facility offering one convenient location to view hundreds of products all under one roof.
	www.marranohomes.com /about/advantages.cfm (554 words)

	Real Estate Weekly: A "Chip" off the old block - Profile of the Week - Leon "Chip" D. Marrano III, president of Marson ...
		In other words, the G.C. assumes all of the risks in performing a construction project while the CM simply monitors the performance of others.
		With his self-described "baby-face", Marrano is an easygoing and affable person who can rattle off the finer points of his trade effortlessly.
		Over the past few years Marrano has been working to update the G.C. concept for the new millennium.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3601/is_31_48/ai_84030496 (463 words)

	Lost Marrano Jews Return to Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The story of the Marranos, the lost Jews from Spain, started in the 14th century when the Spanish Inquisition of the Roman Catholic Church persecuted the large Jewish community in Spain and Portugal.
		Despite this, the church called them by the disparaging name Marranos which means pigs.
		Today, there are many Marranos in Europe and America who, like the Bouquette's, have felt the call to return to their homeland, Israel, and many have already done so.
	www.templemountfaithful.org /Newsletters/2001/5761-12.htm (736 words)

	Spinoza and Other Heretics : The Marrano of Reason (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Marrano of Reason The Marrano of Reason finds the origins of the idea of immanence in the culture of Spinoza's Marrano ancestors, Jews in Spain and Portugal who had been forcibly converted to Christianity.
		He identifies Marrano patterns that recur in Spinoza in a secularized context: a "this- worldly" disposition, a split religious identity, an opposition between inner and outer life, a quest for salvation outside official doctrines, and a gift for dual language and equivocation.
		Convention portrays the Amsterdam Jews as narrow-minded and fanatical, but in Yovel's vivid account they emerge as highly civilized former Marranos with cosmopolitan leanings, struggling to renew their Jewish identity and to build a "new Jerusalem" in the Netherlands.
	www.christianityinternational.com /bookstore/abooks2/0691020787AMUS38917.shtml (213 words)

	Yovel, Y.: Spinoza and Other Heretics, Volume 1: The Marrano of Reason.
		Yirmiyahu Yovel shows how Spinoza grounded a philosophical revolution in a radically new principle--the philosophy of immanence, or the idea that this world is all there is--and how he thereby anticipated secularization, the Enlightenment, the disintegration of ghetto life, and the rise of natural science and the liberal-democratic state.
		The Marrano of Reason finds the origins of the idea of immanence in the culture of Spinoza's Marrano ancestors, Jews in Spain and Portugal who had been forcibly converted to Christianity.
		He identifies Marrano patterns that recur in Spinoza in a secularized context: a "this-worldly" disposition, a split religious identity, an opposition between inner and outer life, a quest for salvation outside official doctrines, and a gift for dual language and equivocation.
	pup.princeton.edu /titles/4433.html (308 words)

	Judaism.com - The Marrano Prince The Ruach Ami Series By: Avner Gold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ages 8-11, 12+ The Marrano Prince, the eighth volume in the continuing Ruach Ami Series, takes place in Spain two centuries after the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition and the Expulsion of the Jews.
		The story moves inexorably through the halls of power in Madrid, naval battles on the high seas, the marrano community of Amsterdam, the dungeons of the Inquisition in Toledo, the bullfights in Pamplona and across the length and breadth of sun-drenched Spain.
		It is a story of courage and valor, of twists within twists, peopled with colorful villains and heroes.
	www.judaism.com /display.asp?etn=EHBEB (375 words)

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