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Topic: Mars Direct

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	Mars Direct
		Mars Direct is a proposal for a relatively low-cost manned mission to Mars with current rocket technology, developed by Robert Zubrin and David Baker[?].
		The plan involves first launching an uncrewed "Earth Return Vehicle" directly from Earth's surface to Mars using a heavy-lift booster (no bigger than the Saturn V used for the Apollo missions), containing a supply of hydrogen, a chemical plant and a small nuclear reactor.
		Once on Mars, a relatively simple set of chemical reactions would convert the hydrogen, and carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere, into methane/oxygen propellant to return the ERV to Earth, as well as additional supplies of oxygen and methane.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mars_Direct.html (317 words)

	Mars Direct - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mars Direct is a proposal for a relatively low-cost manned mission to Mars with current rocket technology.
		Mars Direct was featured on a Discovery Channel program 'Mars: The Next Frontier' in which discussed, in part, issues surrounding NASA funding of the project.
		The design retains most of the essential features of Mars Direct, but uses multiple medium-lift rocket launchers that are commercially available today (such as the Ariane V or the Delta rocket) to launch the crew vehicles, and their propulsion, separately, and mate them in orbit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Direct (757 words)

	Mars Direct
		Direct flight to and from the Martian surface.
		Mars Direct would be completed in two launches of the proposed Ares heavy lift booster.
		The habitation module is 8.4 m in diameter, 4.9 m tall, and consists of two floors: the lower floor, with cargo and the ground rover; and the upper floor, with the crew quarters.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/marirect.htm (1101 words)

	Mars Direct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The response to this was the infamous 90-day report, which called for a fleet of massive ships to be built in orbit so that everything could be taken to mars prior to the start of a manned mission.
		Mars direct began life as a reaction to this overly ambitious and unrealistic plan, and to others like it.
		Even the expanded NASA version of mars direct comes in at only $50,000,000,000 (costed by the same team) which is only a ninth as much, and that is over 10 years.
	website.lineone.net /~xyroth/marsdir.htm (392 words)

	Reason Magazine - Martian Chronicle
		Mars gives libertarians a rare chance to be for something, to present a grand vision of freedom instead of merely trying to fend off the latest excesses of big government.
		It redesigned the Mars mission, lowering the cost estimate from $400 billion to $55 billion, and is contemplating a trip sometime after 2010.
		Mars' most prominent features, like its 18-mile-high volcano and 2,800-mile-long version of the Grand Canyon, have already been named, but the first explorers there--and certainly the first settlers--could exercise their prerogative to assign new names.
	www.reason.com /news/show/30912.html (4721 words)

	Review of The Case for Mars
		He points out that Mars is second only to Earth in its assortment of raw materials necessary to support an industrial population, and projects that a thriving "triangle trade" between Mars, Earth and the Asteroid Belt could be established fairly quickly, and at reasonable expense.
		However, I dispute his contention on page 222 that "Mars and Earth are the only two locations in the solar system where humans will be able to grow crops for export." This seems far too broad a statement, and I also think his denigration of the Moon as a base for settlement is overstated.
		Back then, the Earth was thought to be the center of the universe, so when Mars (or any of the other planets) was on one side of the Earth and the Sun on the other, they were said to be in opposition; when on the same side, they were in conjunction.
	www.chris-winter.com /SpaceVis/R_Zubrin/Mars_Direct.html (2055 words)

	Mars Direct (Henry Spencer)
		The mars lander is an interesting >mix between the LEM and the CM in mission requirements.
		Direct; the fuel requirements for anything else were prohibitive.
		And the Soviet Mars 3 lander likewise went direct to the Martian surface.
	yarchive.net /space/science/mars_direct.html (1740 words)

	Astrobiology: The Living Universe - Mars Colonization
		Rather, it will be a result of a sustained serious of missions to Mars, perhaps on the lines of the Mars Direct mission or the NASA Mars Reference mission (a.k.a 'Mars Semi-Direct').
		In the same way as Puritan colonies were established in America, we might see other extremist colonies being founded on Mars – they might see it all as a chance to create a new, different world, according to their ideals.
		Mars has all the resources anyone would ever want, so any settlement there would not be forever shipping over metals or gases from Earth.
	library.thinkquest.org /C003763/index.php?page=mars03 (1284 words)

	The Space Review: Some thoughts on Mars Direct (page 1)
		At the end of October, Robert Zubrin had the chance to present his Mars Direct plan to the Senate Commerce Committee as part of their hearings on the future of the US space program.
		Mars is the obvious compelling destination and Mars Direct is the obvious choice for how to get us there.
		If there is a chance that Mars Direct might be used as the roadmap for the United States’ plans for future space exploration, we should take a closer look at some of the details and see what changes might need to be made based on recent events.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/65/1 (1160 words)

