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	A Brief Timeline of Mars Research and Exploration
		1973: Mars 6 (USSR)Orbiter and lander: Crash-lands in southern hemisphere.
		2005: Mars Surveyor 2005 Orbiter (France): to be launched on August 10, 2005 by an Atlas V rocket, and to arrive at Mars in March, 2006.
		Nasa officials have expressed their intention that these efforts should eventually be leading to a Mars mission with a human crew to be launched in 2018 (and to arrive at Mars in 2019), and to begin an era of permanent human presence on our neighbor planet.
	www.amnh.org /rose/mars/od1.html (1366 words)

	Exploration of Mars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mars Climate Orbiter is infamous for Lockheed Martin engineers mixing up the usage of imperial units with metric units, causing the orbiter to burn up while entering Mars' atmosphere.
		Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit.
		ExoMars - 2011 or 2013- Mars Rover (ESA)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploration_of_Mars (3602 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		Mars Science Laboratory is intended to be the first planetary mission to use precision landing techniques, steering itself toward the martian surface similar to the way the space shuttle controls its entry through the Earth’s upper atmosphere.
		The Mars Science Laboratory would be the first mission to steer itself toward the martian surface similar to the way the space shuttle controls its entry through the Earth’s upper atmosphere, guiding it precisely to the desired location on the surface before deploying its parachute for the final landing.
		In addition, the Mars Science Laboratory would examine martian rocks and soils in greater detail than ever before to determine the geologic processes that formed and modified them; study the martian atmosphere; and determine the distribution and circulation of water and carbon dioxide, whether frozen, liquid, or gaseous.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/future/msl.html (1685 words)

	Mars: Are We Losing our Vision?- Take Action \| The Planetary Society
		Mars is a busy place right now: Global Surveyor, Odyssey and Mars Express are orbiting the planet, and Spirit and Opportunity are traversing it.
		In the works for 2009 are the U.S. Mars Surface Laboratory rover and the Russian Phobos sample return, and Europe has just moved closer to initiating a ExoMars lander.
		The Mars sample return work was funded by NASA’s Exploration Office as a precursor to human flights, and the MTO was to be the first element of infrastructure for Mars base development.
	www.planetary.org /action/opinions/mars_vision_0805.html (881 words)

	NuclearSpace.com - 2009 Nuclear Mars Rover
		The primary scientific objectives of the mission will be to assess the biological potential of at least one target area, characterize the local geology and geochemistry, investigate planetary processes relevant to habitability, including the role of water, and to characterize the broad spectrum of surface radiation.
		Mars will drift farther from the sun as it continues on its yearly elliptical orbit, and because of the distance, the sun will not shine as brightly onto the solar arrays.
		The 2009 Rover's power surplus will allow increased robotic capability that is expected to significantly increase the quality and quantity of science conducted on the Martian surface.
	www.nuclearspace.com /a_2009_Rover.htm (1563 words)

	Next On Mars
		This is the procedure favored for the Mars sample-return mission, but MTO was originally supposed to limit itself to ejecting a dummy sample canister and then precisely tracking it at distances of thousands of kilometers as it gradually drifted away.
		The recent confirmation that large areas of Mars have lots of ground ice near the surface raises the possibility that this too might be mined for ISRU purposes, broken down electrically so that the crew need not even take their hydrogen with them at the start.
		Mars Program manager Firouz Naderi also thinks that the Roadmap Committee should at least try to identify one to three most plausible "strawman" overall concepts for a manned Mars mission, so that it can better identify the near-term work that will be necessary to develop them.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars-future-05f.html (5820 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Year: 2000 - 2009: Mars Express
		The main goal of Mars Express is to search for subsurface water from Mars orbit and drop a lander on the surface.
		Mars Express is carrying a sample of Ferrari red paint (right) to the Red Planet.
		Mars Express used 427 kg (941 pounds) of fuel to put it in orbit the Red Planet.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Chron&StartYear=2000&EndYear=2009&MCode=MarsExpress (143 words)

