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Topic: Mars 1960A

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	Marsnik program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marsnik 1 (also known as Korabl 4 and Mars 1960A) was destroyed in a launch failure on October 10, 1960.
		It was reported by the NASA Administrator to the U.S. Congress in 1962 to be an attempt at a Mars flyby probe.
		The objectives of the mission were to investigate interplanetary space between Earth and Mars, to study Mars and return surface images from a flyby trajectory, and to study the effects of extended spaceflight on onboard instruments and provide radio communications from long distances.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_1960A (474 words)

	Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mars is the most Earth-like planet in the solar system (except for in size and therefore surface gravity; Venus takes the cake for that characteristic).
		Nazomi (Planet-B) - ISAS Mars orbiter in 1998
		Mars' two moons, Phobos and Deimos, are named after Fear and Panic, the two lackeys of Mars.
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/mars.html (897 words)

	Soviet Craft - Mars
		Mars 1960A was reported by the NASA Administrator to Congress in 1962 to be an attempt at a Mars probe.
		Mars 1 was a modified Venera-type spacecraft in the shape of a cylinder 3.3 m long and 1.0 m in diameter.
		Mars 5 also performed a radio occultation experiment and the results, in concert with results from Mars 4 and 6 occultation measurements, showed the existence of a night side ionosphere with a maximum electron density of 4600 per cubic cm at an altitude of 110 km and a near surface atmospheric pressure of 6.7 mbar.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/advanced/20th_soviet_mars.html (5368 words)

	The Rocky Soviet Road To Mars - Larry Klaes
		A third Mars probe mission in 1960 was believed for years to have been tied in to reports of a major rocket disaster, which the Soviets did not admit to officially, until a press release by Aleksandr Bolotin in the Soviet weekly magazine OGONYOK in April of 1989.
		MARS 1 was to have also sent back measurements on Mars' magnetic and radiation fields, cosmic radiation, micrometeoroid impacts, and even indications of organic compounds on the planet using a "spectroreflexometer" device.
		MARS 7 was the first of the flyby/lander probes to arrive, the bus ejecting its lander towards the planet on March 9, 1974.
	www.coseti.org /www.fourthplanet.org/lkart_01.htm (4623 words)

	TO-Mars: Interplanetary Mars Probes
		Mars 1960A -- Mars1960B -- Sputnik 29 -- Mars 1 -- Sputnik 31 -- Mariner 3 -- Mariner 4 -- Zond 2 -- Zond 3 -- Mariner 6 -- Mariner 7 -- Mars 1969A -- Mars 1969BA
		Mars 1 flew by the planet at a distance of 193000 km on June 19, 1963.
		Mars 4 was intended as a Mars orbiter however a computer chip failure prevented the retro rockets from slowing the probe sufficiently for insertion into Mars orbit.
	chapters.marssociety.org /toronto/Education/Probes.shtml (3452 words)

	Mars Mystery
		The Mars 2 lander was released from the orbiter on November 27, 1971.
		Mars '96 consisted of an orbiter, two landers, and two soil penetrators that were to reach the planet in September 1997.
		The Beagle 2 was released from the Mars Express Orbiter on December 19, 2003.
	www.bradfordbenn.com /mars.htm (1833 words)

	EXPLORATION OF MARS : Encyclopedia Entry
		Mars Global Surveyor completed its primary mission on January 31, 2001, and is now in an extended mission phase.
		Mars Climate Orbiter is infamous for Lockheed Martin engineers mixing up the usage of imperial units with metric units, causing the orbiter to burn up while entering Mars' atmosphere.
		Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Exploration_of_Mars (3566 words)

	Mars
		Closest approach to Mars occurred on 19 June 1963 at a distance of approximately 193,000 km.
		Zond 2 flew by Mars on 6 August 1965 at a distance of 1500 km.
		Objectives involve high resolution imaging, topographic and gravity studies, the role of water and dust on the surface and in the atmosphere of Mars, the weather and climate of Mars, the composition of the surface and atmosphere, and the existence and evolution of the Martian magnetic field.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /probes/mars.htm (1158 words)

	Final Gallery
		Their first Mars probe attempt was Mars 1960A which was launched on October 10th, 1960, which failed to reach an orbit around the Earth.
		Then the Mars 7 probe was launched on August 9th, 1973, and reached Mars on March 6th, 1974, but both the orbiter and lander missed Mars as it they both flew by it.
		The Mars Climate Orbiter was launched on December 11th, 1998 to reach Mars and studies different aspects of the Martian climate, but it was destroyed when it tried to enter the Martian atmosphere.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /has/Students/finalGall.cfm?id=1138 (1229 words)

	About Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Reached Mars on July 14, 1965 and came to within 9920 km of the surface.
		Reached Mars July 31, 1969 and came to within 3437 km of equatorial region.
		Reached Mars December 2, 1971 and performed the first successful landing of a terrestrial craft on Mars.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /mars/background/missions.html (388 words)

	Chronology of Space Exploration
		Mars Global Surveyor is designed to orbit Mars over a two year period and collect data on the surface morphology, topography, composition, gravity, atmospheric dynamics, and magnetic field.
		Mars Pathfinder arrived at Mars on July 4, 1997 and impacted the surface at 16:57 UT (12:57 PM EDT) at a velocity of about 18 m/s (40 mph).
		It was destroyed when a navigation error caused it to miss its target altitude at Mars by 80 to 90 kilometers, instead of entering the martian atmosphere at an altitude of 57 kilometers during the orbit insertion maneuver.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/craft1.htm (7286 words)

	Exploration of Mars
		Mariner 4 arrived at Mars on July 14, 1965 and passed within 9,920 kilometers of the planet's surface.
		Viking 2 lander used Viking 1 orbiter as a communications relay, and had to be shut down at the same time as the orbiter on August 7, 1980.
		The Mars Global Surveyor is scheduled for launch in the late fall of 1996.
	www.activemind.com /Mysterious/Topics/Mars/exploration.html (1136 words)

	Chronology of Space Exploration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mars 96 - Russia Orbiter and Lander - (November 16, 1996)
		The rocket carring Mars 96 lifted off successfully, but as it entered orbit the rocket's fourth stage ignited prematurely and sent the probe into a wild tumble.
		The lander is the companion spacecraft to the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter.
	www.iki.rssi.ru /solar/eng/craft3.htm (1469 words)

	Mars Mission Launch Sequence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mars Climate Orbiter (Nasa), former Mars Surveyor 1998 Orbiter.
		Mars Science Laboratory, Mars Smart Lander, Mars 2009 Mobile Scientific Laboratory (Nasa): Formerly scheduled for 2007, the spacecraft is now to be launched in December 2007, and to arrive at Mars in October 2010.
		Mars 2009 Telecommunications Orbiter (Nasa): To be launched in September 2009 and to arrive at Mars in September 2010.
	www.seds.org /~spider/mars/mars-l.html (3949 words)

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