	Is there a mission to Mars planned?
		Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system and is at its closest approach 80 million km far away from Earth.
		The Mars Direct Plan begins with the launch of an unmanned Earth Return Vehicle, or ERV, that will, on landing on Mars, manufacture its own propellant, thereby laying the groundwork for the arrival of astronauts.
		However, during the astronaut's stay on Mars, a 200 km/h storm wouldn't be dangerous; it would exert the same force as a 20 km/h breeze on Earth.
	www.geocities.com /marsterraforming/mannedmissions.html (1702 words)

	Mars Direct
		t the heart of Mars Direct is a launch vehicle dubbed the Ares, similar in size and power to the Saturn V, NASA’s now-obsolete workhorse that sent astronauts to the Moon in the 1960s.
		In 2015, the next window when Earth and Mars are close enough for a mission to take place, two more Ares rockets lift off — one boosting a cargo lander like the craft already on Mars, the other a small piloted spaceship.
		“Mars is a world with a surface area equal to that of all the continents on Earth put together,” Zubrin said.
	www.rps.psu.edu /0305/direct.html (1438 words)

	Mars Direct - NewMars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mars Direct is a scenario, devised by Robert Zubrin and David Baker, that uses current technology to land a small crew on Mars.
		This plan was summarized in the book, The Case For Mars, written by Robert Zubrin and Richard Wagner.
		At the time it was proposed, Mars Direct was innovative for its use of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and for its use of direct launch from Earth to Mars without orbital construction or Mars orbit rendezvous.
	www.newmars.com /wiki/index.php/Mars_Direct (254 words)

	New Mars :: View topic - Mars Direct International - From Russia With Love (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		I also think if you have a lot of countries involved, and they agree to set up something of a permament outpost on Mars like Mars Direct calls for, such an outpost would be safer from the economic and political axe of any one country and would be more apt to survive.
		Remember that the goal of Mars Direct is to build a base by landing subsequent missions in the same area and drawing upon the accomplishments of the previous missions.
		The best way to divide the crew assignments on an international Mars Direct is not to use multi-national crews during the initial landings, which form the building phase of the base.
	www.newmars.com /forums/viewtopic.php?t=1814 (1410 words)

	TO-Mars: The Mars Direct Plan
		In Mars Direct, the final stage of the rocket is attached to the crew module by a long tether.
		The Mars Direct plan utilizes an opposition-class mission, which has a flight time of 150 days, both to and from Mars, and allows for a 550 day stay on the surface before the return launch window opens up.
		The Mars Direct plan uses a two-year free-return, which means that if the crew cannot land on Mars, their trajectory will return them to Earth two years after they left.
	chapters.marssociety.org /toronto/Education/MarsDirect.shtml (964 words)

	The Space Review: Some thoughts on Mars Direct (page 2)
		Mars Direct has emerged as the leading architecture for human missions to Mars.
		The Mars Direct plan advocates using a similar method for having a single heavy lift launcher send the crew from the Earth to Mars.
		The Mars Direct plan was born out of the desire to continue our exploration of the solar system and the frustration of our country’s post-Apollo lack of direction.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/65/2 (1075 words)

	TO-Mars: Mars Direct -- The Case for Mars, Chapter 1
		The planet Mars is a world of breathtaking scenery, with spectacular mountains three times as tall as Mount Everest, canyons three times as deep and five times as long as the Grand canyon, vast ice fields, and thousands of kilometers of mysterious dry riverbeds.
		Some have said that a human mission to Mars is a venture for the far future, a task for "the next generation." On the contrary, we have in hand all the technologies required for undertaking within a decade an aggressive, continuing program of human Mars exploration.
		Conventional wisdom might deem Mars Direct attractive because of its simplicity, but it would also deem it infeasible—the mass of the propellant and supplies needed for a human mission to Mars is much too large to be launched directly from Earth to Mars.
	chapters.marssociety.org /toronto/Reasoning/Chapter1.shtml (6037 words)

	MarsHome.org - Building the first permanent base
		By building a "square" of lines of vaulted chambers the early explorers on Mars will be able to excavate the central square, dome it over and pressurize it, to give a large enclosed park area for the base.
		The Mars Direct plans calls for landing sites about 300 kilometers apart so that huge areas can be explored.
		Mars Direct 3D objects created by Curt Boyll and courtesy of the Mars Society.
	www.marshome.org /building-the-base (729 words)

	DESTINATION MARS
		The vehicle is designed to carry a future crew of astronauts back from the surface of Mars to a direct splashdown in Earth's waters.
		On its journey to Mars the ERV will carry a small nuclear reactor mounted atop a light truck, an automated chemical processing unit along with a set of compressors, and a few scientific rovers.
		The crew of the Mars Direct mission will play a big role in navigating these robots for this is the land they will eventually end up on.
	library.thinkquest.org /23682/marsdirect.html (1287 words)

	The Case For Mars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Case For Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet and Why We Must is a nonfiction science book by Robert Zubrin, first published in 1996.
		In the same chapter, Zubrin decisively rejects suggestions that the Moon should be used as waypoint to Mars or as a training area.
		It is ultimately much easier to journey to Mars from low Earth orbit than from the moon and using the latter as a staging point is a pointless diversion of resources.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Case_for_Mars (916 words)