	USATODAY.com - NASA's Mars gamble pays off (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mars has many features that might have been carved by water — what appear to be river channels and flood plains, for example.
		The Mars Express orbiter may be able to ferret out groundwater hidden even deeper, perhaps a few miles down, using a radar instrument.
		• The 2009 Mars Science Laboratory is a nuclear-powered rover "in search of habitable environments and the basic building blocks of life." Program officials have advocated a "follow the carbon" plan — carbon being another ingredient for life favored by astrobiologists — for this mission.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/techpolicy/2004-03-23-nasagamble_x.htm (1412 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		NASA is developing a long-term Mars exploration program that charts a course for the next two decades.
		One proposal is for a Mars Sample Return mission that would use robotic systems and a Mars ascent rocket to collect and send samples of martian rocks, soils, and atmosphere to Earth for detailed chemical and physical analysis.
		The Astrobiology Field Lab, shown here in an artist's concept, is one of several proposed missions to Mars in the second decade of the 21st century.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/future/futureMissions.html (511 words)

	Recent News \| Mars Institute - To further the scientific study, exploration, and public understanding of Mars
		Lee discussed ongoing progress in Mars science and exploration, from the latest advances in the robotic exploration of Mars to current renewed prospects for human missions to the Red Planet, in particular via analog research conducted here on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and perhaps soon again on the Moon.
		The Mars Institute is launching its first global Explore Mars Lecture Tour, a series of science talks and public lectures on Mars science and exploration, past, present and future, offered in support of Mars research worldwide and the continuation of the Mars Institute's research and education programs.
		The Mars Institute proudly announces the introduction of its new logo today as part of its ongoing strategy to position the institute as a leader in the effort to further the scientific study, exploration, and public understanding of Mars.
	www.marsinstitute.info /recent.news.html (2659 words)

	NASA Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Later, the two Viking probes landed on the surface of Mars and sent color images back to Earth, but perhaps more impressive were the Pioneer and particularly Voyager missions that visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune sending back scientific information and color images.
		Since 2001, the orbiting Mars Odyssey has been searching for evidence of past or present water and volcanic activity on the red planet.
		With the success of the Mars Exploration Rovers, JPL and Lockheed Martin have "revived" the Mars mission to search for underground water in the northern poles.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/NASA (2457 words)

	MarsNews.com :: NewsWire for the New Frontier
		Mars is home to the highest clouds ever discovered above the surface of a planet, astronomers said today.
		China and Russia plan to launch a joint mission to Mars in 2009 to scoop up rocks from the red planet and one of its moons, a Chinese scientist said on Wednesday.
		Mars was covered with desert sand and ancient craters.
	www.marsnews.com (656 words)

	Russia \| Martian Soil
		Items in the plan include the exploration of Mars, the potential of flights to the Moon, the Kliper (replacement for the Soyuz) and applications such as weather, navigation and communications satellites.
		One will be an orbiter that will examine Mars and drop a micro-rover onto Phobos (which will explore that tiny moon for up to three years and return a sample to Earth).
		Martian Soil is a daily blog dedicated to Mars, bringing the exploration of the Red Planet closer to enthusiasts and little green men alike.
	www.martiansoil.com /archives/cat_russia.php (738 words)

	Mars 2007 and beyond
		A long duration rover (mobile scientific laboratory) equipped to perform many scientific studies of Mars, to be chosen competitively, is planned for a late 2009 launch.
		The primary scientific objectives of the mission will be to assess the biological potential of at least one target area, characterize the local geology and geochemistry, investigate planetary processes relevant to habitability, including the role of water, and to characterize the broad spectrum of surface radiation.
		Current plans call for a Mars Scout mission (to be determined) to launch in 2011 and the first sample return mission to be launched no later than 2020.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/mars_future.html (637 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring Mars - Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
		The MTO spacecraft will arrive in a high orbit above Mars in 2010 and then be used to relay Internet-style data packets to Earth from a variety of Mars landers and orbiters for as much as ten years.
		Mars Telecommunications Orbiter will be that planet's first high-speed data connection and the first interplanetary spacecraft dedicated to providing communications services to other spacecraft.
		Mars Telecommunications Orbiter will release a small satellite – a sphere the size of a soccer ball.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Mars/MarsExploration/MTO.html (568 words)