	Radio Free Mars - Harold Miller - April 1st, 2003
		Harold Miller is the webmaster for the Mars Society, a grassroots organization founded by Mars visionary Dr. Robert Zubrin, author of "The Case for Mars".
		The Mars Direct mission has been popularized by the publication of Dr. Robert Zubrin's book The Case for Mars: The Plan To Settle The Red Planet And Why We Must.
		The Case for Mars is not a vision for the far future or one that will cost us impossible billions.
	www.marsnews.com /radio/programs/20030401-miller.html (353 words)

	Romance to Reality: moon & Mars mission plans
		Mars Direct has been vigorously championed since 1990 by engineer Robert Zubrin, who developed it with fellow Martin Marietta engineer David Baker.
		Mars Direct contains elements gleaned from the 1987 Ride Report [read], Martin Marietta studies for the short-lived NASA Headquarters Office of Exploration [read], and In-Situ Resource Utilization studies conducted by Robert Ash, et al.
		Near Mars the upper stage and tether are discarded.
	members.aol.com /dsportree/MA20.htm (1108 words)

	The Mars Direct Architecture
		The first is an unmanned flight, containing an unfueled methane/oxygen engine and the ERV for launching off the Martian surface, liquid hydrogen, a nuclear reactor that works with the methane/oxygen engine, a set of compressors, a chemical processing unit, and the scientific rovers.
		One is like the one launched before, the other is a craft containing a crew of four, with supplies for three years, a ground rover, and landing gear.
		The Mars Direct launch vehicle is much like any other craft launched from Earth, with solid rocket boosters to escape Earth’s gravity that separate after burning.
	library.advanced.org /12145/mdir2.htm (419 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mars Direct - Non-stop Flight to the Red Planet
		HOUSTON Mars Direct casts aside traditional concepts of travel to the Red Planet by simplifying the process.
		Proponent: Mars Society founder Robert Zubrin, a former engineer for Martin-Marietta and author of The Case for Mars and Entering Space.
		At the end of their time on Mars, they board the fueled-up return vehicle for the trip to Earth (see graphics below).
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/mars_direct_plan.html (441 words)

	mars direct art page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To some this may appear to be an outrageous statement, as the present age is frequently cited as one of technological wonders.
		Mars will not allow itself to be settled by people from a static society -- those people won't have what it takes.
		The remaining art is created using the provided Mars' terrain elevation data to depict what we might see from these various vantage points on Mars.
	www.electricolive.com /mars.html (669 words)

	Mars Trajectories
		Upon arrival at Mars, the spacecraft's velocity relative to the sun is 21.5 km/s.
		The distance from Mars for a synchronous orbit is 20460 km and therefore the DV is 1.94 km/s, similar to the DV requirement for a moon landing.
		To date, all missions to Mars have used some sort of deviation of the Hohmann trajectory for the one-way transfer because they have been unmanned and time is not an essential component.
	www.stanford.edu /~klynn/mars_paper.htm (4294 words)

	MIT Mars Society
		MISSION: The MIT Mars Society pursues the exploration and human settlement of the planet Mars through focused public outreach, technical projects, and community organization.
		January 09, 2005 — The Mars Foundation will be holding a number of events at MIT during the annual IAP (Independent Activities Period) in January and early February.
		Activities will include an overview of the Mars Homestead Project, a discussion of UROP opportunities for MIT students, and recurring work sessions on technology planning and robotic systems development.
	web.mit.edu /mars (308 words)

	Mars direct 1999:Least-aspected Uranus:Mundane Astrology:Horoscope
		Mars direct: June 4, 1999: Mars and astrology: Planets: astrocartography: mundane astrology
		So, from a Transcendental Astrology perspective, Mars may either choose to energize the Primary and other Transcendental Planets -- the least-aspected planets, which form the spiritual raison d'être of this moment -- or else, Mars may shift its focal point to the most-aspected, or Leading Planets.
		Leading Moon will only avoid its hubristic and overextended, split-off tendency if it is working in the service of the Primary Transcendentals; and this is the definition of the "Primary Directive": to have the Leading Planets working in service of the spiritual raison d'être, here symbolized by NE and UR.
	members.tripod.com /more_tra/1e_marsd_1999.htm (915 words)

	The Mars Society — The Mars Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The International Mars Society convention presents a unique opportunity for those interested in Mars to come together and discuss the technology, science, social implications, philosophy and a multitude of other aspects of Mars exploration.
		Run in conjunction with the Mars Society’s Mars Analog Research Station program, this unique opportunity will allow college students to take their knowledge and talent from the classroom on to Mars.
		August 30-September 2, 2007 at the University of California, Los Angeles The Mars Society was founded to further the exploration and settlement of the Red Planet.
	new.marsstuff.com (839 words)

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