	James Cameron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is a member of the Mars Society.
		James Cameron was born in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, to Phillip, an electrical engineer, and Shirley Cameron, an artist.
		He plans to create a 3-D project about the first trip to Mars, and he is on the science team for the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Cameron (2429 words)

	Planet Mars
		Japan's Nozomi (for Hope; former Planet B) Mars orbiter was successfully launched on July 4, 1998 with a M-V-3 rocket, and flew 2 Lunar swingbys on September 24 and on December 18, 1998, and one Earth swingby on December 20, 1998.
		This Mars orbiter mission is to perform the research originally scheduled for the lost Mars Climate Orbiter (Mars Surveyor 1998 Orbiter), i.e., Mars wheather and climate.
		To study Mars from orbit during its science mission from November 2006 to November 2008, perform high-resolution measurements including images with a resolution of 20 to 30 cm, and possibly serve as communications relay for later Mars landers until about February 2010.
	www.seds.org /~spider/mars/mars.html (2925 words)

	Golf carts today, mini-van in 2009? New Mars mission already planned
		The two golf-cart size rovers that are mesmerizing the country now are preparing the way for a 2009 mission to Mars called the Mars Scientific Laboratory, says William Hiscock, head of the physics department and director of the Montana Space Grant Consortium based at Montana State University-Bozeman.
		The 2009 mission will involve a rover, too, but that vehicle will be the size of a mini-van.
		The Sojourner rover that landed on Mars in 1997 and still sets on the planet was disabled by dust and extreme temperatures, Hiscock said.
	www.montana.edu /cpa/news/nwview.php?article=1448 (518 words)

	CU researchers named to 2009 Mars mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The space agency has chosen the eight proposals to provide instrumentation and associated science investigations for the mission, which is intended to explore a local region as a potential habitat for past or present life.
		The MSL mission is scheduled to arrive on Mars in 2010.
		The company built and operates the Mars orbital camera aboard the Global Surveyor spacecraft, which was launched in 1996 and continues to orbit the planet.
	www.news.cornell.edu /Chronicle/05/1.20.05/Mars_mission_2009.html (460 words)

	Exploring Mars Beyond 2010
		The new U.S. plan for longer-range Mars exploration should be completed and released by the end of this year.
		Several months later, a French-built Mars orbiter would rendezvous and docking with the tiny orbiting sample canister, using a system of radar and optical sensors mostly built by the U.S., and place the canister into an attached Earth-return capsule.
		Finally, the reentry capsule and its still-carefully-sealed can of Mars samples would be hustled back to a "Mars Quarantine Facility" which would carefully examine the samples for any sign of Martian microbes.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars-general-02f1.html (606 words)

	Too Many Mars Missions Planned?: Science Fiction in the News
		Was scheduled for launch in January 2003, as Mars/asteroid/comet mission, will flyby Mars for gravity assist on August 26, 2005, to finally reach and land on Comet 46 P/Wirtanen in 2011.
		Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Surveyor 2005 Orbiter (Nasa).
		2009 December Mars Science Laboratory, Mars Smart Lander, Mars 2009 Mobile Scientific Laboratory (Nasa).: Formerly scheduled for 2007, the spacecraft is now to be launched in December 2007, and to arrive at Mars in October 2010.
	www.technovelgy.com /ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=880 (593 words)

	Learn more about Timeline of planetary exploration in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mars Global Surveyor - 07 November 1996 - Mars Orbiter
		Mars Pathfinder - 04 December 1996 - Mars Lander and Rover
		Mars Express - 1 June 2003 - Mars Orbiter and Lander
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /t/ti/timeline_of_planetary_exploration.html (2450 words)

	James Erickson Takes NASA Mars Rover Reins As Richard Cook Joins 2009 Mission \| Mars Today - Your Daily Source of Mars ...
		Cook becomes deputy project manager for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory, the future rover mission whose project manager, Peter C. Theisinger, managed the Mars Exploration Rover Project from its inception in mid-2000 until February 2004, when Cook succeeded him.
		The rovers Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars in January and successfully completed all of the predetermined criteria for mission success in the following three months.
		Cook was flight operations manager for the Mars Pathfinder project, which put a lander and small rover on Mars in 1997.
	www.marstoday.com /viewpr.html?pid=14392 (441 words)

	Giant Mars rover will search for life - space - 16 December 2004 - New Scientist
		NASA will search for signs of life on Mars with a giant rover due to launch in 2009.
		Now, NASA is planning a rover with three times the mass (600 kilograms) and twice the number of instruments (10) as those currently on Mars, the long-lived Spirit and Opportunity.
		One is a 30-kilogram package of tools called the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) that includes an updated version of an instrument first flown on the Viking mission.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6808 (639 words)

	Cornell News: Mars 2009 rover mission
		Squyres currently is principal investigator for the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission, which has two rovers conducting scientific experiments on opposite sides of the planet.
		Jim Bell, associate professor of astronomy at Cornell, and senior researchers Rob Sullivan and Peter Thomas are on teams for three imaging experiments from Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, Calif. Bell currently is leading the panoramic camera, or Pancam, team for the MER mission.
		One of the Malin proposals is a mast-mounted camera that would perform multi-spectral, stereo imaging at lengths ranging from kilometers to centimeters and would be able to acquire compressed high-definition video at 10 frames per second without the use of the rover computer.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/Dec04/Mars.09.deb.html (519 words)

	Chinese Satellite to Orbit Mars in 2009 -- china.org.cn
		A Chinese satellite is expected to orbit Mars in 2009, thanks to an agreement signed with Russia on Monday.
		Phobos became a satellite of Mars millions of years ago, so studying material from the asteroid will give scientists information on the origins of the solar system and of Earth, the Russian news agency RIA Novosti cited Russian Academy of Sciences member Mikhail Marov as saying.
		After entering Mars' orbit, the Chinese micro-satellite will be detached from the Russian spacecraft, and probe the Martian space environment, according to the statement.
	www.china.org.cn /english/China/204779.htm (431 words)

	TeamDroid » Russia to Mars in 2009
		Stage one will be a sample and return mission to the moon Phobos.
		Back in 1988 the Phobos probes were launched but failed to complete their missions to study the moon Phobos.
		The program hopes to have stage one launched by 2009 and a lander on Mars by 2011.
	www.teamdroid.com /archives/2006/06/17/russia-to-mars-in-2009 (259 words)

	NASA’s Nuclear Focus Aimed At 2009 Mars Lander
		In the near term, Newhouse said, NASA’s nuclear ambitions are focused on building a better battery for an unmanned lander launching to Mars in 2009 and a nuclear-electric propulsion system for a planned 2015 robotic tour of Jupiter’s icy moons.
		Boeing Co. and Lockheed Martin Corp. are working on competing nuclear battery designs for NASA’s 2009 Mars Science Laboratory and other missions in the early planning stages.
		Regardless of which system it picks for the Mars Science Laboratory, NASA intends to fully develop both designs, according to Joe Naninger, head of nuclear power and propulsion research at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/nuclear_focus_040218-1.html (931 words)

	Exploration of Mars Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.com (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This page contains quite a lot of relevant information about Exploration of Mars.
		of the Viking mission, Gentry Lee discussed the excitement of landing on Mars for the first time, and how far weve come in our exploration of Mars since then...
		More Exploration of Mars Page Titles on this Site
	www.launchbase.com /encyclopedia/Exploration_of_Mars (3668 words)

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